xref: /freebsd/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision a79b71281cd63ad7a6cc43a6d5673a2510b51630)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 #if 0
36 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c	8.11 (Berkeley) 5/3/95";
37 #endif
38 static const char rcsid[] =
39   "$FreeBSD$";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #include <err.h>
43 #include <signal.h>
44 #include <string.h>
45 #include <stdio.h>
46 #include <unistd.h>
47 #include <sys/param.h>
48 #include <sys/time.h>
49 #include <sys/types.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 #include <sys/resource.h>
52 #include <sys/stat.h>
53 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
54 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
55 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
56 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
57 #include <sys/file.h>
58 #include <sys/mman.h>
59 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
60 
61 #ifndef STANDALONE
62 #include <stdlib.h>
63 #else
64 extern int atoi __P((char *));
65 extern char * getenv __P((char *));
66 #endif
67 
68 #ifdef FSIRAND
69 extern long random __P((void));
70 extern void srandomdev __P((void));
71 #endif
72 
73 /*
74  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
75  */
76 
77 /*
78  * We limit the size of the inode map to be no more than a
79  * third of the cylinder group space, since we must leave at
80  * least an equal amount of space for the block map.
81  *
82  * N.B.: MAXIPG must be a multiple of INOPB(fs).
83  */
84 #define MAXIPG(fs)	roundup((fs)->fs_bsize * NBBY / 3, INOPB(fs))
85 
86 #define UMASK		0755
87 #define MAXINOPB	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
88 #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
89 
90 /*
91  * variables set up by front end.
92  */
93 extern int	mfs;		/* run as the memory based filesystem */
94 extern char	*mfs_mtpt;	/* mount point for mfs          */
95 extern struct stat mfs_mtstat;	/* stat prior to mount          */
96 extern int	Nflag;		/* run mkfs without writing file system */
97 extern int	Oflag;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
98 extern int	fssize;		/* file system size */
99 extern int	ntracks;	/* # tracks/cylinder */
100 extern int	nsectors;	/* # sectors/track */
101 extern int	nphyssectors;	/* # sectors/track including spares */
102 extern int	secpercyl;	/* sectors per cylinder */
103 extern int	sectorsize;	/* bytes/sector */
104 extern int	realsectorsize;	/* bytes/sector in hardware*/
105 extern int	rpm;		/* revolutions/minute of drive */
106 extern int	interleave;	/* hardware sector interleave */
107 extern int	trackskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per track */
108 extern int	fsize;		/* fragment size */
109 extern int	bsize;		/* block size */
110 extern int	cpg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
111 extern int	cpgflg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
112 extern int	minfree;	/* free space threshold */
113 extern int	opt;		/* optimization preference (space or time) */
114 extern int	density;	/* number of bytes per inode */
115 extern int	maxcontig;	/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
116 extern int	rotdelay;	/* rotational delay between blocks */
117 extern int	maxbpg;		/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
118 extern int	nrpos;		/* # of distinguished rotational positions */
119 extern int	bbsize;		/* boot block size */
120 extern int	sbsize;		/* superblock size */
121 extern u_long	memleft;	/* virtual memory available */
122 extern caddr_t	membase;	/* start address of memory based filesystem */
123 extern char *	filename;
124 
125 union {
126 	struct fs fs;
127 	char pad[SBSIZE];
128 } fsun;
129 #define	sblock	fsun.fs
130 struct	csum *fscs;
131 
132 union {
133 	struct cg cg;
134 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
135 } cgun;
136 #define	acg	cgun.cg
137 
138 struct dinode zino[MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode)];
139 
140 int	fsi, fso;
141 #ifdef FSIRAND
142 int     randinit;
143 #endif
144 daddr_t	alloc();
145 long	calcipg();
146 static int charsperline();
147 void clrblock __P((struct fs *, unsigned char *, int));
148 void fsinit __P((time_t));
149 void initcg __P((int, time_t));
150 int isblock __P((struct fs *, unsigned char *, int));
151 void iput __P((struct dinode *, ino_t));
152 int makedir __P((struct direct *, int));
153 void rdfs __P((daddr_t, int, char *));
154 void setblock __P((struct fs *, unsigned char *, int));
155 void wtfs __P((daddr_t, int, char *));
156 
157 #ifndef STANDALONE
158 void get_memleft __P((void));
159 void raise_data_limit __P((void));
160 #else
161 void free __P((char *));
162 char * calloc __P((u_long, u_long));
163 caddr_t malloc __P((u_long));
164 caddr_t realloc __P((char *, u_long));
165 #endif
166 
167 int mfs_ppid = 0;
168 
169 void
170 mkfs(pp, fsys, fi, fo)
171 	struct partition *pp;
172 	char *fsys;
173 	int fi, fo;
174 {
175 	register long i, mincpc, mincpg, inospercg;
176 	long cylno, rpos, blk, j, warn = 0;
177 	long used, mincpgcnt, bpcg;
178 	off_t usedb;
179 	long mapcramped, inodecramped;
180 	long postblsize, rotblsize, totalsbsize;
181 	int status, fd;
182 	time_t utime;
183 	quad_t sizepb;
184 	void started();
185 	int width;
186 	char tmpbuf[100];	/* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
187 
188 #ifndef STANDALONE
189 	time(&utime);
190 #endif
191 #ifdef FSIRAND
192 	if (!randinit) {
193 		randinit = 1;
194 		srandomdev();
195 	}
196 #endif
197 	if (mfs) {
198 		mfs_ppid = getpid();
199 		(void) signal(SIGUSR1, started);
200 		if ((i = fork())) {
201 			if (i == -1)
202 				err(10, "mfs");
203 			if (waitpid(i, &status, 0) != -1 && WIFEXITED(status))
204 				exit(WEXITSTATUS(status));
205 			exit(11);
206 			/* NOTREACHED */
207 		}
208 #ifdef STANDALONE
209 		(void)malloc(0);
210 #else
211 		raise_data_limit();
212 #endif
213 		if(filename) {
214 			unsigned char buf[BUFSIZ];
215 			unsigned long l,l1;
