1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #ifndef lint 35 static const char copyright[] = 36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 38 #endif /* not lint */ 39 40 #ifndef lint 41 #if 0 42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 43 #endif 44 static const char rcsid[] = 45 "$FreeBSD$"; 46 #endif /* not lint */ 47 48 /* 49 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 50 */ 51 #include <sys/param.h> 52 #include <sys/stat.h> 53 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 54 #include <sys/file.h> 55 #include <sys/mount.h> 56 57 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 58 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 59 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 60 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 61 62 #include <ctype.h> 63 #include <err.h> 64 #include <errno.h> 65 #include <paths.h> 66 #include <stdio.h> 67 #include <stdlib.h> 68 #include <string.h> 69 #include <syslog.h> 70 #include <unistd.h> 71 72 #if __STDC__ 73 #include <stdarg.h> 74 #else 75 #include <varargs.h> 76 #endif 77 78 #include "mntopts.h" 79 80 struct mntopt mopts[] = { 81 MOPT_STDOPTS, 82 MOPT_ASYNC, 83 { NULL }, 84 }; 85 86 #if __STDC__ 87 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...) __printflike(1, 2); 88 #else 89 void fatal(); 90 #endif 91 92 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 93 94 /* 95 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 96 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 97 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 98 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 99 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 100 */ 101 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 102 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 103 104 /* 105 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 106 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 107 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use as many as possible 108 * cylinders per group. 109 */ 110 #define DESCPG 65536 /* desired fs_cpg ("infinity") */ 111 112 /* 113 * Once upon a time... 114 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 115 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 116 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 117 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 118 * 119 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because 120 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance 121 * without the delay. 122 */ 123 #define ROTDELAY 0 124 125 /* 126 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 127 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 128 * block worth of data blocks. 129 */ 130 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 131 132 /* 133 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 134 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 135 * to be far more than we will ever need. 136 */ 137 #define NFPI 4 138 139 /* 140 * Once upon a time... 141 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 142 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 143 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 144 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 145 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 146 * 147 * ...but now we make this 1 (which essentially disables the rotational 148 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do 149 * better without the rotational position table. 150 */ 151 #define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 152 153 /* 154 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks. 155 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too... 156 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it. 157 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group. 158 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two. 159 */ 160 #define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */ 161 #define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */ 162 163 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 164 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 165 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 166 int fssize; /* file system size */ 167 int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 168 int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */ 169 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 170 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 171 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 172 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 173 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 174 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 175 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 176 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 177 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 178 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 179 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 180 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 181 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 182 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 183 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 184 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 185 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 186 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 187 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 188 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 189 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 190 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 191 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 192 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 193 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 194 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 195 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 196 int t_or_u_flag = 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */ 197 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 198 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 199 char *filename; 200 #ifdef COMPAT 201 char *disktype; 202 int unlabeled; 203 #endif 204 205 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 206 char *progname; 207 208 extern void mkfs __P((struct partition *, char *, int, int)); 209 static void usage __P((void)); 210 static void rewritelabel __P((char *s, int fd, register struct disklabel *lp)); 211 212 int 213 main(argc, argv) 214 int argc; 215 char *argv[]; 216 { 217 register int ch; 218 register struct partition *pp; 219 register struct disklabel *lp; 220 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 221 struct partition oldpartition; 222 struct stat st; 223 struct statfs *mp; 224 int fsi, fso, len, n, vflag; 225 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring; 226 227 vflag = 0; 228 if ((progname = strrchr(*argv, '/'))) 229 ++progname; 230 else 231 progname = *argv; 232 233 opstring = "NOS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:vx:"; 234 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1) 235 switch (ch) { 236 case 'N': 237 Nflag = 1; 238 break; 239 case 'O': 240 Oflag = 1; 241 break; 242 case 'S': 243 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 244 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 245 break; 246 #ifdef COMPAT 247 case 'T': 248 disktype = optarg; 249 break; 250 #endif 251 case 'F': 252 filename = optarg; 253 break; 254 case 'U': 255 Uflag = 1; 256 break; 257 case 'a': 258 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 259 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 260 optarg); 261 break; 262 case 'b': 263 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 264 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 265 break; 266 case 'c': 267 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 268 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 269 cpgflg++; 270 break; 271 case 'd': 272 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 273 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay", optarg); 274 break; 275 case 'e': 276 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 277 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 278 optarg); 279 break; 280 case 'f': 281 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 282 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 283 break; 284 case 'g': 285 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 286 fatal("%s: bad average file size", optarg); 287 break; 288 case 'h': 289 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 290 fatal("%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 291 break; 292 case 'i': 293 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 294 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 295 break; 296 case 'k': 297 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 298 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 299 break; 300 case 'l': 301 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 302 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 303 break; 304 case 'm': 305 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 306 fatal("%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 307 break; 308 case 'n': 309 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 310 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count", 311 optarg); 312 if (nrpos == 0) 313 nrpos = 1; 314 break; 315 case 'o': 316 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 317 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 318 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 319 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 320 else 321 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: " 322 "use `space' or `time'", optarg); 323 break; 324 case 'p': 325 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 326 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 327 optarg); 328 break; 329 case 'r': 330 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 331 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute", optarg); 332 break; 333 case 's': 334 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 335 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 336 break; 337 case 't': 338 t_or_u_flag++; 339 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 340 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 341 break; 342 case 'u': 343 t_or_u_flag++; 344 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 