xref: /freebsd/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision 3e0f6b97b257a96f7275e4442204263e44b16686)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 2/3/94";
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #include <unistd.h>
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41 #include <sys/wait.h>
42 #include <sys/resource.h>
43 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
44 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
45 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
46 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
47 #include <sys/file.h>
48 #include <sys/mman.h>
49 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
50 
51 #ifndef STANDALONE
52 #include <a.out.h>
53 #include <stdio.h>
54 #endif
55 
56 /*
57  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
58  */
59 
60 /*
61  * We limit the size of the inode map to be no more than a
62  * third of the cylinder group space, since we must leave at
63  * least an equal amount of space for the block map.
64  *
65  * N.B.: MAXIPG must be a multiple of INOPB(fs).
66  */
67 #define MAXIPG(fs)	roundup((fs)->fs_bsize * NBBY / 3, INOPB(fs))
68 
69 #define UMASK		0755
70 #define MAXINOPB	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
71 #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
72 
73 /*
74  * variables set up by front end.
75  */
76 extern int	mfs;		/* run as the memory based filesystem */
77 extern int	Nflag;		/* run mkfs without writing file system */
78 extern int	Oflag;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
79 extern int	fssize;		/* file system size */
80 extern int	ntracks;	/* # tracks/cylinder */
81 extern int	nsectors;	/* # sectors/track */
82 extern int	nphyssectors;	/* # sectors/track including spares */
83 extern int	secpercyl;	/* sectors per cylinder */
84 extern int	sectorsize;	/* bytes/sector */
85 extern int	realsectorsize;	/* bytes/sector in hardware*/
86 extern int	rpm;		/* revolutions/minute of drive */
87 extern int	interleave;	/* hardware sector interleave */
88 extern int	trackskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per track */
89 extern int	headswitch;	/* head switch time, usec */
90 extern int	trackseek;	/* track-to-track seek, usec */
91 extern int	fsize;		/* fragment size */
92 extern int	bsize;		/* block size */
93 extern int	cpg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
94 extern int	cpgflg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
95 extern int	minfree;	/* free space threshold */
96 extern int	opt;		/* optimization preference (space or time) */
97 extern int	density;	/* number of bytes per inode */
98 extern int	maxcontig;	/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
99 extern int	rotdelay;	/* rotational delay between blocks */
100 extern int	maxbpg;		/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
101 extern int	nrpos;		/* # of distinguished rotational positions */
102 extern int	bbsize;		/* boot block size */
103 extern int	sbsize;		/* superblock size */
104 extern u_long	memleft;	/* virtual memory available */
105 extern caddr_t	membase;	/* start address of memory based filesystem */
106 extern caddr_t	malloc(), calloc();
107 extern char *	filename;
108 
109 union {
110 	struct fs fs;
111 	char pad[SBSIZE];
112 } fsun;
113 #define	sblock	fsun.fs
114 struct	csum *fscs;
115 
116 union {
117 	struct cg cg;
118 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
119 } cgun;
120 #define	acg	cgun.cg
121 
122 struct dinode zino[MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode)];
123 
124 int	fsi, fso;
125 daddr_t	alloc();
126 static int charsperline();
127 
128 mkfs(pp, fsys, fi, fo)
129 	struct partition *pp;
130 	char *fsys;
131 	int fi, fo;
132 {
133 	register long i, mincpc, mincpg, inospercg;
134 	long cylno, rpos, blk, j, warn = 0;
135 	long used, mincpgcnt, bpcg;
136 	long mapcramped, inodecramped;
137 	long postblsize, rotblsize, totalsbsize;
138 	int ppid, status, fd;
139 	time_t utime;
140 	quad_t sizepb;
141 	void started();
142 	int width;
143 	char tmpbuf[100];	/* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
144 
145 #ifndef STANDALONE
146 	time(&utime);
147 #endif
148 	if (mfs) {
149 		ppid = getpid();
150 		(void) signal(SIGUSR1, started);
151 		if (i = fork()) {
152 			if (i == -1) {
153 				perror("mfs");
154 				exit(10);
155 			}
156 			if (waitpid(i, &status, 0) != -1 && WIFEXITED(status))
157 				exit(WEXITSTATUS(status));
158 			exit(11);
159 			/* NOTREACHED */
160 		}
161 		(void)malloc(0);
162 		if(filename) {
163 			unsigned char buf[BUFSIZ];
164 			unsigned long l,l1;
165 			fd = open(filename,O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT,0644);
166 			if(fd < 0) {
167 				perror(filename);
168 				exit(12);
169 			}
170 			for(l=0;l< fssize * sectorsize;l += l1) {
171 				l1 = fssize * sectorsize;
172 				if (BUFSIZ < l1)
173 					l1 = BUFSIZ;
174 				if (l1 != write(fd,buf,l1)) {
175 					perror(filename);
176 					exit(12);
177 				}
178 			}
179 			membase = mmap(
180 				0,
181 				fssize * sectorsize,
182 				PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
183 				MAP_SHARED,
184 				fd,
185 				0);
186 			if(membase == MAP_FAILED) {
187 				perror("mmap");
188 				exit(12);
189 			}
190 			close(fd);
191 		} else {
192 			if (fssize * sectorsize > memleft)
193 				fssize = (memleft - 16384) / sectorsize;
194 			if ((membase = malloc(fssize * sectorsize)) == 0)
195 				exit(12);
196 		}
197 	}
198 	fsi = fi;
199 	fso = fo;
200 	if (Oflag) {
201 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
202 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
203 	} else {
204 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
205 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN;
206 	}
207 	/*
208 	 * Validate the given file system size.
