1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #if 0 40 #ifndef lint 41 static const char copyright[] = 42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 #endif 50 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 52 53 /* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56 #include <sys/param.h> 57 #include <sys/stat.h> 58 #include <sys/disk.h> 59 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 60 #include <sys/file.h> 61 #include <sys/mount.h> 62 63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68 #include <ctype.h> 69 #include <err.h> 70 #include <errno.h> 71 #include <inttypes.h> 72 #include <paths.h> 73 #include <stdarg.h> 74 #include <stdio.h> 75 #include <stdlib.h> 76 #include <string.h> 77 #include <syslog.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 80 #include "newfs.h" 81 82 /* 83 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 84 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 85 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 86 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 87 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 88 */ 89 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 90 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 91 92 /* 93 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual 94 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 95 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system 96 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group. 97 */ 98 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */ 99 100 /* 101 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 102 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 103 * block worth of data blocks. 104 */ 105 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)) 106 107 /* 108 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 109 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 110 * to be far more than we will ever need. 111 */ 112 #define NFPI 4 113 114 int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 115 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 116 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 117 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 118 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 119 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 120 int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 121 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 122 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 123 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 124 intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 125 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 126 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 127 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 128 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 129 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 130 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 131 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 132 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 133 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 134 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 135 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 136 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 137 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 138 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 139 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 140 141 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 142 static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 143 static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 144 static char *dkname; 145 static char *disktype; 146 static int unlabeled; 147 148 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 149 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 150 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 151 static void usage(void); 152 153 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 154 155 int 156 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 157 { 158 struct partition *pp; 159 struct disklabel *lp; 160 struct partition oldpartition; 161 struct stat st; 162 char *cp, *special; 163 intmax_t reserved; 164 int ch, i; 165 off_t mediasize; 166 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 167 168 part_name = 'c'; 169 reserved = 0; 170 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 171 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:r:s:")) != -1) 172 switch (ch) { 173 case 'E': 174 Eflag = 1; 175 break; 176 case 'J': 177 Jflag = 1; 178 break; 179 case 'L': 180 volumelabel = optarg; 181 i = -1; 182 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 183 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 184 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 185 } 186 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 187 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 188 MAXVOLLEN); 189 } 190 Lflag = 1; 191 break; 192 case 'N': 193 Nflag = 1; 194 break; 195 case 'O': 196 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 197 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 198 optarg); 199 break; 200 case 'R': 201 Rflag = 1; 202 break; 203 case 'S': 204 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 205 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 206 break; 207 case 'T': 208 disktype = optarg; 209 break; 210 case 'U': 211 Uflag = 1; 212 break; 213 case 'X': 214 Xflag++; 215 break; 216 case 'a': 217 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 218 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 219 optarg); 220 break; 221 case 'b': 222 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 223 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 224 optarg, MINBSIZE); 225 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 226 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 227 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 228 break; 229 case 'c': 230 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 231 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 232 optarg); 233 break; 234 case 'd': 235 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 236 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 237 break; 238 case 'e': 239 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 240 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 241 optarg); 242 break; 243 case 'f': 244 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 245 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 246 break; 247 case 'g': 248 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 249 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 250 break; 251 case 'h': 252 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 253 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 254 break; 255 case 'i': 256 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 257 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 258 break; 259 case 'l': 260 lflag = 1; 261 break; 262 case 'm': 263 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 264 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 265 break; 266 case 'n': 267 nflag = 1; 268 break; 269 case 'o': 270 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 271 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 272 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 273 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 274 else 275 errx(1, 276 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 277 optarg); 278 break; 279 case 'r': 280 errno = 0; 281 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 282 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 283 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 284 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 285 break; 286 case 'p': 287 is_file = 1; 288 part_name = optarg[0]; 289 break; 290 291 case 's': 292 errno = 0; 293 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 294 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 295 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 296 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 297 break; 298 case '?': 299 default: 300 usage(); 301 } 302 argc -= optind; 303 argv += optind; 304 305 if (argc != 1) 306 usage(); 307 308 special = argv[0]; 309 if (!special[0]) 310 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 311 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 312 if (cp == 0) { 313 /* 314 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 315 */ 316 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 317 special = device; 318 } 319 320 if (is_file) { 321 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 322 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 323 disk.d_bsize = 1; 324 disk.d_name = special; 325 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 326 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 327 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 328 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 329 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 330 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 331 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 332 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 333 else 334 err(1, "%s", special); 335 } 336 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 337 err(1, "%s", special); 338 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 339 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 340 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 341 dkname = special; 342 if (sectorsize == 0) 343 sectorsize = 512; 344 mediasize = st.st_size; 345 /* set fssize from the partition */ 346 } else { 347 if (sectorsize == 0) 348 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 349 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 350 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 351 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 352 } 353 pp = NULL; 354 lp = getdisklabel(special); 355 if (lp != NULL) { 356 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 357 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 358 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 359 !isdigit(part_name)) 360 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 361 special); 362 cp = &part_name; 363 if (isdigit(*cp)) 364 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 365 else 366 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 367 oldpartition = *pp; 368 if (pp->p_size == 0) 369 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 370 special, *cp); 371 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 372 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 373 special, *cp); 374 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 375 if (sectorsize == 0) 376 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 377 if (fsize == 0) 378 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 379 if (bsize == 0) 380 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 381 if (is_file) 382 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 383 } 384 if (sectorsize <= 0) 385 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 386 if (fsize <= 0) 387 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 388 if (bsize <= 0) 389 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 390 if (maxbsize == 0) 391 maxbsize = bsize; 392 /* 393 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 394 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering 395 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 396 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 397 */ 398 if (maxcontig == 0) 399 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize); 400 if (density == 0) 401 density = NFPI * fsize; 402 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 403 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 404 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 405 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 406 } 407 if (maxbpg == 0) 408 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 409 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 410 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 411 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 412 413 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 414 fssize *= secperblk; 415 if (pp != NULL) 416 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 417 } 418 mkfs(pp, special); 419 if (!unlabeled) { 420 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 421 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 422 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 423 rewritelabel(special, lp); 424 } 425 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 426 exit(0); 427 } 428 429 void 430 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 431 { 432 intmax_t available; 433 434 available = disksize - reserved; 435 if (available <= 0) 436 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 437 s, disksize); 438 if (*fsz == 0) 439 *fsz = available; 440 else if (*fsz > available) 441 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 442 s, available); 443 } 444 445 struct disklabel * 446 getdisklabel(char *s) 447 { 448 static struct disklabel lab; 449 struct disklabel *lp; 450 451 if (is_file) { 452 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 453 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 454 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 455 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 456 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 457 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 458 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 459 460 lp = &lab; 461 return &lab; 462 } 463 464 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 465 return (&lab); 466 unlabeled++; 467 if (disktype) { 468 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 469 if (lp != NULL) 470 return (lp); 471 } 472 return (NULL); 473 } 474 475 void 476 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 477 { 478 if (unlabeled) 479 return; 480 lp->d_checksum = 0; 481 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 482 if (is_file) { 483 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 484 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 485 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 486 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 487 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 488 return; 489 } 490 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 491 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 492 } 493 494 static void 495 usage() 496 { 497 fprintf(stderr, 498 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 499 getprogname(), 500 " [device-type]"); 501 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 502 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previuos disk content\n"); 503 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 504 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 505 fprintf(stderr, 506 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 507 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 508 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 509 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 510 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 511 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 512 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 513 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 514 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 515 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 516 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 517 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 518 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 519 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 520 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 521 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 522 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 523 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 524 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 525 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 526 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 527 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 528 exit(1); 529 } 530