1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 23 * must display the following acknowledgement: 24 * This product includes software developed by the University of 25 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 26 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 27 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 28 * without specific prior written permission. 29 * 30 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 31 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 32 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 33 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 34 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 35 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 36 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 37 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 38 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 39 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 40 * SUCH DAMAGE. 41 */ 42 43 #if 0 44 #ifndef lint 45 static const char copyright[] = 46 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 47 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 50 #ifndef lint 51 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 52 #endif /* not lint */ 53 #endif 54 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 55 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 56 57 /* 58 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 59 */ 60 #include <sys/param.h> 61 #include <sys/stat.h> 62 #include <sys/disk.h> 63 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 64 #include <sys/file.h> 65 #include <sys/mount.h> 66 67 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 68 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 69 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 70 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 71 72 #include <ctype.h> 73 #include <err.h> 74 #include <errno.h> 75 #include <paths.h> 76 #include <stdarg.h> 77 #include <stdio.h> 78 #include <stdlib.h> 79 #include <string.h> 80 #include <syslog.h> 81 #include <unistd.h> 82 83 #include "newfs.h" 84 85 /* 86 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 87 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 88 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 89 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 90 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 91 */ 92 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 93 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 94 95 /* 96 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual 97 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 98 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system 99 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group. 100 */ 101 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */ 102 103 /* 104 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 105 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 106 * block worth of data blocks. 107 */ 108 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)) 109 110 /* 111 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 112 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 113 * to be far more than we will ever need. 114 */ 115 #define NFPI 4 116 117 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 118 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 119 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 120 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 121 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 122 int Eflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 123 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 124 quad_t fssize; /* file system size */ 125 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 126 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 127 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 128 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 129 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 130 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 131 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 132 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 133 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 134 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 135 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 136 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 137 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 138 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 139 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 140 141 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 142 static char *disktype; 143 static int unlabeled; 144 145 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 146 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 147 static void usage(void); 148 149 int 150 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 151 { 152 struct partition *pp; 153 struct disklabel *lp; 154 struct partition oldpartition; 155 struct stat st; 156 char *cp, *special; 157 int ch, i; 158 off_t mediasize; 159 160 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 161 "EL:NO:RS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:o:s:")) != -1) 162 switch (ch) { 163 case 'E': 164 Eflag++; 165 break; 166 case 'L': 167 volumelabel = optarg; 168 i = -1; 169 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 170 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 171 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 172 } 173 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 174 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 175 MAXVOLLEN); 176 } 177 Lflag = 1; 178 break; 179 case 'N': 180 Nflag = 1; 181 break; 182 case 'O': 183 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 184 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 185 optarg); 186 break; 187 case 'R': 188 Rflag = 1; 189 break; 190 case 'S': 191 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 192 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 193 break; 194 case 'T': 195 disktype = optarg; 196 break; 197 case 'U': 198 Uflag = 1; 199 break; 200 case 'a': 201 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 202 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 203 optarg); 204 break; 205 case 'b': 206 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 207 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 208 optarg, MINBSIZE); 209 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 210 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 211 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 212 break; 213 case 'c': 214 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 215 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 216 optarg); 217 break; 218 case 'd': 219 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 220 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 221 break; 222 case 'e': 223 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 224 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 225 optarg); 226 break; 227 case 'f': 228 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 229 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 230 break; 231 case 'g': 232 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 233 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 234 break; 235 case 'h': 236 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 237 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 238 break; 239 case 'i': 240 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 241 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 242 break; 243 case 'l': 244 lflag = 1; 245 break; 246 case 'm': 247 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 248 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 249 break; 250 case 'o': 251 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 252 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 253 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 254 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 255 else 256 errx(1, 257 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 258 optarg); 259 break; 260 case 's': 261 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 262 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 263 break; 264 case '?': 265 default: 266 usage(); 267 } 268 argc -= optind; 269 argv += optind; 270 271 if (argc != 1) 272 usage(); 273 274 special = argv[0]; 275 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 276 if (cp == 0) { 277 /* 278 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 279 */ 280 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 281 special = device; 282 } 283 284 if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 285 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 286 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 287 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 288 else 289 err(1, "%s", special); 290 } 291 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 292 err(1, "%s", special); 293 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 294 errx(1, "%s: not a character-special device", special); 295 296 if (sectorsize == 0) 297 ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize); 298 if (sectorsize && !ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize)) { 299 if (fssize == 0) 300 fssize = mediasize / sectorsize; 301 else if (fssize > mediasize / sectorsize) 302 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %u", 303 special, (u_int)(mediasize / sectorsize)); 304 } 305 pp = NULL; 306 lp = getdisklabel(special); 307 if (lp != NULL) { 308 cp = strchr(special, '\0'); 309 cp--; 310 if ((*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 311 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 312 special); 313 if (isdigit(*cp)) 314 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 315 else 316 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 317 oldpartition = *pp; 318 if (pp->p_size == 0) 319 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 320 special, *cp); 321 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 322 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 323 special, *cp); 324 if (fssize == 0) 325 fssize = pp->p_size; 326 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 327 errx(1, 328 "%s: maximum file system size %d", special, pp->p_size); 329 if (sectorsize == 0) 330 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 331 if (fsize == 0) 332 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 333 if (bsize == 0) 334 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 335 } 336 if (sectorsize <= 0) 337 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 338 if (fsize <= 0) 339 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 340 if (bsize <= 0) 341 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 342 if (maxbsize == 0) 343 maxbsize = bsize; 344 /* 345 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 346 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering 347 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 348 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 349 */ 350 if (maxcontig == 0) 351 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize); 352 if (density == 0) 353 density = NFPI * fsize; 354 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 355 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 356 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 357 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 358 } 359 if (maxbpg == 0) 360 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 361 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 362 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 363 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 364 365 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 366 fssize *= secperblk; 367 if (pp != NULL) 368 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 369 } 370 mkfs(pp, special); 371 if (!unlabeled) { 372 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 373 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 374 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 375 rewritelabel(special, lp); 376 } 377 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 378 exit(0); 379 } 380 381 struct disklabel * 382 getdisklabel(char *s) 383 { 384 static struct disklabel lab; 385 struct disklabel *lp; 386 387 if (!ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab)) 388 return (&lab); 389 unlabeled++; 390 if (disktype) { 391 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 392 if (lp != NULL) 393 return (lp); 394 } 395 return (NULL); 396 } 397 398 void 399 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 400 { 401 if (unlabeled) 402 return; 403 lp->d_checksum = 0; 404 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 405 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) 406 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 407 } 408 409 static void 410 usage() 411 { 412 fprintf(stderr, 413 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 414 getprogname(), 415 " [device-type]"); 416 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 417 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 418 fprintf(stderr, 419 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 420 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 421 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 422 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 423 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 424 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 425 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 426 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 427 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 428 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 429 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 430 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 431 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 432 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 433 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 434 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 435 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 436 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file systemsize (sectors)\n"); 437 exit(1); 438 } 439