209 	 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
210 	 */
211 	if (fssize <= 0)
212 		printf("preposterous size %d\n", fssize), exit(13);
213 	wtfs(fssize - (realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), realsectorsize,
214 		 (char *)&sblock);
215 	/*
216 	 * collect and verify the sector and track info
217 	 */
218 	sblock.fs_nsect = nsectors;
219 	sblock.fs_ntrak = ntracks;
220 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0)
221 		printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(14);
222 	if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0)
223 		printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(15);
224 	/*
225 	 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
226 	 */
227 	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
228 	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
229 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
230 		printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
231 		    sblock.fs_bsize);
232 		exit(16);
233 	}
234 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
235 		printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
236 		    sblock.fs_fsize);
237 		exit(17);
238 	}
239 	if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
240 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
241 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
242 		exit(18);
243 	}
244 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
245 		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
246 		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
247 		exit(19);
248 	}
249 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
250 		printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
251 		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
252 		exit(20);
253 	}
254 	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
255 	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
256 	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
257 	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
258 	for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
259 		sblock.fs_bshift++;
260 	for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
261 		sblock.fs_fshift++;
262 	sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
263 	for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
264 		sblock.fs_fragshift++;
265 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
266 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
267 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
268 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
269 		exit(21);
270 	}
271 	sblock.fs_nrpos = nrpos;
272 	sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(daddr_t);
273 	sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct dinode);
274 	sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
275 	for (sblock.fs_fsbtodb = 0, i = NSPF(&sblock); i > 1; i >>= 1)
276 		sblock.fs_fsbtodb++;
277 	sblock.fs_sblkno =
278 	    roundup(howmany(bbsize + sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
279 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
280 	    roundup(howmany(sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
281 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
282 	sblock.fs_cgoffset = roundup(
283 	    howmany(sblock.fs_nsect, NSPF(&sblock)), sblock.fs_frag);
284 	for (sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff, i = sblock.fs_ntrak; i > 1; i >>= 1)
285 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
286 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_ntrak))
287 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
288 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
289 	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
290 		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
291 		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
292 	}
293 	/* XXX - hack to prevent overflow of a 32bit block number */
294 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxfilesize, (u_quad_t) 1 << 39);
295 	/*
296 	 * Validate specified/determined secpercyl
297 	 * and calculate minimum cylinders per group.
298 	 */
299 	sblock.fs_spc = secpercyl;
300 	for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
301 	     sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
302 	     sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
303 		/* void */;
304 	mincpc = sblock.fs_cpc;
305 	bpcg = sblock.fs_spc * sectorsize;
306 	inospercg = roundup(bpcg / sizeof(struct dinode), INOPB(&sblock));
307 	if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock))
308 		inospercg = MAXIPG(&sblock);
309 	used = (sblock.fs_iblkno + inospercg / INOPF(&sblock)) * NSPF(&sblock);
310 	mincpgcnt = howmany(sblock.fs_cgoffset * (~sblock.fs_cgmask) + used,
311 	    sblock.fs_spc);
312 	mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
313 	/*
314 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space
315 	 * for block maps.