216 			fd = open(filename,O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT,0644);
217 			if(fd < 0)
218 				err(12, "%s", filename);
219 			for(l=0;l< fssize * sectorsize;l += l1) {
220 				l1 = fssize * sectorsize;
221 				if (BUFSIZ < l1)
222 					l1 = BUFSIZ;
223 				if (l1 != write(fd,buf,l1))
224 					err(12, "%s", filename);
225 			}
226 			membase = mmap(
227 				0,
228 				fssize * sectorsize,
229 				PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
230 				MAP_SHARED,
231 				fd,
232 				0);
233 			if(membase == MAP_FAILED)
234 				err(12, "mmap");
235 			close(fd);
236 		} else {
237 #ifndef STANDALONE
238 			get_memleft();
239 #endif
240 			if (fssize * sectorsize > (memleft - 131072))
241 				fssize = (memleft - 131072) / sectorsize;
242 			if ((membase = malloc(fssize * sectorsize)) == NULL)
243 				errx(13, "malloc failed");
244 		}
245 	}
246 	fsi = fi;
247 	fso = fo;
248 	if (Oflag) {
249 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
250 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
251 	} else {
252 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
253 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN;
254 	}
255 	/*
256 	 * Validate the given file system size.
257 	 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
258 	 */
259 	if (fssize <= 0)
260 		printf("preposterous size %d\n", fssize), exit(13);
261 	wtfs(fssize - (realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), realsectorsize,
262 		 (char *)&sblock);
263 	/*
264 	 * collect and verify the sector and track info
265 	 */
266 	sblock.fs_nsect = nsectors;
267 	sblock.fs_ntrak = ntracks;
268 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0)
269 		printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(14);
270 	if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0)
271 		printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(15);
272 	/*
273 	 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
274 	 */
275 	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
276 	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
277 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
278 		printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
279 		    sblock.fs_bsize);
280 		exit(16);
281 	}
282 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
283 		printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
284 		    sblock.fs_fsize);
285 		exit(17);
286 	}
287 	if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
288 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
289 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
290 		exit(18);
291 	}
292 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
293 		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
294 		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
295 		exit(19);
296 	}
297 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
298 		printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
299 		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
300 		exit(20);
301 	}
302 	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
303 	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
304 	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
305 	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
306 	for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
307 		sblock.fs_bshift++;
308 	for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
309 		sblock.fs_fshift++;
310 	sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
311 	for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
312 		sblock.fs_fragshift++;
313 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
314 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
315 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
316 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
317 		exit(21);
318 	}
319 	sblock.fs_nrpos = nrpos;
320 	sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(daddr_t);
321 	sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct dinode);
322 	sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
323 	for (sblock.fs_fsbtodb = 0, i = NSPF(&sblock); i > 1; i >>= 1)
324 		sblock.fs_fsbtodb++;
325 	sblock.fs_sblkno =
326 	    roundup(howmany(bbsize + sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
327 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
328 	    roundup(howmany(sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
329 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
330 	sblock.fs_cgoffset = roundup(
331 	    howmany(sblock.fs_nsect, NSPF(&sblock)), sblock.fs_frag);
332 	for (sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff, i = sblock.fs_ntrak; i > 1; i >>= 1)
333 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
334 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_ntrak))
335 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
336 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
337 	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
338 		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
339 		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
340 	}
341 	/*
342 	 * Validate specified/determined secpercyl
343 	 * and calculate minimum cylinders per group.
344 	 */
345 	sblock.fs_spc = secpercyl;
346 	for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
347 	     sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
348 	     sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
349 		/* void */;
350 	mincpc = sblock.fs_cpc;
351 	bpcg = sblock.fs_spc * sectorsize;
352 	inospercg = roundup(bpcg / sizeof(struct dinode), INOPB(&sblock));
353 	if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock))
354 		inospercg = MAXIPG(&sblock);
355 	used = (sblock.fs_iblkno + inospercg / INOPF(&sblock)) * NSPF(&sblock);
356 	mincpgcnt = howmany(sblock.fs_cgoffset * (~sblock.fs_cgmask) + used,
357 	    sblock.fs_spc);
358 	mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
359 	/*
360 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space
361 	 * for block maps.
