1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #ifndef lint 35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94"; 36 #endif /* not lint */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 /* 45 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 46 */ 47 #include <sys/param.h> 48 #include <sys/stat.h> 49 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 50 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 51 #include <sys/file.h> 52 #include <sys/mount.h> 53 54 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 55 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 56 57 #include <ctype.h> 58 #include <errno.h> 59 #include <paths.h> 60 #include <stdio.h> 61 #include <stdlib.h> 62 #include <string.h> 63 #include <syslog.h> 64 #include <unistd.h> 65 66 #if __STDC__ 67 #include <stdarg.h> 68 #else 69 #include <varargs.h> 70 #endif 71 72 #include "mntopts.h" 73 74 struct mntopt mopts[] = { 75 MOPT_STDOPTS, 76 MOPT_ASYNC, 77 { NULL }, 78 }; 79 80 #if __STDC__ 81 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 82 #else 83 void fatal(); 84 #endif 85 86 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 87 88 /* 89 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 90 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 91 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 92 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 93 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 94 */ 95 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 96 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 97 98 /* 99 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 100 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 101 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 102 * per group. 103 */ 104 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 105 106 /* 107 * Once upon a time... 108 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 109 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 110 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 111 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 112 * 113 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because 114 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance 115 * without the delay. 116 */ 117 #define ROTDELAY 0 118 119 /* 120 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 121 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 122 * block worth of data blocks. 123 */ 124 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 125 126 /* 127 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 128 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 129 * to be far more than we will ever need. 130 */ 131 #define NFPI 4 132 133 /* 134 * Once upon a time... 135 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 136 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 137 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 138 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 139 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 140 * 141 * ...but now we make this 1 (which escentially disables the rotational 142 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do 143 * better without the rotational position table. 144 */ 145 #define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 146 147 /* 148 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks. 149 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too... 150 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it. 151 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group. 152 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two. 153 */ 154 155 #define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */ 156 157 #define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */ 158 159 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 160 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 161 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 162 int fssize; /* file system size */ 163 int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 164 int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */ 165 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 166 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 167 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 168 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 169 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 170 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 171 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 172 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 173 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 174 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 175 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 176 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 177 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 178 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 179 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 180 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 181 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 182 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 183 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 184 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 185 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 186 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 187 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 188 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 189 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 190 int t_or_u_flag = 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */ 191 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 192 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 193 char *filename; 194 #ifdef COMPAT 195 char *disktype; 196 int unlabeled; 197 #endif 198 199 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 200 char *progname; 201 202 int 203 main(argc, argv) 204 int argc; 205 char *argv[]; 206 { 207 extern char *optarg; 208 extern int optind; 209 register int ch; 210 register struct partition *pp; 211 register struct disklabel *lp; 212 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 213 struct partition oldpartition; 214 struct stat st; 215 struct statfs *mp; 216 int fsi, fso, len, n; 217 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 218 #ifdef MFS 219 struct vfsconf *vfc; 220 #endif 221 222 if (progname = rindex(*argv, '/')) 223 ++progname; 224 else 225 progname = *argv; 226 227 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 228 mfs = 1; 229 Nflag++; 230 } 231 232 opstring = mfs ? 233 "NF:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" : 234 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 235 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 236 switch (ch) { 237 case 'N': 238 Nflag = 1; 239 break; 240 case 'O': 241 Oflag = 1; 242 break; 243 case 'S': 244 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 245 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 246 break; 247 #ifdef COMPAT 248 case 'T': 249 disktype = optarg; 250 break; 251 #endif 252 case 'F': 253 filename = optarg; 254 break; 255 case 'a': 256 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 257 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n", 258 optarg); 259 break; 260 case 'b': 261 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 262 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 263 break; 264 case 'c': 265 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 266 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 267 cpgflg++; 268 break; 269 case 'd': 270 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 271 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 272 break; 273 case 'e': 274 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 275 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n", 276 optarg); 277 break; 278 case 'f': 279 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 280 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 281 break; 282 case 'i': 283 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 284 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 285 break; 286 case 'k': 287 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 288 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 289 break; 290 case 'l': 291 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 292 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 293 break; 294 case 'm': 295 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 296 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 297 break; 298 case 'n': 299 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 300 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 301 optarg); 302 if (nrpos == 0) 303 nrpos = 1; 304 break; 305 case 'o': 306 if (mfs) 307 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0); 308 else { 309 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 310 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 311 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 312 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 313 else 314 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'."); 315 } 316 break; 317 case 'p': 318 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 319 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 320 optarg); 321 break; 322 case 'r': 323 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 324 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg); 325 break; 326 case 's': 327 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 328 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 329 break; 330 case 't': 331 t_or_u_flag++; 332 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 333 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 334 break; 335 case 'u': 336 t_or_u_flag++; 337 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 338 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 339 break; 340 case 'x': 341 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 342 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 343 optarg); 344 break; 345 case '?': 346 default: 347 usage(); 348 } 349 argc -= optind; 350 argv += optind; 351 352 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 353 usage(); 354 355 special = argv[0]; 356 cp = rindex(special, '/'); 357 if (cp == 0) { 358 /* 359 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 360 */ 361 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 362 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 363 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 364 special = device; 365 } 366 if (Nflag) { 367 fso = -1; 368 } else { 369 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 