316 	 */
317 	sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
318 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
319 	if (maxcontig > 1)
320 		sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(maxcontig, FS_MAXCONTIG);
321 	mapcramped = 0;
322 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
323 		mapcramped = 1;
324 		if (sblock.fs_bsize < MAXBSIZE) {
325 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
326 			if ((i & 1) == 0) {
327 				i >>= 1;
328 			} else {
329 				sblock.fs_cpc <<= 1;
330 				mincpc <<= 1;
331 				mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
332 				sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
333 			}
334 			sblock.fs_frag <<= 1;
335 			sblock.fs_fragshift += 1;
336 			if (sblock.fs_frag <= MAXFRAG)
337 				continue;
338 		}
339 		if (sblock.fs_fsize == sblock.fs_bsize) {
340 			printf("There is no block size that");
341 			printf(" can support this disk\n");
342 			exit(22);
343 		}
344 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
345 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
346 		sblock.fs_fsize <<= 1;
347 		sblock.fs_nspf <<= 1;
348 	}
349 	/*
350 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space for inodes.
351 	 */
352 	inodecramped = 0;
353 	used *= sectorsize;
354 	inospercg = roundup((mincpg * bpcg - used) / density, INOPB(&sblock));
355 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
356 	while (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
357 		inodecramped = 1;
358 		if (mincpc == 1 || sblock.fs_frag == 1 ||
359 		    sblock.fs_bsize == MINBSIZE)
360 			break;
361 		printf("With a block size of %d %s %d\n", sblock.fs_bsize,
362 		    "minimum bytes per inode is",
363 		    (mincpg * bpcg - used) / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1);
364 		sblock.fs_bsize >>= 1;
365 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
366 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
367 		mincpc >>= 1;
368 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
369 		if (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
370 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
371 			break;
372 		}
373 		mincpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
374 		inospercg =
375 		    roundup((mincpg * bpcg - used) / density, INOPB(&sblock));
376 		sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
377 	}
378 	if (inodecramped) {
379 		if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
380 			printf("Minimum bytes per inode is %d\n",
381 			    (mincpg * bpcg - used) / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1);
382 		} else if (!mapcramped) {
383 			printf("With %d bytes per inode, ", density);
384 			printf("minimum cylinders per group is %d\n", mincpg);
385 		}
386 	}
387 	if (mapcramped) {
388 		printf("With %d sectors per cylinder, ", sblock.fs_spc);
389 		printf("minimum cylinders per group is %d\n", mincpg);
390 	}
391 	if (inodecramped || mapcramped) {
392 		if (sblock.fs_bsize != bsize)
393 			printf("%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
394 			    "This requires the block size",
395 			    bsize, sblock.fs_bsize);
396 		if (sblock.fs_fsize != fsize)
397 			printf("\t%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
398 			    "and the fragment size",
399 			    fsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
400 		exit(23);
401 	}
402 	/*
403 	 * Calculate the number of cylinders per group
404 	 */
405 	sblock.fs_cpg = cpg;
406 	if (sblock.fs_cpg % mincpc != 0) {
407 		printf("%s groups must have a multiple of %d cylinders\n",
408 			cpgflg ? "Cylinder" : "Warning: cylinder", mincpc);
409 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(sblock.fs_cpg, mincpc);
410 		if (!cpgflg)
411 			cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
412 	}
413 	/*
414 	 * Must ensure there is enough space for inodes.
415 	 */
416 	sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
417 		INOPB(&sblock));
418 	while (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
419 		inodecramped = 1;
420 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
421 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
422 			INOPB(&sblock));
423 	}
424 	/*
425 	 * Must ensure there is enough space to hold block map.
426 	 */
427 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
428 		mapcramped = 1;
429 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
430 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
431 			INOPB(&sblock));
432 	}
433 	sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
434 	if ((sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) % NSPB(&sblock) != 0) {
435 		printf("panic (fs_cpg * fs_spc) % NSPF != 0");
436 		exit(24);
437 	}
438 	if (sblock.fs_cpg < mincpg) {
439 		printf("cylinder groups must have at least %d cylinders\n",
440 			mincpg);
441 		exit(25);
442 	} else if (sblock.fs_cpg != cpg) {
443 		if (!cpgflg)
444 			printf("Warning: ");
445 		else if (!mapcramped && !inodecramped)
446 			exit(26);
447 		if (mapcramped && inodecramped)
448 			printf("Block size and bytes per inode restrict");
449 		else if (mapcramped)
450 			printf("Block size restricts");
451 		else
452 			printf("Bytes per inode restrict");
453 		printf(" cylinders per group to %d.\n", sblock.fs_cpg);
454 		if (cpgflg)
455 			exit(27);
456 	}
457 	sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
458 	/*
459 	 * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak.