362 	 */
363 	sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
364 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
365 	if (maxcontig > 1)
366 		sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(maxcontig, FS_MAXCONTIG);
367 	mapcramped = 0;
368 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
369 		mapcramped = 1;
370 		if (sblock.fs_bsize < MAXBSIZE) {
371 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
372 			if ((i & 1) == 0) {
373 				i >>= 1;
374 			} else {
375 				sblock.fs_cpc <<= 1;
376 				mincpc <<= 1;
377 				mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
378 				sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
379 			}
380 			sblock.fs_frag <<= 1;
381 			sblock.fs_fragshift += 1;
382 			if (sblock.fs_frag <= MAXFRAG)
383 				continue;
384 		}
385 		if (sblock.fs_fsize == sblock.fs_bsize) {
386 			printf("There is no block size that");
387 			printf(" can support this disk\n");
388 			exit(22);
389 		}
390 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
391 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
392 		sblock.fs_fsize <<= 1;
393 		sblock.fs_nspf <<= 1;
394 	}
395 	/*
396 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space for inodes.
397 	 */
398 	inodecramped = 0;
399 	inospercg = calcipg(mincpg, bpcg, &usedb);
400 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
401 	while (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
402 		inodecramped = 1;
403 		if (mincpc == 1 || sblock.fs_frag == 1 ||
404 		    sblock.fs_bsize == MINBSIZE)
405 			break;
406 		printf("With a block size of %d %s %d\n", sblock.fs_bsize,
407 		       "minimum bytes per inode is",
408 		       (int)((mincpg * (off_t)bpcg - usedb)
409 			     / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1));
410 		sblock.fs_bsize >>= 1;
411 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
412 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
413 		mincpc >>= 1;
414 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
415 		if (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
416 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
417 			break;
418 		}
419 		mincpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
420 		inospercg = calcipg(mincpg, bpcg, &usedb);
421 		sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
422 	}
423 	if (inodecramped) {
424 		if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
425 			printf("Minimum bytes per inode is %d\n",
426 			       (int)((mincpg * (off_t)bpcg - usedb)
427 				     / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1));
428 		} else if (!mapcramped) {
429 			printf("With %d bytes per inode, ", density);
430 			printf("minimum cylinders per group is %ld\n", mincpg);
431 		}
432 	}
433 	if (mapcramped) {
434 		printf("With %d sectors per cylinder, ", sblock.fs_spc);
435 		printf("minimum cylinders per group is %ld\n", mincpg);
436 	}
437 	if (inodecramped || mapcramped) {
438 		if (sblock.fs_bsize != bsize)
439 			printf("%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
440 			    "This requires the block size",
441 			    bsize, sblock.fs_bsize);
442 		if (sblock.fs_fsize != fsize)
443 			printf("\t%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
444 			    "and the fragment size",
445 			    fsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
446 		exit(23);
447 	}
448 	/*
449 	 * Calculate the number of cylinders per group
450 	 */
451 	sblock.fs_cpg = cpg;
452 	if (sblock.fs_cpg % mincpc != 0) {
453 		printf("%s groups must have a multiple of %ld cylinders\n",
454 			cpgflg ? "Cylinder" : "Warning: cylinder", mincpc);
455 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(sblock.fs_cpg, mincpc);
456 		if (!cpgflg)
457 			cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
458 	}
459 	/*
460 	 * Must ensure there is enough space for inodes.
461 	 */
462 	sblock.fs_ipg = calcipg(sblock.fs_cpg, bpcg, &usedb);
463 	while (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
464 		inodecramped = 1;
465 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
466 		sblock.fs_ipg = calcipg(sblock.fs_cpg, bpcg, &usedb);
467 	}
468 	/*
469 	 * Must ensure there is enough space to hold block map.
470 	 */
471 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
472 		mapcramped = 1;
473 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
474 		sblock.fs_ipg = calcipg(sblock.fs_cpg, bpcg, &usedb);
475 	}
476 	sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
477 	if ((sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) % NSPB(&sblock) != 0) {
478 		printf("panic (fs_cpg * fs_spc) %% NSPF != 0");
479 		exit(24);
480 	}
481 	if (sblock.fs_cpg < mincpg) {
482 		printf("cylinder groups must have at least %ld cylinders\n",
483 			mincpg);
484 		exit(25);
485 	} else if (sblock.fs_cpg != cpg) {
486 		if (!cpgflg)
487 			printf("Warning: ");
488 		else if (!mapcramped && !inodecramped)
489 			exit(26);
490 		if (mapcramped && inodecramped)
491 			printf("Block size and bytes per inode restrict");
492 		else if (mapcramped)
493 			printf("Block size restricts");
494 		else
495 			printf("Bytes per inode restrict");
496 		printf(" cylinders per group to %d.\n", sblock.fs_cpg);
497 		if (cpgflg)
498 			exit(27);
499 	}
500 	sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
501 	/*
502 	 * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak.
