1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1989, 1993 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. 14 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 15 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 16 * 17 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 18 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 19 * are met: 20 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 21 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 22 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 23 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 24 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 25 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 26 * must display the following acknowledgement: 27 * This product includes software developed by the University of 28 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 29 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 30 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 31 * without specific prior written permission. 32 * 33 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 34 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 35 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 36 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 37 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 38 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 39 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 40 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 41 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 42 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 43 * SUCH DAMAGE. 44 */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static const char copyright[] = 48 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 49 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 50 #endif /* not lint */ 51 52 #ifndef lint 53 #if 0 54 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 55 #endif 56 static const char rcsid[] = 57 "$FreeBSD$"; 58 #endif /* not lint */ 59 60 /* 61 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 62 */ 63 #include <sys/param.h> 64 #include <sys/stat.h> 65 #include <sys/disk.h> 66 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 67 #include <sys/file.h> 68 #include <sys/mount.h> 69 70 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 71 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 72 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 73 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 74 75 #include <ctype.h> 76 #include <err.h> 77 #include <errno.h> 78 #include <paths.h> 79 #include <stdarg.h> 80 #include <stdio.h> 81 #include <stdlib.h> 82 #include <string.h> 83 #include <syslog.h> 84 #include <unistd.h> 85 86 #include "newfs.h" 87 88 /* 89 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 90 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 91 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 92 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 93 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 94 */ 95 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 96 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 97 98 /* 99 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual 100 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 101 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system 102 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group. 103 */ 104 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */ 105 106 /* 107 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 108 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 109 * block worth of data blocks. 110 */ 111 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)) 112 113 /* 114 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 115 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 116 * to be far more than we will ever need. 117 */ 118 #define NFPI 4 119 120 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 121 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 122 int Oflag = 1; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 123 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 124 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 125 quad_t fssize; /* file system size */ 126 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 127 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 128 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 129 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 130 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 131 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 132 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 133 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 134 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 135 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 136 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 137 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 138 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 139 int fso; /* filedescriptor to device */ 140 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 141 142 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 143 static char *disktype; 144 static int unlabeled; 145 146 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 147 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 148 static void usage(void); 149 150 int 151 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 152 { 153 struct partition *pp; 154 struct disklabel *lp; 155 struct partition oldpartition; 156 struct stat st; 157 char *cp, *special; 158 int ch, i; 159 off_t mediasize; 160 161 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 162 "L:NO:RS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:m:o:s:")) != -1) 163 switch (ch) { 164 case 'L': 165 volumelabel = optarg; 166 i = -1; 167 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 168 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 169 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 170 } 171 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 172 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 173 MAXVOLLEN); 174 } 175 Lflag = 1; 176 break; 177 case 'N': 178 Nflag = 1; 179 break; 180 case 'O': 181 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 182 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 183 optarg); 184 break; 185 case 'R': 186 Rflag = 1; 187 break; 188 case 'S': 189 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 190 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 191 break; 192 case 'T': 193 disktype = optarg; 194 break; 195 case 'U': 196 Uflag = 1; 197 break; 198 case 'a': 199 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 200 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 201 optarg); 202 break; 203 case 'b': 204 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 205 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 206 optarg, MINBSIZE); 207 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 208 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 209 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 210 break; 211 case 'c': 212 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 213 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 214 optarg); 215 break; 216 case 'd': 217 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 218 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 219 break; 220 case 'e': 221 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 222 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 223 optarg); 224 break; 225 case 'f': 226 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 227 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 228 break; 229 case 'g': 230 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 231 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'h': 234 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 235 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 236 break; 237 case 'i': 238 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 239 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 240 break; 241 case 'm': 242 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 243 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 244 break; 245 case 'o': 246 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 247 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 248 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 249 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 250 else 251 errx(1, 252 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 253 optarg); 254 break; 255 case 's': 256 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 257 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 258 break; 259 case '?': 260 default: 261 usage(); 262 } 263 argc -= optind; 264 argv += optind; 265 266 if (argc != 1) 267 usage(); 268 269 special = argv[0]; 270 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 271 if (cp == 0) { 272 /* 273 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 274 */ 275 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 276 special = device; 277 } 278 279 fso = open(special, Nflag ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR); 280 if (fso < 0) 281 err(1, "%s", special); 282 if (fstat(fso, &st) < 0) 283 err(1, "%s", special); 284 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 285 errx(1, "%s: not a character-special device", special); 286 287 if (sectorsize == 0) 288 ioctl(fso, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize); 289 if (sectorsize && !ioctl(fso, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize)) { 290 if (fssize == 0) 291 fssize = mediasize / sectorsize; 292 else if (fssize > mediasize / sectorsize) 293 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %u", 294 special, (u_int)(mediasize / sectorsize)); 295 } 296 pp = NULL; 297 lp = getdisklabel(special); 298 if (lp != NULL) { 299 cp = strchr(special, '\0'); 300 cp--; 301 if ((*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 302 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 303 special); 304 if (isdigit(*cp)) 305 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 306 else 307 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 308 oldpartition = *pp; 309 if (pp->p_size == 0) 310 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 311 special, *cp); 312 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 313 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 314 special, *cp); 315 if (fssize == 0) 316 fssize = pp->p_size; 317 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 318 errx(1, 319 "%s: maximum file system size %d", special, pp->p_size); 320 if (sectorsize == 0) 321 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 322 if (fsize == 0) 323 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 324 if (bsize == 0) 325 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 326 } 327 if (sectorsize <= 0) 328 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 329 if (fsize <= 0) 330 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 331 if (bsize <= 0) 332 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 333 if (maxbsize == 0) 334 maxbsize = bsize; 335 /* 336 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 337 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering 338 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 339 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 340 */ 341 if (maxcontig == 0) 342 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize); 343 if (density == 0) 344 density = NFPI * fsize; 345 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 346 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 347 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 348 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 349 } 350 if (maxbpg == 0) 351 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 352 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 353 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 354 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 355 356 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 357 fssize *= secperblk; 358 if (pp != NULL) 359 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 360 } 361 mkfs(pp, special); 362 if (!unlabeled) { 363 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 364 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 365 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 366 rewritelabel(special, lp); 367 } 368 close(fso); 369 exit(0); 370 } 371 372 struct disklabel * 373 getdisklabel(char *s) 374 { 375 static struct disklabel lab; 376 struct disklabel *lp; 377 378 if (!ioctl(fso, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab)) 379 return (&lab); 380 unlabeled++; 381 if (disktype) { 382 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 383 if (lp != NULL) 384 return (lp); 385 } 386 return (NULL); 387 } 388 389 void 390 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 391 { 392 if (unlabeled) 393 return; 394 lp->d_checksum = 0; 395 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 396 if (ioctl(fso, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) 397 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 398 } 399 400 static void 401 usage() 402 { 403 fprintf(stderr, 404 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 405 getprogname(), 406 " [device-type]"); 407 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 408 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 409 fprintf(stderr, 410 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 411 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 412 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 413 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 414 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 415 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 416 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 417 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 418 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 419 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 420 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 421 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 422 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 423 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 424 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 425 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 426 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 427 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file systemsize (sectors)\n"); 428 exit(1); 429 } 430