1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #if 0 40 #ifndef lint 41 static const char copyright[] = 42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 #endif 50 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 52 53 /* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56 #include <sys/param.h> 57 #include <sys/stat.h> 58 #include <sys/disk.h> 59 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 60 #include <sys/file.h> 61 #include <sys/mount.h> 62 63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68 #include <ctype.h> 69 #include <err.h> 70 #include <errno.h> 71 #include <inttypes.h> 72 #include <paths.h> 73 #include <stdarg.h> 74 #include <stdio.h> 75 #include <stdlib.h> 76 #include <string.h> 77 #include <syslog.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 80 #include "newfs.h" 81 82 /* 83 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 84 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 85 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 86 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 87 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 88 */ 89 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 90 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 91 92 /* 93 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual 94 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 95 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system 96 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group. 97 */ 98 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */ 99 100 /* 101 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 102 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 103 * block worth of data blocks. 104 */ 105 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)) 106 107 /* 108 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 109 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 110 * to be far more than we will ever need. 111 */ 112 #define NFPI 4 113 114 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 115 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 116 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 117 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 118 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 119 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 120 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 121 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 122 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 123 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 124 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 125 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 126 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 127 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 128 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 129 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 130 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 131 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 132 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 133 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 134 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 135 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 136 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 137 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 138 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 139 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 140 141 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 142 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 143 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 144 static char *dkname; 145 static char *disktype; 146 static int unlabeled; 147 148 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 149 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 150 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 151 static void usage(void); 152 153 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 154 155 /* 156 * need to replace the library's bwrite so that sbwrite uses this one 157 */ 158 ssize_t 159 bwrite(struct uufsd *disk, ufs2_daddr_t blockno, const void *data, size_t size) 160 { 161 return pwrite(disk->d_fd, data, size, 162 (off_t)((part_ofs + blockno) * disk->d_bsize)); 163 } 164 165 int 166 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 167 { 168 struct partition *pp; 169 struct disklabel *lp; 170 struct partition oldpartition; 171 struct stat st; 172 char *cp, *special; 173 intmax_t reserved; 174 int ch, i; 175 off_t mediasize; 176 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 177 178 part_name = 'c'; 179 reserved = 0; 180 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 181 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:r:s:")) != -1) 182 switch (ch) { 183 case 'E': 184 Eflag = 1; 185 break; 186 case 'J': 187 Jflag = 1; 188 break; 189 case 'L': 190 volumelabel = optarg; 191 i = -1; 192 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 193 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 194 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 195 } 196 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 197 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 198 MAXVOLLEN); 199 } 200 Lflag = 1; 201 break; 202 case 'N': 203 Nflag = 1; 204 break; 205 case 'O': 206 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 207 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 208 optarg); 209 break; 210 case 'R': 211 Rflag = 1; 212 break; 213 case 'S': 214 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 215 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 216 break; 217 case 'T': 218 disktype = optarg; 219 break; 220 case 'U': 221 Uflag = 1; 222 break; 223 case 'X': 224 Xflag++; 225 break; 226 case 'a': 227 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 228 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 229 optarg); 230 break; 231 case 'b': 232 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 233 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 234 optarg, MINBSIZE); 235 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 236 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 237 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 238 break; 239 case 'c': 240 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 241 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 242 optarg); 243 break; 244 case 'd': 245 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 246 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 247 break; 248 case 'e': 249 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 250 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 251 optarg); 252 break; 253 case 'f': 254 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 255 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 256 break; 257 case 'g': 258 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 259 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 260 break; 261 case 'h': 262 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 263 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 264 break; 265 case 'i': 266 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 267 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 268 break; 269 case 'l': 270 lflag = 1; 271 break; 272 case 'm': 273 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 274 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 275 break; 276 case 'n': 277 nflag = 1; 278 break; 279 case 'o': 280 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 281 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 282 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 283 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 284 else 285 errx(1, 286 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 287 optarg); 288 break; 289 case 'r': 290 errno = 0; 291 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 292 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 293 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 294 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 295 break; 296 case 'p': 297 is_file = 1; 298 part_name = optarg[0]; 299 break; 300 301 case 's': 302 errno = 0; 303 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 304 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 