503 	 * Determine number of cylinders and blocks in the file system.
504 	 */
505 	sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
506 	sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
507 	if (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
508 		sblock.fs_ncyl++;
509 		warn = 1;
510 	}
511 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
512 		printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
513 		exit(28);
514 	}
515 	/*
516 	 * Determine feasability/values of rotational layout tables.
517 	 *
518 	 * The size of the rotational layout tables is limited by the
519 	 * size of the superblock, SBSIZE. The amount of space available
520 	 * for tables is calculated as (SBSIZE - sizeof (struct fs)).
521 	 * The size of these tables is inversely proportional to the block
522 	 * size of the file system. The size increases if sectors per track
523 	 * are not powers of two, because more cylinders must be described
524 	 * by the tables before the rotational pattern repeats (fs_cpc).
525 	 */
526 	sblock.fs_interleave = interleave;
527 	sblock.fs_trackskew = trackskew;
528 	sblock.fs_npsect = nphyssectors;
529 	sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
530 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
531 	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBSIZE)
532 		sblock.fs_sbsize = SBSIZE;
533 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak == 1) {
534 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
535 		goto next;
536 	}
537 	postblsize = sblock.fs_nrpos * sblock.fs_cpc * sizeof(int16_t);
538 	rotblsize = sblock.fs_cpc * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock);
539 	totalsbsize = sizeof(struct fs) + rotblsize;
540 	if (sblock.fs_nrpos == 8 && sblock.fs_cpc <= 16) {
541 		/* use old static table space */
542 		sblock.fs_postbloff = (char *)(&sblock.fs_opostbl[0][0]) -
543 		    (char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
544 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
545 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
546 	} else {
547 		/* use dynamic table space */
548 		sblock.fs_postbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
549 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
550 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = sblock.fs_postbloff + postblsize;
551 		totalsbsize += postblsize;
552 	}
553 	if (totalsbsize > SBSIZE ||
554 	    sblock.fs_nsect > (1 << NBBY) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
555 		printf("%s %s %d %s %d.%s",
556 		    "Warning: insufficient space in super block for\n",
557 		    "rotational layout tables with nsect", sblock.fs_nsect,
558 		    "and ntrak", sblock.fs_ntrak,
559 		    "\nFile system performance may be impaired.\n");
560 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
561 		goto next;
562 	}
563 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, totalsbsize);
564 	if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBSIZE)
565 		sblock.fs_sbsize = SBSIZE;
566 	/*
567 	 * calculate the available blocks for each rotational position
568 	 */
569 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_cpc; cylno++)
570 		for (rpos = 0; rpos < sblock.fs_nrpos; rpos++)
571 			fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = -1;
572 	for (i = (rotblsize - 1) * sblock.fs_frag;
573 	     i >= 0; i -= sblock.fs_frag) {
574 		cylno = cbtocylno(&sblock, i);
575 		rpos = cbtorpos(&sblock, i);
576 		blk = fragstoblks(&sblock, i);
577 		if (fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] == -1)
578 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] = 0;
579 		else
580 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] =
581 			    fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] - blk;
582 		fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = blk;
583 	}
584 next:
585 	/*
586 	 * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups.
587 	 */
588 	sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg;
589 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg)
590 		sblock.fs_ncg++;
591 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
592 	i = MIN(~sblock.fs_cgmask, sblock.fs_ncg - 1);
593 	if (cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
594 		printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%ld) >= data blocks (%ld)\n",
595 		    cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) / sblock.fs_frag,
596 		    (long)(sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag));
597 		printf("number of cylinders per cylinder group (%d) %s.\n",
598 		    sblock.fs_cpg, "must be increased");
599 		exit(29);
600 	}
601 	j = sblock.fs_ncg - 1;
602 	if ((i = fssize - j * sblock.fs_fpg) < sblock.fs_fpg &&
603 	    cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j) > i) {
604 		if (j == 0) {
605 			printf("Filesystem must have at least %d sectors\n",
606 			    NSPF(&sblock) *
607 			    (cgdmin(&sblock, 0) + 3 * sblock.fs_frag));
608 			exit(30);
609 		}
610 		printf(
611 "Warning: inode blocks/cyl group (%ld) >= data blocks (%ld) in last\n",
612 		    (cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j)) / sblock.fs_frag,
613 		    i / sblock.fs_frag);
614 		printf(
615 "    cylinder group. This implies %ld sector(s) cannot be allocated.\n",
616 		    i * NSPF(&sblock));
617 		sblock.fs_ncg--;
618 		sblock.fs_ncyl -= sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
619 		sblock.fs_size = fssize = sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc /
620 		    NSPF(&sblock);
621 		warn = 0;
622 	}
623 	if (warn && !mfs) {
624 		printf("Warning: %d sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
625 		    sblock.fs_spc -
626 		    (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - (sblock.fs_ncyl - 1)
627 		    * sblock.fs_spc));
628 	}
629 	/*
630 	 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
631 	 */
632 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
633 	sblock.fs_cssize =
634 	    fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
635 	i = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct csum);
636 	sblock.fs_csmask = ~(i - 1);
637 	for (sblock.fs_csshift = 0; i > 1; i >>= 1)
638 		sblock.fs_csshift++;
639 	fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
640 	if (fscs == NULL)
641 		errx(31, "calloc failed");
642 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
643 	sblock.fs_rotdelay = rotdelay;
644 	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
645 	sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
646 	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
647 	sblock.fs_rps = rpm / 60;
648 	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
649 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
650 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
651 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