460 	 * Determine number of cylinders and blocks in the file system.
461 	 */
462 	sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
463 	sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
464 	if (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
465 		sblock.fs_ncyl++;
466 		warn = 1;
467 	}
468 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
469 		printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
470 		exit(28);
471 	}
472 	/*
473 	 * Determine feasability/values of rotational layout tables.
474 	 *
475 	 * The size of the rotational layout tables is limited by the
476 	 * size of the superblock, SBSIZE. The amount of space available
477 	 * for tables is calculated as (SBSIZE - sizeof (struct fs)).
478 	 * The size of these tables is inversely proportional to the block
479 	 * size of the file system. The size increases if sectors per track
480 	 * are not powers of two, because more cylinders must be described
481 	 * by the tables before the rotational pattern repeats (fs_cpc).
482 	 */
483 	sblock.fs_interleave = interleave;
484 	sblock.fs_trackskew = trackskew;
485 	sblock.fs_npsect = nphyssectors;
486 	sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
487 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
488 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak == 1) {
489 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
490 		goto next;
491 	}
492 	postblsize = sblock.fs_nrpos * sblock.fs_cpc * sizeof(short);
493 	rotblsize = sblock.fs_cpc * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock);
494 	totalsbsize = sizeof(struct fs) + rotblsize;
495 	if (sblock.fs_nrpos == 8 && sblock.fs_cpc <= 16) {
496 		/* use old static table space */
497 		sblock.fs_postbloff = (char *)(&sblock.fs_opostbl[0][0]) -
498 		    (char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
499 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
500 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
501 	} else {
502 		/* use dynamic table space */
503 		sblock.fs_postbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
504 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
505 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = sblock.fs_postbloff + postblsize;
506 		totalsbsize += postblsize;
507 	}
508 	if (totalsbsize > SBSIZE ||
509 	    sblock.fs_nsect > (1 << NBBY) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
510 		printf("%s %s %d %s %d.%s",
511 		    "Warning: insufficient space in super block for\n",
512 		    "rotational layout tables with nsect", sblock.fs_nsect,
513 		    "and ntrak", sblock.fs_ntrak,
514 		    "\nFile system performance may be impaired.\n");
515 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
516 		goto next;
517 	}
518 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, totalsbsize);
519 	/*
520 	 * calculate the available blocks for each rotational position
521 	 */
522 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_cpc; cylno++)
523 		for (rpos = 0; rpos < sblock.fs_nrpos; rpos++)
524 			fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = -1;
525 	for (i = (rotblsize - 1) * sblock.fs_frag;
526 	     i >= 0; i -= sblock.fs_frag) {
527 		cylno = cbtocylno(&sblock, i);
528 		rpos = cbtorpos(&sblock, i);
529 		blk = fragstoblks(&sblock, i);
530 		if (fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] == -1)
531 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] = 0;
532 		else
533 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] =
534 			    fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] - blk;
535 		fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = blk;
536 	}
537 next:
538 	/*
539 	 * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups.
