1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #ifndef lint 35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94"; 36 #endif /* not lint */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 /* 45 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 46 */ 47 #include <sys/param.h> 48 #include <sys/stat.h> 49 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 50 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 51 #include <sys/file.h> 52 #include <sys/mount.h> 53 54 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 55 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 56 57 #include <ctype.h> 58 #include <errno.h> 59 #include <paths.h> 60 #include <stdio.h> 61 #include <stdlib.h> 62 #include <string.h> 63 #include <syslog.h> 64 #include <unistd.h> 65 66 #if __STDC__ 67 #include <stdarg.h> 68 #else 69 #include <varargs.h> 70 #endif 71 72 #include "mntopts.h" 73 74 struct mntopt mopts[] = { 75 MOPT_STDOPTS, 76 MOPT_ASYNC, 77 { NULL }, 78 }; 79 80 #if __STDC__ 81 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 82 #else 83 void fatal(); 84 #endif 85 86 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 87 88 /* 89 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 90 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 91 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 92 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 93 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 94 */ 95 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 96 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 97 98 /* 99 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 100 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 101 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 102 * per group. 103 */ 104 #define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 105 106 /* 107 * Once upon a time... 108 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 109 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 110 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 111 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 112 * 113 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because 114 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance 115 * without the delay. 116 */ 117 #define ROTDELAY 0 118 119 /* 120 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 121 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 122 * block worth of data blocks. 123 */ 124 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 125 126 /* 127 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 128 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 129 * to be far more than we will ever need. 130 */ 131 #define NFPI 4 132 133 /* 134 * Once upon a time... 135 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 136 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 137 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 138 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 139 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 140 * 141 * ...but now we make this 1 (which escentially disables the rotational 142 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do 143 * better without the rotational position table. 144 */ 145 #define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 146 147 /* 148 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks. 149 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too... 150 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it. 151 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group. 152 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two. 153 */ 154 155 #define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */ 156 157 #define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */ 158 159 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 160 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 161 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 162 int fssize; /* file system size */ 163 int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 164 int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */ 165 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 166 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 167 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 168 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 169 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 170 #ifdef tahoe 171 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 172 #endif 173 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 174 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 175 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 176 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 177 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 178 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 179 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 180 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 181 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 182 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 183 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 184 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 185 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 186 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 187 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 188 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 189 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 190 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 191 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 192 u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 193 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 194 char *filename; 195 #ifdef COMPAT 196 char *disktype; 197 int unlabeled; 198 #endif 199 200 char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 201 char *progname; 202 203 int 204 main(argc, argv) 205 int argc; 206 char *argv[]; 207 { 208 extern char *optarg; 209 extern int optind; 210 register int ch; 211 register struct partition *pp; 212 register struct disklabel *lp; 213 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 214 struct partition oldpartition; 215 struct stat st; 216 struct statfs *mp; 217 int fsi, fso, len, n; 218 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 219 220 if (progname = rindex(*argv, '/')) 221 ++progname; 222 else 223 progname = *argv; 224 225 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 226 mfs = 1; 227 Nflag++; 228 } 229 230 opstring = mfs ? 231 "NF:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" : 232 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 233 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 234 switch (ch) { 235 case 'N': 236 Nflag = 1; 237 break; 238 case 'O': 239 Oflag = 1; 240 break; 241 case 'S': 242 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 243 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 244 break; 245 #ifdef COMPAT 246 case 'T': 247 disktype = optarg; 248 break; 249 #endif 250 case 'F': 251 filename = optarg; 252 break; 253 case 'a': 254 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 255 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n", 256 optarg); 257 break; 258 case 'b': 259 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 260 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 261 break; 262 case 'c': 263 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 264 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 265 cpgflg++; 266 break; 267 case 'd': 268 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 269 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 270 break; 271 case 'e': 272 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 273 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n", 274 optarg); 275 break; 276 case 'f': 277 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 278 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 279 break; 280 case 'i': 281 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 282 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 283 break; 284 case 'k': 285 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 286 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 287 break; 288 case 'l': 289 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 290 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 291 break; 292 case 'm': 293 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 294 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 295 break; 296 case 'n': 297 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 298 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 299 optarg); 300 if (nrpos == 0) 301 nrpos = 1; 302 break; 303 case 'o': 304 if (mfs) 305 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0); 306 else { 307 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 308 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 309 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 310 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 311 else 312 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'."); 313 } 314 break; 315 case 'p': 316 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 317 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 318 optarg); 319 break; 320 case 'r': 321 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 322 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg); 323 break; 324 case 's': 325 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 326 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 327 break; 328 case 't': 329 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 330 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 331 break; 332 case 'u': 333 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 334 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 335 break; 336 case 'x': 337 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 338 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 339 optarg); 340 break; 341 case '?': 342 default: 343 usage(); 344 } 345 argc -= optind; 346 argv += optind; 347 348 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 349 usage(); 350 351 special = argv[0]; 352 cp = rindex(special, '/'); 353 if (cp == 0) { 354 /* 355 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 356 */ 357 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 358 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 359 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 360 special = device; 361 } 362 if (Nflag) { 363 fso = -1; 364 } else { 365 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 366 if (fso < 0) 367 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 368 369 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 370 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 371 if (n == 0) 372 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 373 374 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 