652 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
653 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
654 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
655 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
656 	sblock.fs_clean = 1;
657 #ifdef FSIRAND
658 	sblock.fs_id[0] = (long)utime;
659 	sblock.fs_id[1] = random();
660 #endif
661 
662 	/*
663 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
664 	 */
665 	if (!mfs) {
666 		printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d %s of %d tracks, %d sectors\n",
667 		    fsys, sblock.fs_size * NSPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_ncyl,
668 		    "cylinders", sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect);
669 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
670 		printf("\t%.1fMB in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMB/g, %d i/g)\n",
671 		    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
672 		    sblock.fs_ncg, sblock.fs_cpg,
673 		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
674 		    sblock.fs_ipg);
675 #undef B2MBFACTOR
676 	}
677 	/*
678 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
679 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
680 	 */
681 	if (!mfs)
682 		printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
683 	i = 0;
684 	width = charsperline();
685 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
686 		initcg(cylno, utime);
687 		if (mfs)
688 			continue;
689 		j = sprintf(tmpbuf, " %ld%s",
690 		    fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
691 		    cylno < (sblock.fs_ncg-1) ? "," : "" );
692 		if (i + j >= width) {
693 			printf("\n");
694 			i = 0;
695 		}
696 		i += j;
697 		printf("%s", tmpbuf);
698 		fflush(stdout);
699 	}
700 	if (!mfs)
701 		printf("\n");
702 	if (Nflag && !mfs)
703 		exit(0);
704 	/*
705 	 * Now construct the initial file system,
706 	 * then write out the super-block.
707 	 */
708 	fsinit(utime);
709 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
710 	wtfs((int)SBOFF / sectorsize, sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
711 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
712 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
713 			sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
714 			    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
715 			((char *)fscs) + i);
716 	/*
717 	 * Write out the duplicate super blocks
718 	 */
719 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
720 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
721 		    sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
722 	/*
723 	 * Update information about this partion in pack
724 	 * label, to that it may be updated on disk.
725 	 */
726 	pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
727 	pp->p_fsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
728 	pp->p_frag = sblock.fs_frag;
729 	pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
730 	/*
731 	 * Notify parent process of success.
732 	 * Dissociate from session and tty.
733 	 */
734 	if (mfs) {
735 		kill(mfs_ppid, SIGUSR1);
736 		(void) setsid();
737 		(void) close(0);
738 		(void) close(1);
739 		(void) close(2);
740 		(void) chdir("/");
741 	}
742 }
743 
744 /*
745  * Initialize a cylinder group.
746  */
747 void
748 initcg(cylno, utime)
749 	int cylno;
750 	time_t utime;
751 {
752 	daddr_t cbase, d, dlower, dupper, dmax, blkno;
753 	long i;
754 	register struct csum *cs;
755 #ifdef FSIRAND
756 	long j;
757 #endif
758 
759 	/*
760 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
761 	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
762 	 * cylinder group.
763 	 */
764 	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
765 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
766 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
767 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
768 	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
769 	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
770 	if (cylno == 0)
771 		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
772 	cs = fscs + cylno;
773 	memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
774 	acg.cg_time = utime;
775 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
776 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
777 	if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
778 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
779 	else
780 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
781 	acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
782 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
783 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
784 		acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
785 	acg.cg_btotoff = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
786 	acg.cg_boff = acg.cg_btotoff + sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
787 	acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_boff +
788 		sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_nrpos * sizeof(u_int16_t);
789 	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, NBBY);
790 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
791 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
792 		   howmany(sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY);
793 	} else {
794 		acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany
795 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY) -
796 		    sizeof(u_int32_t);
797 		acg.cg_clustersumoff =
798 		    roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(u_int32_t));
799 		acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
800 		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(u_int32_t);
801 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff + howmany
802 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock), NBBY);
803 	}
804 	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff - (long)(&acg.cg_firstfield) > sblock.fs_cgsize) {
805 		printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
806 		exit(37);
807 	}
808 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
809 	if (cylno == 0)
810 		for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
811 			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
812 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
813 		}
814 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock); i += sblock.fs_frag) {
815 #ifdef FSIRAND
816 		for (j = 0; j < sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct dinode); j++)
817 			zino[j].di_gen = random();
818 #endif
819 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
820 		    sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)zino);
821 	}
822 	if (cylno > 0) {
823 		/*
824 		 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
825 		 * for boot and super blocks.
