1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #if 0 40 #ifndef lint 41 static const char copyright[] = 42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 #endif 50 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 52 53 /* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56 #include <sys/param.h> 57 #include <sys/stat.h> 58 #include <sys/disk.h> 59 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 60 #include <sys/file.h> 61 #include <sys/mount.h> 62 63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68 #include <ctype.h> 69 #include <err.h> 70 #include <errno.h> 71 #include <inttypes.h> 72 #include <paths.h> 73 #include <stdarg.h> 74 #include <stdio.h> 75 #include <stdlib.h> 76 #include <string.h> 77 #include <syslog.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 80 #include "newfs.h" 81 82 /* 83 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 84 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 85 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 86 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 87 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 88 */ 89 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 90 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 91 92 /* 93 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual 94 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 95 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system 96 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group. 97 */ 98 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */ 99 100 /* 101 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 102 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 103 * block worth of data blocks. 104 */ 105 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)) 106 107 /* 108 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 109 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 110 * to be far more than we will ever need. 111 */ 112 #define NFPI 4 113 114 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 115 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 116 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 117 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 118 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 119 int Eflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 120 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 121 quad_t fssize; /* file system size */ 122 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 123 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 124 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 125 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 126 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 127 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 128 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 129 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 130 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 131 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 132 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 133 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 134 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 135 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 136 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 137 138 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 139 static char *disktype; 140 static int unlabeled; 141 142 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 143 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 144 static void usage(void); 145 146 int 147 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 148 { 149 struct partition *pp; 150 struct disklabel *lp; 151 struct partition oldpartition; 152 struct stat st; 153 char *cp, *special; 154 int ch, i; 155 off_t mediasize; 156 157 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 158 "EL:NO:RS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:o:s:")) != -1) 159 switch (ch) { 160 case 'E': 161 Eflag++; 162 break; 163 case 'L': 164 volumelabel = optarg; 165 i = -1; 166 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 167 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 168 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 169 } 170 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 171 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 172 MAXVOLLEN); 173 } 174 Lflag = 1; 175 break; 176 case 'N': 177 Nflag = 1; 178 break; 179 case 'O': 180 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 181 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 182 optarg); 183 break; 184 case 'R': 185 Rflag = 1; 186 break; 187 case 'S': 188 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 189 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 190 break; 191 case 'T': 192 disktype = optarg; 193 break; 194 case 'U': 195 Uflag = 1; 196 break; 197 case 'a': 198 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 199 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 200 optarg); 201 break; 202 case 'b': 203 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 204 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 205 optarg, MINBSIZE); 206 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 207 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 208 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 209 break; 210 case 'c': 211 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 212 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 213 optarg); 214 break; 215 case 'd': 216 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 217 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 218 break; 219 case 'e': 220 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 221 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 222 optarg); 223 break; 224 case 'f': 225 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 226 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 227 break; 228 case 'g': 229 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 230 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 231 break; 232 case 'h': 233 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 234 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 235 break; 236 case 'i': 237 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 238 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 239 break; 240 case 'l': 241 lflag = 1; 242 break; 243 case 'm': 244 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 245 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 246 break; 247 case 'o': 248 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 249 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 250 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 251 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 252 else 253 errx(1, 254 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 255 optarg); 256 break; 257 case 's': 258 errno = 0; 259 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, NULL, 0); 260 if (errno != 0) 261 err(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 262 break; 263 case '?': 264 default: 265 usage(); 266 } 267 argc -= optind; 268 argv += optind; 269 270 if (argc != 1) 271 usage(); 272 273 special = argv[0]; 274 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 275 if (cp == 0) { 276 /* 277 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 278 */ 279 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 280 special = device; 281 } 282 283 if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 284 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 285 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 286 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 287 else 288 err(1, "%s", special); 289 } 290 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 291 err(1, "%s", special); 292 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 293 errx(1, "%s: not a character-special device", special); 294 295 if (sectorsize == 0) 296 ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize); 297 if (sectorsize && !ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize)) { 298 if (fssize == 0) 299 fssize = mediasize / sectorsize; 300 else if (fssize > mediasize / sectorsize) 301 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 302 special, (intmax_t)(mediasize / sectorsize)); 303 } 304 pp = NULL; 305 lp = getdisklabel(special); 306 if (lp != NULL) { 307 cp = strchr(special, '\0'); 308 cp--; 309 if ((*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 310 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 311 special); 312 if (isdigit(*cp)) 313 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 314 else 315 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 316 oldpartition = *pp; 317 if (pp->p_size == 0) 318 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 319 special, *cp); 320 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 321 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 322 special, *cp); 323 if (fssize == 0) 324 fssize = pp->p_size; 325 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 326 errx(1, 327 "%s: maximum file system size %d", special, pp->p_size); 328 if (sectorsize == 0) 329 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 330 if (fsize == 0) 331 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 332 if (bsize == 0) 333 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 334 } 335 if (sectorsize <= 0) 336 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 337 if (fsize <= 0) 338 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 339 if (bsize <= 0) 340 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 341 if (maxbsize == 0) 342 maxbsize = bsize; 343 /* 344 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 345 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering 346 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 347 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 348 */ 349 if (maxcontig == 0) 350 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize); 351 if (density == 0) 352 density = NFPI * fsize; 353 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 354 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 355 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 356 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 357 } 358 if (maxbpg == 0) 359 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 360 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 361 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 362 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 363 364 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 365 fssize *= secperblk; 366 if (pp != NULL) 367 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 368 } 369 mkfs(pp, special); 370 if (!unlabeled) { 371 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 372 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 373 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 374 rewritelabel(special, lp); 375 } 376 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 377 exit(0); 378 } 379 380 struct disklabel * 381 getdisklabel(char *s) 382 { 383 static struct disklabel lab; 384 struct disklabel *lp; 385 386 if (!ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab)) 387 return (&lab); 388 unlabeled++; 389 if (disktype) { 390 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 391 if (lp != NULL) 392 return (lp); 393 } 394 return (NULL); 395 } 396 397 void 398 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 399 { 400 if (unlabeled) 401 return; 402 lp->d_checksum = 0; 403 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 404 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) 405 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 406 } 407 408 static void 409 usage() 410 { 411 fprintf(stderr, 412 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 413 getprogname(), 414 " [device-type]"); 415 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 416 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 417 fprintf(stderr, 418 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 419 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 420 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 421 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 422 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 423 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 424 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 425 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 426 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 427 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 428 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 429 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 430 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 431 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 432 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 433 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 434 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 435 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file systemsize (sectors)\n"); 436 exit(1); 437 } 438