1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #ifndef lint 35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94"; 36 #endif /* not lint */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 /* 45 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 46 */ 47 #include <sys/param.h> 48 #include <sys/stat.h> 49 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 50 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 51 #include <sys/file.h> 52 #include <sys/mount.h> 53 54 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 55 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 56 57 #include <ctype.h> 58 #include <errno.h> 59 #include <paths.h> 60 #include <stdio.h> 61 #include <stdlib.h> 62 #include <string.h> 63 #include <syslog.h> 64 #include <unistd.h> 65 66 #if __STDC__ 67 #include <stdarg.h> 68 #else 69 #include <varargs.h> 70 #endif 71 72 #include "mntopts.h" 73 74 struct mntopt mopts[] = { 75 MOPT_STDOPTS, 76 MOPT_ASYNC, 77 { NULL }, 78 }; 79 80 #if __STDC__ 81 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 82 #else 83 void fatal(); 84 #endif 85 86 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 87 88 /* 89 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 90 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 91 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 92 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 93 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 94 */ 95 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 96 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 97 98 /* 99 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 100 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 101 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 102 * per group. 103 */ 104 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 105 106 /* 107 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 108 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 109 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 110 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 111 */ 112 #define ROTDELAY 4 113 114 /* 115 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 116 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 117 * block worth of data blocks. 118 */ 119 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 120 121 /* 122 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 123 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 124 * to be far more than we will ever need. 125 */ 126 #define NFPI 4 127 128 /* 129 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 130 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 131 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 132 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 133 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 134 */ 135 #define NRPOS 8 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 136 137 138 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 139 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 140 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 141 int fssize; /* file system size */ 142 int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 143 int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */ 144 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 145 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 146 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 147 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 148 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 149 #ifdef tahoe 150 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 151 #endif 152 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 153 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 154 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 155 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 156 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 157 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 158 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 159 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 160 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 161 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 162 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 163 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 164 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 165 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 166 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 167 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 168 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 169 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 170 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 171 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 172 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 173 #ifdef COMPAT 174 char *disktype; 175 int unlabeled; 176 #endif 177 178 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 179 char *progname; 180 181 int 182 main(argc, argv) 183 int argc; 184 char *argv[]; 185 { 186 extern char *optarg; 187 extern int optind; 188 register int ch; 189 register struct partition *pp; 190 register struct disklabel *lp; 191 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 192 struct partition oldpartition; 193 struct stat st; 194 struct statfs *mp; 195 int fsi, fso, len, n; 196 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 197 198 if (progname = rindex(*argv, '/')) 199 ++progname; 200 else 201 progname = *argv; 202 203 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 204 mfs = 1; 205 Nflag++; 206 } 207 208 opstring = mfs ? 209 "NT:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" : 210 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 211 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 212 switch (ch) { 213 case 'N': 214 Nflag = 1; 215 break; 216 case 'O': 217 Oflag = 1; 218 break; 219 case 'S': 220 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 221 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 222 break; 223 #ifdef COMPAT 224 case 'T': 225 disktype = optarg; 226 break; 227 #endif 228 case 'a': 229 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 230 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n", 231 optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'b': 234 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 235 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 236 break; 237 case 'c': 238 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 239 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 240 cpgflg++; 241 break; 242 case 'd': 243 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 244 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 245 break; 246 case 'e': 247 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 248 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n", 249 optarg); 250 break; 251 case 'f': 252 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 253 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 254 break; 255 case 'i': 256 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 257 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 258 break; 259 case 'k': 260 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 261 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 262 break; 263 case 'l': 264 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 265 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 266 break; 267 case 'm': 268 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 269 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 270 break; 271 case 'n': 272 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 273 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 274 optarg); 275 break; 276 case 'o': 277 if (mfs) 278 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags); 279 else { 280 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 281 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 282 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 283 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 284 else 285 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'."); 286 } 287 break; 288 case 'p': 289 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 290 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 291 optarg); 292 break; 293 case 'r': 294 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 295 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg); 296 break; 297 case 's': 298 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 299 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 300 break; 301 case 't': 302 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 303 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 304 break; 305 case 'u': 306 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 307 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 308 break; 309 case 'x': 310 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 311 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 312 optarg); 313 break; 314 case '?': 315 default: 316 usage(); 317 } 318 argc -= optind; 319 argv += optind; 320 321 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 322 usage(); 323 324 special = argv[0]; 325 cp = rindex(special, '/'); 326 if (cp == 0) { 327 /* 328 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 329 */ 330 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 331 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 332 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 333 special = device; 334 } 335 if (Nflag) { 336 fso = -1; 337 } else { 338 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 339 if (fso < 0) 340 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 341 342 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 343 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 344 if (n == 0) 345 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 346 347 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 348 s1 = special; 349 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 350 s1 += len; 351 352 while (--n >= 0) { 353 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 354 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 355 s2 += len - 1; 356 *s2 = 'r'; 357 } 358 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 359 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 360 special, mp->f_mntonname); 361 ++mp; 362 } 363 } 