1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #if 0 40 #ifndef lint 41 static const char copyright[] = 42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 #endif 50 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 52 53 /* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56 #include <sys/param.h> 57 #include <sys/stat.h> 58 #include <sys/disk.h> 59 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 60 #include <sys/file.h> 61 #include <sys/mount.h> 62 63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68 #include <ctype.h> 69 #include <err.h> 70 #include <errno.h> 71 #include <inttypes.h> 72 #include <paths.h> 73 #include <stdarg.h> 74 #include <stdio.h> 75 #include <stdlib.h> 76 #include <string.h> 77 #include <syslog.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 80 #include "newfs.h" 81 82 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 83 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 84 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 85 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 86 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 87 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 88 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 89 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 90 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 91 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 92 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 93 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 94 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 95 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 96 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 97 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 98 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 99 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 100 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 101 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 102 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 103 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 104 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 105 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 106 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 107 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 108 109 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 110 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 111 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 112 static char *dkname; 113 static char *disktype; 114 static int unlabeled; 115 116 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 117 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 118 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 119 static void usage(void); 120 121 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 122 123 int 124 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 125 { 126 struct partition *pp; 127 struct disklabel *lp; 128 struct partition oldpartition; 129 struct stat st; 130 char *cp, *special; 131 intmax_t reserved; 132 int ch, i; 133 off_t mediasize; 134 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 135 136 part_name = 'c'; 137 reserved = 0; 138 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 139 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:r:s:")) != -1) 140 switch (ch) { 141 case 'E': 142 Eflag = 1; 143 break; 144 case 'J': 145 Jflag = 1; 146 break; 147 case 'L': 148 volumelabel = optarg; 149 i = -1; 150 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 151 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 152 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 153 } 154 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 155 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 156 MAXVOLLEN); 157 } 158 Lflag = 1; 159 break; 160 case 'N': 161 Nflag = 1; 162 break; 163 case 'O': 164 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 165 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 166 optarg); 167 break; 168 case 'R': 169 Rflag = 1; 170 break; 171 case 'S': 172 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 173 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 174 break; 175 case 'T': 176 disktype = optarg; 177 break; 178 case 'U': 179 Uflag = 1; 180 break; 181 case 'X': 182 Xflag++; 183 break; 184 case 'a': 185 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 186 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 187 optarg); 188 break; 189 case 'b': 190 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 191 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 192 optarg, MINBSIZE); 193 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 194 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 195 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 196 break; 197 case 'c': 198 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 199 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 200 optarg); 201 break; 202 case 'd': 203 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 204 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 205 break; 206 case 'e': 207 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 208 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 209 optarg); 210 break; 211 case 'f': 212 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 213 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 214 break; 215 case 'g': 216 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 217 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 218 break; 219 case 'h': 220 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 221 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 222 break; 223 case 'i': 224 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 225 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 226 break; 227 case 'l': 228 lflag = 1; 229 break; 230 case 'm': 231 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 232 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 233 break; 234 case 'n': 235 nflag = 1; 236 break; 237 case 'o': 238 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 239 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 240 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 241 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 242 else 243 errx(1, 244 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 245 optarg); 246 break; 247 case 'r': 248 errno = 0; 249 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 250 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 251 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 252 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 253 break; 254 case 'p': 255 is_file = 1; 256 part_name = optarg[0]; 257 break; 258 259 case 's': 260 errno = 0; 261 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 262 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 263 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 264 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 265 break; 266 case '?': 267 default: 268 usage(); 269 } 270 argc -= optind; 271 argv += optind; 272 273 if (argc != 1) 274 usage(); 275 276 special = argv[0]; 277 if (!special[0]) 278 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 279 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 280 if (cp == 0) { 281 /* 282 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 283 */ 284 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 285 special = device; 286 } 287 288 if (is_file) { 289 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 290 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 291 disk.d_bsize = 1; 292 disk.d_name = special; 293 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 294 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 295 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 296 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 297 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 298 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 299 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 300 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 301 else 302 err(1, "%s", special); 303 } 304 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 305 err(1, "%s", special); 306 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 307 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 308 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 309 dkname = special; 310 if (sectorsize == 0) 311 sectorsize = 512; 312 mediasize = st.st_size; 313 /* set fssize from the partition */ 314 } else { 315 if (sectorsize == 0) 316 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 317 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 318 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 319 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 320 } 321 pp = NULL; 322 lp = getdisklabel(special); 323 if (lp != NULL) { 324 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 325 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 326 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 327 !isdigit(part_name)) 328 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 329 special); 330 cp = &part_name; 331 if (isdigit(*cp)) 332 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 333 else 334 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 335 oldpartition = *pp; 336 if (pp->p_size == 0) 337 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 338 special, *cp); 339 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 340 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 341 special, *cp); 342 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 343 if (sectorsize == 0) 344 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 345 if (fsize == 0) 346 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 347 if (bsize == 0) 348 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 349 if (is_file) 350 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 351 } 352 if (sectorsize <= 0) 353 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 354 if (fsize <= 0) 355 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 356 if (bsize <= 0) 357 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 358 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 359 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 360 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 361 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 362 } 363 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 364 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 365 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 366 367 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 368 fssize *= secperblk; 369 if (pp != NULL) 370 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 371 } 372 mkfs(pp, special); 373 if (!unlabeled) { 374 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 375 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 376 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 377 rewritelabel(special, lp); 378 } 379 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 380 exit(0); 381 } 382 383 void 384 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 385 { 386 intmax_t available; 387 388 available = disksize - reserved; 389 if (available <= 0) 390 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 391 s, disksize); 392 if (*fsz == 0) 393 *fsz = available; 394 else if (*fsz > available) 395 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 396 s, available); 397 } 398 399 struct disklabel * 400 getdisklabel(char *s) 401 { 402 static struct disklabel lab; 403 struct disklabel *lp; 404 405 if (is_file) { 406 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 407 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 408 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 409 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 410 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 411 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 412 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 413 414 lp = &lab; 415 return &lab; 416 } 417 418 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 419 return (&lab); 420 unlabeled++; 421 if (disktype) { 422 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 423 if (lp != NULL) 424 return (lp); 425 } 426 return (NULL); 427 } 428 429 void 430 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 431 { 432 if (unlabeled) 433 return; 434 lp->d_checksum = 0; 435 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 436 if (is_file) { 437 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 438 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 439 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 440 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 441 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 442 return; 443 } 444 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 445 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 446 } 447 448 static void 449 usage() 450 { 451 fprintf(stderr, 452 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 453 getprogname(), 454 " [device-type]"); 455 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 456 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n"); 457 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 458 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 459 fprintf(stderr, 460 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 461 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 462 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n"); 463 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 464 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 465 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 466 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 467 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 468 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 469 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 470 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 471 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 473 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 474 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 475 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 476 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 482 exit(1); 483 } 484