1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #ifndef lint 35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94"; 36 #endif /* not lint */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 /* 45 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 46 */ 47 #include <sys/param.h> 48 #include <sys/stat.h> 49 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 50 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 51 #include <sys/file.h> 52 #include <sys/mount.h> 53 54 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 55 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 56 57 #include <ctype.h> 58 #include <errno.h> 59 #include <paths.h> 60 #include <stdio.h> 61 #include <stdlib.h> 62 #include <string.h> 63 #include <syslog.h> 64 #include <unistd.h> 65 66 #if __STDC__ 67 #include <stdarg.h> 68 #else 69 #include <varargs.h> 70 #endif 71 72 #include "mntopts.h" 73 74 struct mntopt mopts[] = { 75 MOPT_STDOPTS, 76 MOPT_ASYNC, 77 { NULL }, 78 }; 79 80 #if __STDC__ 81 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 82 #else 83 void fatal(); 84 #endif 85 86 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 87 88 /* 89 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 90 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 91 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 92 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 93 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 94 */ 95 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 96 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 97 98 /* 99 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 100 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 101 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 102 * per group. 103 */ 104 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 105 106 /* 107 * Once upon a time... 108 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 109 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 110 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 111 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 112 * 113 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because 114 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance 115 * without the delay. 116 */ 117 #define ROTDELAY 0 118 119 /* 120 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 121 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 122 * block worth of data blocks. 123 */ 124 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 125 126 /* 127 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 128 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 129 * to be far more than we will ever need. 130 */ 131 #define NFPI 4 132 133 /* 134 * Once upon a time... 135 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 136 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 137 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 138 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 139 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 140 * 141 * ...but now we make this 1 (which escentially disables the rotational 142 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do 143 * better without the rotational position table. 144 */ 145 #define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 146 147 148 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 149 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 150 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 151 int fssize; /* file system size */ 152 int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 153 int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */ 154 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 155 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 156 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 157 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 158 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 159 #ifdef tahoe 160 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 161 #endif 162 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 163 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 164 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 165 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 166 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 167 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 168 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 169 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 170 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 171 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 172 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 173 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 174 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 175 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 176 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 177 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 178 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 179 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 180 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 181 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 182 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 183 char *filename; 184 #ifdef COMPAT 185 char *disktype; 186 int unlabeled; 187 #endif 188 189 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 190 char *progname; 191 192 int 193 main(argc, argv) 194 int argc; 195 char *argv[]; 196 { 197 extern char *optarg; 198 extern int optind; 199 register int ch; 200 register struct partition *pp; 201 register struct disklabel *lp; 202 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 203 struct partition oldpartition; 204 struct stat st; 205 struct statfs *mp; 206 int fsi, fso, len, n; 207 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 208 209 if (progname = rindex(*argv, '/')) 210 ++progname; 211 else 212 progname = *argv; 213 214 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 215 mfs = 1; 216 Nflag++; 217 } 218 219 opstring = mfs ? 220 "NF:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" : 221 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 222 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 223 switch (ch) { 224 case 'N': 225 Nflag = 1; 226 break; 227 case 'O': 228 Oflag = 1; 229 break; 230 case 'S': 231 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 232 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 233 break; 234 #ifdef COMPAT 235 case 'T': 236 disktype = optarg; 237 break; 238 #endif 239 case 'F': 240 filename = optarg; 241 break; 242 case 'a': 243 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 244 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n", 245 optarg); 246 break; 247 case 'b': 248 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 249 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 250 break; 251 case 'c': 252 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 253 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 254 cpgflg++; 255 break; 256 case 'd': 257 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 258 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 259 break; 260 case 'e': 261 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 262 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n", 263 optarg); 264 break; 265 case 'f': 266 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 267 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 268 break; 269 case 'i': 270 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 271 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 272 break; 273 case 'k': 274 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 275 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 276 break; 277 case 'l': 278 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 279 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 280 break; 281 case 'm': 282 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 283 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 284 break; 285 case 'n': 286 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 287 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 288 optarg); 289 if (nrpos == 0) 290 nrpos = 1; 291 break; 292 case 'o': 293 if (mfs) 294 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0); 295 else { 296 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 297 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 298 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 299 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 300 else 301 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'."); 302 } 303 break; 304 case 'p': 305 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 306 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 307 optarg); 308 break; 309 case 'r': 310 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 311 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg); 312 break; 313 case 's': 314 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 315 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 316 break; 317 case 't': 318 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 319 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 320 break; 321 case 'u': 322 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 323 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 324 break; 325 case 'x': 326 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 327 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 328 optarg); 329 break; 330 case '?': 331 default: 332 usage(); 333 } 334 argc -= optind; 335 argv += optind; 336 337 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 338 usage(); 339 340 special = argv[0]; 341 cp = rindex(special, '/'); 342 if (cp == 0) { 343 /* 344 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 345 */ 346 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 347 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 348 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 349 special = device; 350 } 351 if (Nflag) { 352 fso = -1; 353 } else { 354 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 355 if (fso < 0) 356 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 357 358 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 359 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 360 if (n == 0) 361 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 362 363 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 364 s1 = special; 365 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 366 s1 += len; 367 368 while (--n >= 0) { 369 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 370 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 371 s2 += len - 1; 372 *s2 = 'r'; 373 } 374 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 375 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 376 special, mp->f_mntonname); 377 ++mp; 378 } 379 } 380 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 381 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 382 if (lp == NULL) 383 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 384 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 385 } else { 386 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 387 if (fsi < 0) 388 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 389 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 390 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 391 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 392 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 393 progname, special); 394 cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 395 if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 396 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 397 argv[0]); 398 #ifdef COMPAT 399 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 400 disktype = argv[1]; 401 #endif 402 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 403 if (isdigit(*cp)) 404 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 405 else 406 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 407 if (pp->p_size == 0) 408 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 409 argv[0], *cp); 410 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 411 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 412 argv[0], *cp); 413 } 414 if (fssize == 0) 415 fssize = pp->p_size; 416 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 417 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 418 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 419 if (rpm == 0) { 420 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 421 if (rpm <= 0) 422 rpm = 3600; 423 } 424 if (ntracks == 0) { 425 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 426 if (ntracks <= 0) 427 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 428 } 429 if (nsectors == 0) { 430 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 431 if (nsectors <= 0) 432 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 433 } 434 if (sectorsize == 0) { 435 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 436 if (sectorsize <= 0) 437 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 438 } 439 if (trackskew == -1) { 440 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 441 if (trackskew < 0) 442 trackskew = 0; 443 } 444 if (interleave == 0) { 445 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 446 if (interleave <= 0) 447 interleave = 1; 448 } 449 if (fsize == 0) { 450 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 451 if (fsize <= 0) 452 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 453 } 454 if (bsize == 0) { 455 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 456 if (bsize <= 0) 457 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 458 } 459 /* 460 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 461 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 462 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 463 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 464 */ 465 if (maxcontig == 0) 466 maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize - 1); 467 if (density == 0) 468 density = NFPI * fsize; 469 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 470 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 471 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 472 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 473 } 474 if (trackspares == -1) { 475 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 476 if (trackspares < 0) 477 trackspares = 0; 478 } 479 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 480 if (cylspares == -1) { 481 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 482 if (cylspares < 0) 483 cylspares = 0; 484 } 485 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 486 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 487 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 488 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 489 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 490 if (maxbpg == 0) 491 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 492 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 493 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 494 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 495 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 496 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 497 #endif 498 oldpartition = *pp; 499 #ifdef tahoe 500 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 501 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 502 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 503 504 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 505 nsectors /= secperblk; 506 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 507 secpercyl /= secperblk; 508 fssize /= secperblk; 509 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 510 } 511 #endif 512 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 513 #ifdef tahoe 514 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 515 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 516 #endif 517 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 518 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 519 if (!Nflag) 520 close(fso); 521 close(fsi); 522 #ifdef MFS 523 if (mfs) { 524 struct mfs_args args; 525 526 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 527 args.fspec = buf; 528 args.export.ex_root = -2; 529 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 530 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 531 else 532 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 533 args.base = membase; 534 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 535 if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 536 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 537 if(filename) { 538 munmap(membase,fssize * sectorsize); 539 } 540 } 541 #endif 542 exit(0); 543 } 544 545 #ifdef COMPAT 546 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 547 #else 548 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 549 #endif 550 551 struct disklabel * 552 getdisklabel(s, fd) 553 char *s; 554 int fd; 555 { 556 static struct disklabel lab; 557 558 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 559 #ifdef COMPAT 560 if (disktype) { 561 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 562 563 unlabeled++; 564 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 565 if (lp == NULL) 566 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 567 return (lp); 568 } 569 #endif 570 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 571 fatal(lmsg, s); 572 } 573 return (&lab); 574 } 575 576 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 577 char *s; 578 int fd; 579 register struct disklabel *lp; 580 { 581 #ifdef COMPAT 582 if (unlabeled) 583 return; 584 #endif 585 lp->d_checksum = 0; 586 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 587 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 588 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 589 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 590 } 591 #if vax 592 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) { 593 register i; 594 int cfd; 595 daddr_t alt; 596 char specname[64]; 597 char blk[1024]; 598 char *cp; 599 600 /* 601 * Make name for 'c' partition. 602 */ 603 strcpy(specname, s); 604 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1; 605 if (!isdigit(*cp)) 606 *cp = 'c'; 607 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY); 608 if (cfd < 0) 609 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno)); 610 bzero(blk, sizeof(blk)); 611 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp; 612 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors; 613 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 614 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, 615 L_SET) == -1) 616 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s", 617 strerror(errno)); 618 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) 619 warn("alternate label %d write", i/2); 620 } 621 close(cfd); 622 } 623 #endif 624 } 625 626 /*VARARGS*/ 627 void 628 #if __STDC__ 629 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 630 #else 631 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 632 char *fmt; 633 va_dcl 634 #endif 635 { 636 va_list ap; 637 638 #if __STDC__ 639 va_start(ap, fmt); 640 #else 641 va_start(ap); 642 #endif 643 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 644 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 645 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 646 closelog(); 647 } else { 648 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 649 } 650 va_end(ap); 651 exit(1); 652 /*NOTREACHED*/ 653 } 654 655 usage() 656 { 657 if (mfs) { 658 fprintf(stderr, 659 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 660 progname); 661 } else 662 fprintf(stderr, 663 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 664 progname, 665 #ifdef COMPAT 666 " [device-type]"); 667 #else 668 ""); 669 #endif 670 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 671 fprintf(stderr, 672 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 673 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 674 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 675 #ifdef COMPAT 676 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 677 #endif 678 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 679 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 680 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 681 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 682 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 683 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 684 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 685 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 686 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 687 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 688 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 689 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 690 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 691 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 692 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 693 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 694 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 695 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 696 exit(1); 697 } 698