826 		 */
827 		for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
828 			blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
829 			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
830 			if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
831 				setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
832 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
833 			cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
834 			cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
835 			    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
836 		}
837 		sblock.fs_dsize += dlower;
838 	}
839 	sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dupper;
840 	if ((i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) {
841 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
842 		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
843 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
844 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
845 		}
846 	}
847 	for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= dmax - cbase; ) {
848 		blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
849 		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
850 		if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
851 			setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
852 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
853 		cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
854 		cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
855 		    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
856 		d += sblock.fs_frag;
857 	}
858 	if (d < dmax - cbase) {
859 		acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
860 		for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
861 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
862 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
863 		}
864 	}
865 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
866 		int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg);
867 		u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg);
868 		int map = *mapp++;
869 		int bit = 1;
870 		int run = 0;
871 
872 		for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
873 			if ((map & bit) != 0) {
874 				run++;
875 			} else if (run != 0) {
876 				if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
877 					run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
878 				sump[run]++;
879 				run = 0;
880 			}
881 			if ((i & (NBBY - 1)) != (NBBY - 1)) {
882 				bit <<= 1;
883 			} else {
884 				map = *mapp++;
885 				bit = 1;
886 			}
887 		}
888 		if (run != 0) {
889 			if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
890 				run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
891 			sump[run]++;
892 		}
893 	}
894 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
895 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
896 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
897 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree;
898 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
899 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, cylno)),
900 		sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&acg);
901 }
902 
903 /*
904  * initialize the file system
905  */
906 struct dinode node;
907 
908 #ifdef LOSTDIR
909 #define PREDEFDIR 3
910 #else
911 #define PREDEFDIR 2
912 #endif
913 
914 struct direct root_dir[] = {
915 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
916 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
917 #ifdef LOSTDIR
918 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found" },
919 #endif
920 };
921 struct odirect {
922 	u_long	d_ino;
923 	u_short	d_reclen;
924 	u_short	d_namlen;
925 	u_char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];
926 } oroot_dir[] = {
927 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
928 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
929 #ifdef LOSTDIR
930 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 10, "lost+found" },
931 #endif
932 };
933 #ifdef LOSTDIR
934 struct direct lost_found_dir[] = {
935 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
936 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
937 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0, 0 },
938 };
939 struct odirect olost_found_dir[] = {
940 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
941 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
942 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0 },
943 };
944 #endif
945 char buf[MAXBSIZE];
946 
947 void
948 fsinit(utime)
949 	time_t utime;
950 {
951 #ifdef LOSTDIR
952 	int i;
953 #endif
954 
955 	/*
956 	 * initialize the node
957 	 */
958 	node.di_atime = utime;
959 	node.di_mtime = utime;
960 	node.di_ctime = utime;
961 #ifdef LOSTDIR
962 	/*
963 	 * create the lost+found directory
964 	 */
965 	if (Oflag) {
966 		(void)makedir((struct direct *)olost_found_dir, 2);
967 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
968 			memmove(&buf[i], &olost_found_dir[2],
969 			    DIRSIZ(0, &olost_found_dir[2]));
970 	} else {
971 		(void)makedir(lost_found_dir, 2);
972 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
973 			memmove(&buf[i], &lost_found_dir[2],
974 			    DIRSIZ(0, &lost_found_dir[2]));
975 	}
976 	node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
977 	node.di_nlink = 2;
978 	node.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
979 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(node.di_size, node.di_mode);
980 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
981 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), node.di_size, buf);
982 	iput(&node, LOSTFOUNDINO);
983 #endif
984 	/*
985 	 * create the root directory
986 	 */
987 	if (mfs)
988 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | 01777;
989 	else
990 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
991 	node.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
992 	if (Oflag)
993 		node.di_size = makedir((struct direct *)oroot_dir, PREDEFDIR);
994 	else
995 		node.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
996 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.di_mode);
997 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
998 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, buf);
999 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
1000 }
1001 
1002 /*
1003  * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
1004  * return size of directory.
1005  */
1006 int
1007 makedir(protodir, entries)
1008 	register struct direct *protodir;
1009 	int entries;
1010 {
1011 	char *cp;
1012 	int i, spcleft;
1013 
1014 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
1015 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
1016 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
1017 		memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
1018 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
1019 		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
1020 	}
1021 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
1022 	memmove(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
1023 	return (DIRBLKSIZ);
1024 }
1025 
1026 /*
1027  * allocate a block or frag
1028  */
1029 daddr_t
1030 alloc(size, mode)
1031 	int size;
1032 	int mode;
1033 {
1034 	int i, frag;
1035 	daddr_t d, blkno;
1036 
1037 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1038 	    (char *)&acg);
1039 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1040 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1041 		return (0);
1042 	}
1043 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
1044 		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
1045 		return (0);
1046 	}
1047 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
1048 		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
1049 			goto goth;
1050 	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
1051 	return (0);
1052 goth:
1053 	blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
1054 	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
1055 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
1056 		clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
1057 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
1058 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
1059 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
1060 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
1061 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
1062 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
1063 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
1064 	}
1065 	cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]--;
1066 	cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))[cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
1067 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
1068 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
1069 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1070 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1071 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1072 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
1073 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
1074 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
1075 	}
1076 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1077 	    (char *)&acg);
1078 	return (d);
1079 }
1080 
1081 /*
1082  * Calculate number of inodes per group.