305 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 306 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 307 break; 308 case '?': 309 default: 310 usage(); 311 } 312 argc -= optind; 313 argv += optind; 314 315 if (argc != 1) 316 usage(); 317 318 special = argv[0]; 319 if (!special[0]) 320 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 321 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 322 if (cp == 0) { 323 /* 324 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 325 */ 326 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 327 special = device; 328 } 329 330 if (is_file) { 331 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 332 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 333 disk.d_bsize = 1; 334 disk.d_name = special; 335 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 336 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 337 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 338 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 339 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 340 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 341 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 342 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 343 else 344 err(1, "%s", special); 345 } 346 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 347 err(1, "%s", special); 348 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 349 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 350 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 351 dkname = special; 352 if (sectorsize == 0) 353 sectorsize = 512; 354 mediasize = st.st_size; 355 /* set fssize from the partition */ 356 } else { 357 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 358 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name > 'h') && !isdigit(part_name)) 359 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 360 special); 361 362 if (sectorsize == 0) 363 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 364 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 365 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 366 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 367 } 368 pp = NULL; 369 lp = getdisklabel(special); 370 if (lp != NULL) { 371 cp = &part_name; 372 if (isdigit(*cp)) 373 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 374 else 375 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 376 oldpartition = *pp; 377 if (pp->p_size == 0) 378 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 379 special, *cp); 380 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 381 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 382 special, *cp); 383 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 384 if (sectorsize == 0) 385 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 386 if (fsize == 0) 387 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 388 if (bsize == 0) 389 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 390 if (is_file) 391 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 392 } 393 if (sectorsize <= 0) 394 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 395 if (fsize <= 0) 396 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 397 if (bsize <= 0) 398 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 399 if (maxbsize == 0) 400 maxbsize = bsize; 401 /* 402 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 403 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering 404 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 405 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 406 */ 407 if (maxcontig == 0) 408 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize); 409 if (density == 0) 410 density = NFPI * fsize; 411 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 412 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 413 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 414 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 415 } 416 if (maxbpg == 0) 417 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 418 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 419 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 420 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 421 422 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 423 fssize *= secperblk; 424 if (pp != NULL) 425 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 426 } 427 mkfs(pp, special); 428 if (!unlabeled) { 429 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 430 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 431 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 432 rewritelabel(special, lp); 433 } 434 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 435 exit(0); 436 } 437 438 void 439 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 440 { 441 intmax_t available; 442 443 available = disksize - reserved; 444 if (available <= 0) 445 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 446 s, disksize); 447 if (*fsz == 0) 448 *fsz = available; 449 else if (*fsz > available) 450 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 451 s, available); 452 } 453 454 struct disklabel * 455 getdisklabel(char *s) 456 { 457 static struct disklabel lab; 458 struct disklabel *lp; 459 460 if (is_file) { 461 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 462 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 463 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 464 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 465 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 466 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 467 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 468 469 lp = &lab; 470 return &lab; 471 } 472 473 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 474 return (&lab); 475 unlabeled++; 476 if (disktype) { 477 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 478 if (lp != NULL) 479 return (lp); 480 } 481 return (NULL); 482 } 483 484 void 485 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 486 { 487 if (unlabeled) 488 return; 489 lp->d_checksum = 0; 490 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 491 if (is_file) { 492 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 493 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 494 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 495 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 496 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 497 return; 498 } 499 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 500 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 501 } 502 503 static void 504 usage() 505 { 506 fprintf(stderr, 507 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 508 getprogname(), 509 " [device-type]"); 510 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 511 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previuos disk content\n"); 512 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 513 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 514 fprintf(stderr, 515 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 516 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 517 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 518 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 519 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 520 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 521 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 522 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 523 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 524 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 525 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 526 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 527 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 528 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 529 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 530 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 531 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 532 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 533 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 534 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 535 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 536 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 537 exit(1); 538 } 539