364 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 365 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 366 if (lp == NULL) 367 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 368 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 369 } else { 370 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 371 if (fsi < 0) 372 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 373 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 374 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 375 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 376 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 377 progname, special); 378 cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 379 if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 380 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 381 argv[0]); 382 #ifdef COMPAT 383 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 384 disktype = argv[1]; 385 #endif 386 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 387 if (isdigit(*cp)) 388 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 389 else 390 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 391 if (pp->p_size == 0) 392 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 393 argv[0], *cp); 394 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 395 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 396 argv[0], *cp); 397 } 398 if (fssize == 0) 399 fssize = pp->p_size; 400 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 401 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 402 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 403 if (rpm == 0) { 404 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 405 if (rpm <= 0) 406 rpm = 3600; 407 } 408 if (ntracks == 0) { 409 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 410 if (ntracks <= 0) 411 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 412 } 413 if (nsectors == 0) { 414 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 415 if (nsectors <= 0) 416 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 417 } 418 if (sectorsize == 0) { 419 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 420 if (sectorsize <= 0) 421 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 422 } 423 if (trackskew == -1) { 424 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 425 if (trackskew < 0) 426 trackskew = 0; 427 } 428 if (interleave == 0) { 429 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 430 if (interleave <= 0) 431 interleave = 1; 432 } 433 if (fsize == 0) { 434 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 435 if (fsize <= 0) 436 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 437 } 438 if (bsize == 0) { 439 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 440 if (bsize <= 0) 441 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 442 } 443 /* 444 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 445 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 446 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 447 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 448 */ 449 if (maxcontig == 0) 450 maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize - 1); 451 if (density == 0) 452 density = NFPI * fsize; 453 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 454 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 455 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 456 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 457 } 458 if (trackspares == -1) { 459 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 460 if (trackspares < 0) 461 trackspares = 0; 462 } 463 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 464 if (cylspares == -1) { 465 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 466 if (cylspares < 0) 467 cylspares = 0; 468 } 469 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 470 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 471 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 472 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 473 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 474 if (maxbpg == 0) 475 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 476 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 477 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 478 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 479 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 480 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 481 #endif 482 oldpartition = *pp; 483 #ifdef tahoe 484 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 485 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 486 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 487 488 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 489 nsectors /= secperblk; 490 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 491 secpercyl /= secperblk; 492 fssize /= secperblk; 493 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 494 } 495 #endif 496 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 497 #ifdef tahoe 498 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 499 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 500 #endif 501 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 502 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 503 if (!Nflag) 504 close(fso); 505 close(fsi); 506 #ifdef MFS 507 if (mfs) { 508 struct mfs_args args; 509 510 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 511 args.fspec = buf; 512 args.export.ex_root = -2; 513 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 514 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 515 else 516 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 517 args.base = membase; 518 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 519 if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 520 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 521 } 522 #endif 523 exit(0); 524 } 525 526 #ifdef COMPAT 527 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 528 #else 529 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 530 #endif 531 532 struct disklabel * 533 getdisklabel(s, fd) 534 char *s; 535 int fd; 536 { 537 static struct disklabel lab; 538 539 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 540 #ifdef COMPAT 541 if (disktype) { 542 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 543 544 unlabeled++; 545 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 546 if (lp == NULL) 547 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 548 return (lp); 549 } 550 #endif 551 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 552 fatal(lmsg, s); 553 } 554 return (&lab); 555 } 556 557 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 558 char *s; 559 int fd; 560 register struct disklabel *lp; 561 { 562 #ifdef COMPAT 563 if (unlabeled) 564 return; 565 #endif 566 lp->d_checksum = 0; 567 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 568 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 569 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 570 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 571 } 572 #if vax 573 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) { 574 register i; 575 int cfd; 576 daddr_t alt; 577 char specname[64]; 578 char blk[1024]; 579 char *cp; 580 581 /* 582 * Make name for 'c' partition. 583 */ 584 strcpy(specname, s); 585 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1; 586 if (!isdigit(*cp)) 587 *cp = 'c'; 588 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY); 589 if (cfd < 0) 590 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno)); 591 bzero(blk, sizeof(blk)); 592 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp; 593 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors; 594 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 595 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, 596 L_SET) == -1) 597 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s", 598 strerror(errno)); 599 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) 600 warn("alternate label %d write", i/2); 601 } 602 close(cfd); 603 } 604 #endif 605 } 606 607 /*VARARGS*/ 608 void 609 #if __STDC__ 610 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 611 #else 612 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 613 char *fmt; 614 va_dcl 615 #endif 616 { 617 va_list ap; 618 619 #if __STDC__ 620 va_start(ap, fmt); 621 #else 622 va_start(ap); 623 #endif 624 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 625 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 626 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 627 closelog(); 628 } else { 629 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 630 } 631 va_end(ap); 632 exit(1); 633 /*NOTREACHED*/ 634 } 635 636 usage() 637 { 638 if (mfs) { 639 fprintf(stderr, 640 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 641 progname); 642 } else 643 fprintf(stderr, 644 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 645 progname, 646 #ifdef COMPAT 647 " [device-type]"); 648 #else 649 ""); 650 #endif 651 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 652 fprintf(stderr, 653 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 654 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 655 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 656 #ifdef COMPAT 657 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 658 #endif 659 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 660 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 661 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 662 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 663 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 664 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 665 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 666 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 667 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 668 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 669 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 670 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 671 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 672 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 673 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 674 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 675 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 676 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 677 exit(1); 678 } 679