1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #if 0 40 #ifndef lint 41 static const char copyright[] = 42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 #endif 50 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 52 53 /* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56 #include <sys/param.h> 57 #include <sys/stat.h> 58 #include <sys/disk.h> 59 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 60 #include <sys/file.h> 61 #include <sys/mount.h> 62 63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68 #include <ctype.h> 69 #include <err.h> 70 #include <errno.h> 71 #include <inttypes.h> 72 #include <paths.h> 73 #include <stdarg.h> 74 #include <stdio.h> 75 #include <stdlib.h> 76 #include <string.h> 77 #include <syslog.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 80 #include <libutil.h> 81 82 #include "newfs.h" 83 84 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 85 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 86 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 87 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 88 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 89 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 90 int jflag; /* enable soft updates journaling for filesys */ 91 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 92 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 93 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 94 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 95 int tflag; /* enable TRIM */ 96 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 97 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 98 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 99 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 100 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 101 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 102 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 103 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 104 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 105 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 106 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 107 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 108 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 109 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 110 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 111 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 112 113 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 114 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 115 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 116 static char *dkname; 117 static char *disktype; 118 static int unlabeled; 119 120 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 121 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 122 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 123 static void usage(void); 124 static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num); 125 126 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 127 128 int 129 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 130 { 131 struct partition *pp; 132 struct disklabel *lp; 133 struct partition oldpartition; 134 struct stat st; 135 char *cp, *special; 136 intmax_t reserved; 137 int ch, i, rval; 138 off_t mediasize; 139 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 140 141 part_name = 'c'; 142 reserved = 0; 143 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 144 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jlm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1) 145 switch (ch) { 146 case 'E': 147 Eflag = 1; 148 break; 149 case 'J': 150 Jflag = 1; 151 break; 152 case 'L': 153 volumelabel = optarg; 154 i = -1; 155 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 156 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 157 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 158 } 159 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 160 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 161 MAXVOLLEN); 162 } 163 Lflag = 1; 164 break; 165 case 'N': 166 Nflag = 1; 167 break; 168 case 'O': 169 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 170 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 171 optarg); 172 break; 173 case 'R': 174 Rflag = 1; 175 break; 176 case 'S': 177 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, §orsize); 178 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0) 179 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 180 break; 181 case 'T': 182 disktype = optarg; 183 break; 184 case 'j': 185 jflag = 1; 186 /* fall through to enable soft updates */ 187 case 'U': 188 Uflag = 1; 189 break; 190 case 'X': 191 Xflag++; 192 break; 193 case 'a': 194 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxcontig); 195 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0) 196 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 197 optarg); 198 break; 199 case 'b': 200 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &bsize); 201 if (rval < 0) 202 errx(1, "%s: bad block size", 203 optarg); 204 if (bsize < MINBSIZE) 205 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 206 optarg, MINBSIZE); 207 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 208 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 209 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 210 break; 211 case 'c': 212 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxblkspercg); 213 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0) 214 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 215 optarg); 216 break; 217 case 'd': 218 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbsize); 219 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE) 220 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 221 break; 222 case 'e': 223 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbpg); 224 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0) 225 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 226 optarg); 227 break; 228 case 'f': 229 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &fsize); 230 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0) 231 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'g': 234 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesize); 235 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0) 236 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 237 break; 238 case 'h': 239 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesperdir); 240 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0) 241 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 242 break; 243 case 'i': 244 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &density); 245 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0) 246 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 247 break; 248 case 'l': 249 lflag = 1; 250 break; 251 case 'm': 252 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 253 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 254 break; 255 case 'n': 256 nflag = 1; 257 break; 258 case 'o': 259 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 260 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 261 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 262 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 263 else 264 errx(1, 265 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 266 optarg); 267 break; 268 case 'r': 269 errno = 0; 270 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 271 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 272 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 273 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 274 break; 275 case 'p': 276 is_file = 1; 277 part_name = optarg[0]; 278 break; 279 280 case 's': 281 errno = 0; 282 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 283 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 284 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 285 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 286 break; 287 case 't': 288 tflag = 1; 289 break; 290 case '?': 291 default: 292 usage(); 293 } 294 argc -= optind; 295 