375 s1 = special; 376 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 377 s1 += len; 378 379 while (--n >= 0) { 380 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 381 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 382 s2 += len - 1; 383 *s2 = 'r'; 384 } 385 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 386 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 387 special, mp->f_mntonname); 388 ++mp; 389 } 390 } 391 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 392 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 393 if (lp == NULL) 394 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 395 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 396 } else { 397 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 398 if (fsi < 0) 399 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 400 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 401 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 402 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 403 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 404 progname, special); 405 cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 406 if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 407 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 408 argv[0]); 409 #ifdef COMPAT 410 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 411 disktype = argv[1]; 412 #endif 413 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 414 if (isdigit(*cp)) 415 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 416 else 417 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 418 if (pp->p_size == 0) 419 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 420 argv[0], *cp); 421 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 422 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 423 argv[0], *cp); 424 } 425 if (fssize == 0) 426 fssize = pp->p_size; 427 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 428 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 429 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 430 if (rpm == 0) { 431 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 432 if (rpm <= 0) 433 rpm = 3600; 434 } 435 if (ntracks == 0) { 436 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 437 if (ntracks <= 0) 438 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 439 } 440 if (nsectors == 0) { 441 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 442 if (nsectors <= 0) 443 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 444 } 445 if (sectorsize == 0) { 446 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 447 if (sectorsize <= 0) 448 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 449 } 450 if (trackskew == -1) { 451 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 452 if (trackskew < 0) 453 trackskew = 0; 454 } 455 if (interleave == 0) { 456 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 457 if (interleave <= 0) 458 interleave = 1; 459 } 460 if (fsize == 0) { 461 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 462 if (fsize <= 0) 463 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 464 } 465 if (bsize == 0) { 466 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 467 if (bsize <= 0) 468 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 469 } 470 /* 471 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 472 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 473 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 474 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 475 */ 476 if (maxcontig == 0) 477 maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize - 1); 478 if (density == 0) 479 density = NFPI * fsize; 480 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 481 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 482 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 483 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 484 } 485 if (trackspares == -1) { 486 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 487 if (trackspares < 0) 488 trackspares = 0; 489 } 490 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 491 if (cylspares == -1) { 492 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 493 if (cylspares < 0) 494 cylspares = 0; 495 } 496 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 497 if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 498 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 499 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 500 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 501 if (maxbpg == 0) 502 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 503 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 504 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 505 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 506 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 507 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 508 #endif 509 oldpartition = *pp; 510 #ifdef tahoe 511 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 512 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 513 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 514 515 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 516 nsectors /= secperblk; 517 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 518 secpercyl /= secperblk; 519 fssize /= secperblk; 520 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 521 } 522 #endif 523 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 524 #ifdef tahoe 525 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 526 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 527 #endif 528 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 529 rewritelabel(special, fso, lp); 530 if (!Nflag) 531 close(fso); 532 close(fsi); 533 #ifdef MFS 534 if (mfs) { 535 struct mfs_args args; 536 537 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 538 args.fspec = buf; 539 args.export.ex_root = -2; 540 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 541 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 542 else 543 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 544 args.base = membase; 545 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 546 if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 547 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 548 if(filename) { 549 munmap(membase,fssize * sectorsize); 550 } 551 } 552 #endif 553 exit(0); 554 } 555 556 #ifdef COMPAT 557 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 558 #else 559 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 560 #endif 561 562 struct disklabel * 563 getdisklabel(s, fd) 564 char *s; 565 int fd; 566 { 567 static struct disklabel lab; 568 569 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 570 #ifdef COMPAT 571 if (disktype) { 572 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 573 574 unlabeled++; 575 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 576 if (lp == NULL) 577 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 578 return (lp); 579 } 580 #endif 581 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 582 fatal(lmsg, s); 583 } 584 return (&lab); 585 } 586 587 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp) 588 char *s; 589 int fd; 590 register struct disklabel *lp; 591 { 592 #ifdef COMPAT 593 if (unlabeled) 594 return; 595 #endif 596 lp->d_checksum = 0; 597 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 598 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 599 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 600 fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 601 } 602 #if vax 603 if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) { 604 register i; 605 int cfd; 606 daddr_t alt; 607 char specname[64]; 608 char blk[1024]; 609 char *cp; 610 611 /* 612 * Make name for 'c' partition. 613 */ 614 strcpy(specname, s); 615 cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1; 616 if (!isdigit(*cp)) 617 *cp = 'c'; 618 cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY); 619 if (cfd < 0) 620 fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno)); 621 bzero(blk, sizeof(blk)); 622 *(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp; 623 alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors; 624 for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 625 if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, 626 L_SET) == -1) 627 fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s", 628 strerror(errno)); 629 if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) 630 warn("alternate label %d write", i/2); 631 } 632 close(cfd); 633 } 634 #endif 635 } 636 637 /*VARARGS*/ 638 void 639 #if __STDC__ 640 fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 641 #else 642 fatal(fmt, va_alist) 643 char *fmt; 644 va_dcl 645 #endif 646 { 647 va_list ap; 648 649 #if __STDC__ 650 va_start(ap, fmt); 651 #else 652 va_start(ap); 653 #endif 654 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 655 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 656 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 657 closelog(); 658 } else { 659 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 660 } 661 va_end(ap); 662 exit(1); 663 /*NOTREACHED*/ 664 } 665 666 usage() 667 { 668 if (mfs) { 669 fprintf(stderr, 670 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 671 progname); 672 } else 673 fprintf(stderr, 674 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 675 progname, 676 #ifdef COMPAT 677 " [device-type]"); 678 #else 679 ""); 680 #endif 681 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 682 fprintf(stderr, 683 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 684 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 685 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 686 #ifdef COMPAT 687 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 688 #endif 689 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 690 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 691 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 692 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 693 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 694 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 695 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 696 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 697 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 698 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 699 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 700 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 701 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 702 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 703 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 704 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 705 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 706 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 707 exit(1); 708 } 709