345 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 346 break; 347 case 'v': 348 vflag = 1; 349 break; 350 case 'x': 351 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 352 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 353 optarg); 354 break; 355 case '?': 356 default: 357 usage(); 358 } 359 argc -= optind; 360 argv += optind; 361 362 if (argc != 2 && argc != 1) 363 usage(); 364 365 special = argv[0]; 366 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 367 if (cp == 0) { 368 /* 369 * No path prefix; try /dev/%s. 370 */ 371 (void)snprintf(device, sizeof(device), 372 "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 373 special = device; 374 } 375 if (Nflag) 376 fso = -1; 377 else { 378 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 379 if (fso < 0) 380 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 381 382 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 383 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 384 if (n == 0) 385 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 386 387 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 388 s1 = special; 389 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 390 s1 += len; 391 392 while (--n >= 0) { 393 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 394 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 395 s2 += len - 1; 396 *s2 = 'r'; 397 } 398 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 399 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 400 special, mp->f_mntonname); 401 ++mp; 402 } 403 } 404 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 405 if (fsi < 0) 406 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 407 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 408 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 409 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 410 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 411 progname, special); 412 cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0'); 413 if (cp == argv[0]) 414 fatal("null special file name"); 415 cp--; 416 if (!vflag && (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 417 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 418 argv[0]); 419 #ifdef COMPAT 420 if (disktype == NULL) 421 disktype = argv[1]; 422 #endif 423 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 424 if (vflag || isdigit(*cp)) 425 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 426 else 427 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 428 if (pp->p_size == 0) 429 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 430 argv[0], *cp); 431 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 432 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 433 argv[0], *cp); 434 if (fssize == 0) 435 fssize = pp->p_size; 436 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 437 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the " 438 "`%c' partition is %d", argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 439 if (rpm == 0) { 440 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 441 if (rpm <= 0) 442 rpm = 3600; 443 } 444 if (ntracks == 0) { 445 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 446 if (ntracks <= 0) 447 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 448 } 449 if (nsectors == 0) { 450 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 451 if (nsectors <= 0) 452 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 453 } 454 if (sectorsize == 0) { 455 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 456 if (sectorsize <= 0) 457 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 458 } 459 if (trackskew == -1) { 460 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 461 if (trackskew < 0) 462 trackskew = 0; 463 } 464 if (interleave == 0) { 465 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 466 if (interleave <= 0) 467 interleave = 1; 468 } 469 if (fsize == 0) { 470 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 471 if (fsize <= 0) 472 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 473 } 474 if (bsize == 0) { 475 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 476 if (bsize <= 0) 477 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 478 } 479 /* 480 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 481 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 482 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 483 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 484 */ 485 if (maxcontig == 0) 486 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1); 487 if (density == 0) 488 density = NFPI * fsize; 489 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 490 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 491 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 492 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 493 } 494 if (trackspares == -1) { 495 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 496 if (trackspares < 0) 497 trackspares = 0; 498 } 499 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 500 if (cylspares == -1) { 501 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 502 if (cylspares < 0) 503 cylspares = 0; 504 } 505 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 506 /* 507 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default 508 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree 509 * with the disklabel. 510 */ 511 if (t_or_u_flag && secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 512 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 513 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 514 "disagrees with disk label", (u_long)lp->d_secpercyl); 515 if (maxbpg == 0) 516 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 517 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 518 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 519 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 520 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 521 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 522 #endif 523 oldpartition = *pp; 524 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 525 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 526 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 527 528 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 529 nsectors *= secperblk; 530 nphyssectors *= secperblk; 531 secpercyl *= secperblk; 532 fssize *= secperblk; 533 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 534 } 535 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 536 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 537 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize /DEV_BSIZE; 538 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 539 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 540 if (!Nflag) 541 close(fso); 542 close(fsi); 543 exit(0); 544 } 545 546 #ifdef COMPAT 547 const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 548 #else 549 const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 550 #endif 551 552 struct disklabel * 553 getdisklabel(s, fd) 554 char *s; 555 int fd; 556 { 557 static struct disklabel lab; 558 559 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 560 #ifdef COMPAT 561 if (disktype) { 562 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 563 564 unlabeled++; 565 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 566 if (lp == NULL) 567 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 568 return (lp); 569 } 570 #endif 571 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 572 fatal(lmsg, s); 573 } 574 return (&lab); 575 } 576 577 void 578 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 579 char *s; 580 int fd; 581 register struct disklabel *lp; 582 { 583 #ifdef COMPAT 584 if (unlabeled) 585 return; 586 #endif 587 lp->d_checksum = 0; 588 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 589 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 590 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 591 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 592 } 593 } 594 595 /*VARARGS*/ 596 void 597 #if __STDC__ 598 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 599 #else 600 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 601 char *fmt; 602 va_dcl 603 #endif 604 { 605 va_list ap; 606 607 #if __STDC__ 608 va_start(ap, fmt); 609 #else 610 va_start(ap); 611 #endif 612 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 613 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 614 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 615 closelog(); 616 } else 617 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 618 va_end(ap); 619 exit(1); 620 /*NOTREACHED*/ 621 } 622 623 static void 624 usage() 625 { 626 fprintf(stderr, 627 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 628 progname, 629 #ifdef COMPAT 630 " [device-type]"); 631 #else 632 ""); 633 #endif 634 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 635 fprintf(stderr, 636 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 637 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 638 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 639 #ifdef COMPAT 640 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 641 #endif 642 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 643 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 644 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 645 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 646 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 647 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 648 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 649 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 650 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 651 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 652 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 653 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 654 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 655 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 656 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 657 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 658 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 659 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 660 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 661 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 662 fprintf(stderr, 663 "\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n"); 664 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 665 exit(1); 666 } 667