argv += optind; 296 297 if (argc != 1) 298 usage(); 299 300 special = argv[0]; 301 if (!special[0]) 302 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 303 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 304 if (cp == 0) { 305 /* 306 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 307 */ 308 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 309 special = device; 310 } 311 312 if (is_file) { 313 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 314 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 315 disk.d_bsize = 1; 316 disk.d_name = special; 317 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 318 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 319 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 320 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 321 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 322 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 323 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 324 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 325 else 326 err(1, "%s", special); 327 } 328 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 329 err(1, "%s", special); 330 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 331 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 332 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 333 dkname = special; 334 if (sectorsize == 0) 335 sectorsize = 512; 336 mediasize = st.st_size; 337 /* set fssize from the partition */ 338 } else { 339 if (sectorsize == 0) 340 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 341 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 342 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 343 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 344 } 345 pp = NULL; 346 lp = getdisklabel(special); 347 if (lp != NULL) { 348 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 349 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 350 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 351 !isdigit(part_name)) 352 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 353 special); 354 cp = &part_name; 355 if (isdigit(*cp)) 356 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 357 else 358 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 359 oldpartition = *pp; 360 if (pp->p_size == 0) 361 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 362 special, *cp); 363 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 364 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 365 special, *cp); 366 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 367 if (sectorsize == 0) 368 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 369 if (fsize == 0) 370 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 371 if (bsize == 0) 372 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 373 if (is_file) 374 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 375 } 376 if (sectorsize <= 0) 377 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 378 if (fsize <= 0) 379 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 380 if (bsize <= 0) 381 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 382 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 383 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 384 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 385 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 386 } 387 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 388 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 389 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 390 391 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 392 fssize *= secperblk; 393 if (pp != NULL) 394 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 395 } 396 mkfs(pp, special); 397 if (!unlabeled) { 398 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 399 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 400 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 401 rewritelabel(special, lp); 402 } 403 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 404 if (!jflag) 405 exit(0); 406 if (execlp("tunefs", "newfs", "-j", "enable", special, NULL) < 0) 407 err(1, "Cannot enable soft updates journaling, tunefs"); 408 /* NOT REACHED */ 409 } 410 411 void 412 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 413 { 414 intmax_t available; 415 416 available = disksize - reserved; 417 if (available <= 0) 418 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 419 s, disksize); 420 if (*fsz == 0) 421 *fsz = available; 422 else if (*fsz > available) 423 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 424 s, available); 425 } 426 427 struct disklabel * 428 getdisklabel(char *s) 429 { 430 static struct disklabel lab; 431 struct disklabel *lp; 432 433 if (is_file) { 434 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 435 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 436 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 437 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 438 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 439 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 440 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 441 442 lp = &lab; 443 return &lab; 444 } 445 446 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 447 return (&lab); 448 unlabeled++; 449 if (disktype) { 450 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 451 if (lp != NULL) 452 return (lp); 453 } 454 return (NULL); 455 } 456 457 void 458 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 459 { 460 if (unlabeled) 461 return; 462 lp->d_checksum = 0; 463 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 464 if (is_file) { 465 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 466 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 467 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 468 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 469 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 470 return; 471 } 472 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 473 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 474 } 475 476 static void 477 usage() 478 { 479 fprintf(stderr, 480 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 481 getprogname(), 482 " [device-type]"); 483 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n"); 485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 487 fprintf(stderr, 488 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 489 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 490 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n"); 491 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 492 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 493 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 494 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 495 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 496 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 497 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 498 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 499 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 500 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 501 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 502 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 503 fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n"); 504 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 505 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 506 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 507 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 508 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 509 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 510 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 511 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n"); 512 exit(1); 513 } 514 515 static int 516 expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num) 517 { 518 int64_t num64; 519 int rval; 520 521 rval = expand_number(buf, &num64); 522 if (rval < 0) 523 return (rval); 524 if (num64 > INT_MAX || num64 < INT_MIN) { 525 errno = ERANGE; 526 return (-1); 527 } 528 *num = (int)num64; 529 return (0); 530 } 531