370 if (fso < 0) 371 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 372 373 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 374 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 375 if (n == 0) 376 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 377 378 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 379 s1 = special; 380 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 381 s1 += len; 382 383 while (--n >= 0) { 384 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 385 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 386 s2 += len - 1; 387 *s2 = 'r'; 388 } 389 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 390 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 391 special, mp->f_mntonname); 392 ++mp; 393 } 394 } 395 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 396 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 397 if (lp == NULL) 398 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 399 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 400 } else { 401 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 402 if (fsi < 0) 403 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 404 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 405 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 406 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 407 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 408 progname, special); 409 cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 410 if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 411 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 412 argv[0]); 413 #ifdef COMPAT 414 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 415 disktype = argv[1]; 416 #endif 417 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 418 if (isdigit(*cp)) 419 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 420 else 421 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 422 if (pp->p_size == 0) 423 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 424 argv[0], *cp); 425 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 426 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 427 argv[0], *cp); 428 } 429 if (fssize == 0) 430 fssize = pp->p_size; 431 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 432 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 433 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 434 if (rpm == 0) { 435 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 436 if (rpm <= 0) 437 rpm = 3600; 438 } 439 if (ntracks == 0) { 440 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 441 if (ntracks <= 0) 442 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 443 } 444 if (nsectors == 0) { 445 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 446 if (nsectors <= 0) 447 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 448 } 449 if (sectorsize == 0) { 450 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 451 if (sectorsize <= 0) 452 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 453 } 454 if (trackskew == -1) { 455 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 456 if (trackskew < 0) 457 trackskew = 0; 458 } 459 if (interleave == 0) { 460 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 461 if (interleave <= 0) 462 interleave = 1; 463 } 464 if (fsize == 0) { 465 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 466 if (fsize <= 0) 467 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 468 } 469 if (bsize == 0) { 470 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 471 if (bsize <= 0) 472 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 473 } 474 /* 475 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 476 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 477 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 478 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 479 */ 480 if (maxcontig == 0) 481 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1); 482 if (density == 0) 483 density = NFPI * fsize; 484 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 485 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 486 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 487 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 488 } 489 if (trackspares == -1) { 490 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 491 if (trackspares < 0) 492 trackspares = 0; 493 } 494 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 495 if (cylspares == -1) { 496 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 497 if (cylspares < 0) 498 cylspares = 0; 499 } 500 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 501 /* 502 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default 503 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intented to disagree 504 * with the disklabel. 505 */ 506 if (t_or_u_flag && secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 507 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 508 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 509 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 510 if (maxbpg == 0) 511 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 512 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 513 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 514 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 515 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 516 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 517 #endif 518 oldpartition = *pp; 519 #ifdef tahoe 520 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 521 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 522 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 523 524 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 525 nsectors /= secperblk; 526 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 527 secpercyl /= secperblk; 528 fssize /= secperblk; 529 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 530 } 531 #else 532 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 533 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 534 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 535 536 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 537 nsectors *= secperblk; 538 nphyssectors *= secperblk; 539 secpercyl *= secperblk; 540 fssize *= secperblk; 541 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 542 } 543 #endif 544 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 545 #ifdef tahoe 546 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 547 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 548 #else 549 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 550 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize /DEV_BSIZE; 551 #endif 552 if (!Nflag) 553 close(fso); 554 close(fsi); 555 #ifdef MFS 556 if (mfs) { 557 struct mfs_args args; 558 559 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 560 args.fspec = buf; 561 args.export.ex_root = -2; 562 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 563 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 564 else 565 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 566 args.base = membase; 567 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 568 569 vfc = getvfsbyname("mfs"); 570 if(!vfc && vfsisloadable("mfs")) { 571 if(vfsload("mfs")) { 572 err(1, "vfsload(mfs)"); 573 } 574 endvfsent(); /* flush cache */ 575 vfc = getvfsbyname("mfs"); 576 } 577 578 if (mount(vfc ? vfc->vfc_index : MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, 579 &args) < 0) 580 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 581 if(filename) { 582 munmap(membase,fssize * sectorsize); 583 } 584 } 585 #endif 586 exit(0); 587 } 588 589 #ifdef COMPAT 590 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 591 #else 592 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 593 #endif 594 595 struct disklabel * 596 getdisklabel(s, fd) 597 char *s; 598 int fd; 599 { 600 static struct disklabel lab; 601 602 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 603 #ifdef COMPAT 604 if (disktype) { 605 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 606 607 unlabeled++; 608 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 609 if (lp == NULL) 610 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 611 return (lp); 612 } 613 #endif 614 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 615 fatal(lmsg, s); 616 } 617 return (&lab); 618 } 619 620 /*VARARGS*/ 621 void 622 #if __STDC__ 623 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 624 #else 625 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 626 char *fmt; 627 va_dcl 628 #endif 629 { 630 va_list ap; 631 632 #if __STDC__ 633 va_start(ap, fmt); 634 #else 635 va_start(ap); 636 #endif 637 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 638 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 639 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 640 closelog(); 641 } else { 642 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 643 } 644 va_end(ap); 645 exit(1); 646 /*NOTREACHED*/ 647 } 648 649 usage() 650 { 651 if (mfs) { 652 fprintf(stderr, 653 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 654 progname); 655 } else 656 fprintf(stderr, 657 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 658 progname, 659 #ifdef COMPAT 660 " [device-type]"); 661 #else 662 ""); 663 #endif 664 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 665 fprintf(stderr, 666 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 667 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 668 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 669 #ifdef COMPAT 670 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 671 #endif 672 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 673 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 674 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 675 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 676 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 677 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 678 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 679 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 680 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 681 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 682 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 683 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 684 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 685 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 686 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 687 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 688 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 689 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 690 exit(1); 691 } 692