1083  */
1084 long
1085 calcipg(cpg, bpcg, usedbp)
1086 	long cpg;
1087 	long bpcg;
1088 	off_t *usedbp;
1089 {
1090 	int i;
1091 	long ipg, new_ipg, ncg, ncyl;
1092 	off_t usedb;
1093 
1094 	/*
1095 	 * Prepare to scale by fssize / (number of sectors in cylinder groups).
1096 	 * Note that fssize is still in sectors, not filesystem blocks.
1097 	 */
1098 	ncyl = howmany(fssize, (u_int)secpercyl);
1099 	ncg = howmany(ncyl, cpg);
1100 	/*
1101 	 * Iterate a few times to allow for ipg depending on itself.
1102 	 */
1103 	ipg = 0;
1104 	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
1105 		usedb = (sblock.fs_iblkno + ipg / INOPF(&sblock))
1106 			* NSPF(&sblock) * (off_t)sectorsize;
1107 		new_ipg = (cpg * (quad_t)bpcg - usedb) / density * fssize
1108 			  / ncg / secpercyl / cpg;
1109 		new_ipg = roundup(new_ipg, INOPB(&sblock));
1110 		if (new_ipg == ipg)
1111 			break;
1112 		ipg = new_ipg;
1113 	}
1114 	*usedbp = usedb;
1115 	return (ipg);
1116 }
1117 
1118 /*
1119  * Allocate an inode on the disk
1120  */
1121 void
1122 iput(ip, ino)
1123 	register struct dinode *ip;
1124 	register ino_t ino;
1125 {
1126 	struct dinode buf[MAXINOPB];
1127 	daddr_t d;
1128 	int c;
1129 
1130 #ifdef FSIRAND
1131 	ip->di_gen = random();
1132 #endif
1133 	c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino);
1134 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1135 	    (char *)&acg);
1136 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1137 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1138 		exit(31);
1139 	}
1140 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
1141 	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
1142 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1143 	    (char *)&acg);
1144 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1145 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
1146 	if (ino >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
1147 		printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n", ino);
1148 		exit(32);
1149 	}
1150 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
1151 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)buf);
1152 	buf[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] = *ip;
1153 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)buf);
1154 }
1155 
1156 /*
1157  * Notify parent process that the filesystem has created itself successfully.
1158  *
1159  * We have to wait until the mount has actually completed!
1160  */
1161 void
1162 started()
1163 {
1164 	int retry = 100;	/* 10 seconds, 100ms */
1165 
1166 	while (mfs_ppid && retry) {
1167 		struct stat st;
1168 
1169 		if (
1170 		    stat(mfs_mtpt, &st) < 0 ||
1171 		    st.st_dev != mfs_mtstat.st_dev
1172 		) {
1173 			break;
1174 		}
1175 		usleep(100*1000);
1176 		--retry;
1177 	}
1178 	if (retry == 0) {
1179 		fatal("mfs mount failed waiting for mount to go active");
1180 	}
1181 	exit(0);
1182 }
1183 
1184 #ifdef STANDALONE
1185 /*
1186  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1187  */
1188 caddr_t
1189 malloc(size)
1190 	register u_long size;
1191 {
1192 	char *base, *i;
1193 	static u_long pgsz;
1194 	struct rlimit rlp;
1195 
1196 	if (pgsz == 0) {
1197 		base = sbrk(0);
1198 		pgsz = getpagesize() - 1;
1199 		i = (char *)((u_long)(base + pgsz) &~ pgsz);
1200 		base = sbrk(i - base);
1201 		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1202 			warn("getrlimit");
1203 		rlp.rlim_cur = rlp.rlim_max;
1204 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1205 			warn("setrlimit");
1206 		memleft = rlp.rlim_max - (u_long)base;
1207 	}
1208 	size = (size + pgsz) &~ pgsz;
1209 	if (size > memleft)
1210 		size = memleft;
1211 	memleft -= size;
1212 	if (size == 0)
1213 		return (0);
1214 	return ((caddr_t)sbrk(size));
1215 }
1216 
1217 /*
1218  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1219  */
1220 caddr_t
1221 realloc(ptr, size)
1222 	char *ptr;
1223 	u_long size;
1224 {
1225 	void *p;
1226 
1227 	if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
1228 		return (NULL);
1229 	memmove(p, ptr, size);
1230 	free(ptr);
1231 	return (p);
1232 }
1233 
1234 /*
1235  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1236  */
1237 char *
1238 calloc(size, numelm)
1239 	u_long size, numelm;
1240 {
1241 	caddr_t base;
1242 
1243 	size *= numelm;
1244 	if ((base = malloc(size)) == NULL)
1245 		return (NULL);
1246 	memset(base, 0, size);
1247 	return (base);
1248 }
1249 
1250 /*
1251  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1252  */
1253 void
1254 free(ptr)
1255 	char *ptr;
1256 {
1257 
1258 	/* do not worry about it for now */
1259 }
1260 
1261 #else   /* !STANDALONE */
1262 
1263 void
1264 raise_data_limit()
1265 {
1266 	struct rlimit rlp;
1267 
1268 	if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1269 		warn("getrlimit");
1270 	rlp.rlim_cur = rlp.rlim_max;
1271 	if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1272 		warn("setrlimit");
1273 }
1274 
1275 #ifdef __ELF__
1276 extern char *_etext;
1277 #define etext _etext
1278 #else
1279 extern char *etext;
1280 #endif
1281 
1282 void
1283 get_memleft()
1284 {
1285 	static u_long pgsz;
1286 	struct rlimit rlp;
1287 	u_long freestart;
1288 	u_long dstart;
1289 	u_long memused;
1290 
1291 	pgsz = getpagesize() - 1;
1292 	dstart = ((u_long)&etext) &~ pgsz;
1293 	freestart = ((u_long)(sbrk(0) + pgsz) &~ pgsz);
1294 	if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1295 		warn("getrlimit");
1296 	memused = freestart - dstart;
1297 	memleft = rlp.rlim_cur - memused;
1298 }
1299 #endif  /* STANDALONE */
1300 
1301 /*
1302  * read a block from the file system
1303  */
1304 void
1305 rdfs(bno, size, bf)
1306 	daddr_t bno;
1307 	int size;
1308 	char *bf;
1309 {
1310 	int n;
1311 
1312 	if (mfs) {
1313 		memmove(bf, membase + bno * sectorsize, size);
1314 		return;
1315 	}
1316 	if (lseek(fsi, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, 0) < 0) {
1317 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", (long)bno);
1318 		err(33, "rdfs");
1319 	}
1320 	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
1321 	if (n != size) {
1322 		printf("read error: %ld\n", (long)bno);
1323 		err(34, "rdfs");
1324 	}
1325 }
1326 
1327 /*
1328  * write a block to the file system
1329  */
1330 void
1331 wtfs(bno, size, bf)
1332 	daddr_t bno;
1333 	int size;
1334 	char *bf;
1335 {
1336 	int n;
1337 
1338 	if (mfs) {
1339 		memmove(membase + bno * sectorsize, bf, size);
1340 		return;
1341 	}
1342 	if (Nflag)
1343 		return;
1344 	if (lseek(fso, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1345 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", (long)bno);
1346 		err(35, "wtfs");
1347 	}
1348 	n = write(fso, bf, size);
1349 	if (n != size) {
1350 		printf("write error: %ld\n", (long)bno);
1351 		err(36, "wtfs");
1352 	}
1353 }
1354 
1355 /*
1356  * check if a block is available
1357  */
1358 int
1359 isblock(fs, cp, h)
1360 	struct fs *fs;
1361 	unsigned char *cp;
1362 	int h;
1363 {
1364 	unsigned char mask;
1365 
1366 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1367 	case 8:
1368 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1369 	case 4:
1370 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1371 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1372 	case 2:
1373 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1374 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1375 	case 1:
1376 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1377 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1378 	default:
1379 #ifdef STANDALONE
1380 		printf("isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1381 #else
1382 		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1383 #endif
1384 		return (0);
1385 	}
1386 }
1387 
1388 /*
1389  * take a block out of the map
1390  */
1391 void
1392 clrblock(fs, cp, h)
1393 	struct fs *fs;
1394 	unsigned char *cp;
1395 	int h;
1396 {
1397 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1398 	case 8:
1399 		cp[h] = 0;
1400 		return;
1401 	case 4:
1402 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1403 		return;
1404 	case 2:
1405 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1406 		return;
1407 	case 1:
1408 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1409 		return;
1410 	default:
1411 #ifdef STANDALONE
1412 		printf("clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1413 #else
1414 		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1415 #endif
1416 		return;
1417 	}
1418 }
1419 
1420 /*
1421  * put a block into the map
1422  */
1423 void
1424 setblock(fs, cp, h)
1425 	struct fs *fs;
1426 	unsigned char *cp;
1427 	int h;
1428 {
1429 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1430 	case 8:
1431 		cp[h] = 0xff;
1432 		return;
1433 	case 4:
1434 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1435 		return;
1436 	case 2:
1437 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1438 		return;
1439 	case 1:
1440 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1441 		return;
1442 	default:
1443 #ifdef STANDALONE
1444 		printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1445 #else
1446 		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1447 #endif
1448 		return;
1449 	}
1450 }
1451 
1452 /*
1453  * Determine the number of characters in a
1454  * single line.
1455  */
1456 
1457 static int
1458 charsperline()
1459 {
1460 	int columns;
1461 	char *cp;
1462 	struct winsize ws;
1463 
1464 	columns = 0;
1465 	if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1)
1466 		columns = ws.ws_col;
1467 	if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS")))
1468 		columns = atoi(cp);
1469 	if (columns == 0)
1470 		columns = 80;	/* last resort */
1471 	return columns;
1472 }
1473