540 	 */
541 	sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg;
542 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg)
543 		sblock.fs_ncg++;
544 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
545 	i = MIN(~sblock.fs_cgmask, sblock.fs_ncg - 1);
546 	if (cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
547 		printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d)\n",
548 		    cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) / sblock.fs_frag,
549 		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag);
550 		printf("number of cylinders per cylinder group (%d) %s.\n",
551 		    sblock.fs_cpg, "must be increased");
552 		exit(29);
553 	}
554 	j = sblock.fs_ncg - 1;
555 	if ((i = fssize - j * sblock.fs_fpg) < sblock.fs_fpg &&
556 	    cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j) > i) {
557 		if (j == 0) {
558 			printf("Filesystem must have at least %d sectors\n",
559 			    NSPF(&sblock) *
560 			    (cgdmin(&sblock, 0) + 3 * sblock.fs_frag));
561 			exit(30);
562 		}
563 		printf("Warning: inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d) in last\n",
564 		    (cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j)) / sblock.fs_frag,
565 		    i / sblock.fs_frag);
566 		printf("    cylinder group. This implies %d sector(s) cannot be allocated.\n",
567 		    i * NSPF(&sblock));
568 		sblock.fs_ncg--;
569 		sblock.fs_ncyl -= sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
570 		sblock.fs_size = fssize = sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc /
571 		    NSPF(&sblock);
572 		warn = 0;
573 	}
574 	if (warn && !mfs) {
575 		printf("Warning: %d sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
576 		    sblock.fs_spc -
577 		    (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - (sblock.fs_ncyl - 1)
578 		    * sblock.fs_spc));
579 	}
580 	/*
581 	 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
582 	 */
583 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
584 	sblock.fs_cssize =
585 	    fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
586 	i = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct csum);
587 	sblock.fs_csmask = ~(i - 1);
588 	for (sblock.fs_csshift = 0; i > 1; i >>= 1)
589 		sblock.fs_csshift++;
590 	fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
591 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
592 	sblock.fs_rotdelay = rotdelay;
593 	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
594 	sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
595 	sblock.fs_headswitch = headswitch;
596 	sblock.fs_trkseek = trackseek;
597 	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
598 	sblock.fs_rps = rpm / 60;
599 	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
600 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
601 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
602 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
603 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
604 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
605 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
606 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
607 	sblock.fs_clean = 1;
608 	/*
609 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
610 	 */
611 	if (!mfs) {
612 		printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d %s of %d tracks, %d sectors\n",
613 		    fsys, sblock.fs_size * NSPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_ncyl,
614 		    "cylinders", sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect);
615 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
616 		printf("\t%.1fMB in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMB/g, %d i/g)\n",
617 		    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
618 		    sblock.fs_ncg, sblock.fs_cpg,
619 		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
620 		    sblock.fs_ipg);
621 #undef B2MBFACTOR
622 	}
623 	/*
624 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
625 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
626 	 */
627 	if (!mfs)
628 		printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
629 	i = 0;
630 	width = charsperline();
631 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
632 		initcg(cylno, utime);
633 		if (mfs)
634 			continue;
635 		j = sprintf(tmpbuf, " %d,",
636 			fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
637 		if (i+j >= width) {
638 			printf("\n");
639 			i = 0;
640 		}
641 		i += j;
642 		printf("%s", tmpbuf);
643 		fflush(stdout);
644 	}
645 	if (!mfs)
646 		printf("\n");
647 	if (Nflag && !mfs)
648 		exit(0);
649 	/*
650 	 * Now construct the initial file system,
651 	 * then write out the super-block.
652 	 */
653 	fsinit(utime);
654 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
655 	wtfs((int)SBOFF / sectorsize, sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
656 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
657 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
658 			sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
659 			    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
660 			((char *)fscs) + i);
661 	/*
662 	 * Write out the duplicate super blocks
663 	 */
664 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
665 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
666 		    sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
667 	/*
668 	 * Update information about this partion in pack
669 	 * label, to that it may be updated on disk.
670 	 */
671 	pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
672 	pp->p_fsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
673 	pp->p_frag = sblock.fs_frag;
674 	pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
675 	/*
676 	 * Notify parent process of success.
677 	 * Dissociate from session and tty.
678 	 */
679 	if (mfs) {
680 		kill(ppid, SIGUSR1);
681 		(void) setsid();
682 		(void) close(0);
683 		(void) close(1);
684 		(void) close(2);
685 		(void) chdir("/");
686 	}
687 }
688 
689 /*
690  * Initialize a cylinder group.
691  */
692 initcg(cylno, utime)
693 	int cylno;
694 	time_t utime;
695 {
696 	daddr_t cbase, d, dlower, dupper, dmax, blkno;
697 	long i, j, s;
698 	register struct csum *cs;
699 
700 	/*
701 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
702 	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
703 	 * cylinder group.
704 	 */
705 	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
706 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
707 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
708 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
709 	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
710 	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
711 	if (cylno == 0)
712 		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
713 	cs = fscs + cylno;
714 	bzero(&acg, sblock.fs_cgsize);
715 	acg.cg_time = utime;
716 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
717 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
718 	if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
719 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
720 	else
721 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
722 	acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
723 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
724 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
725 		acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
726 	acg.cg_btotoff = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_link);
727 	acg.cg_boff = acg.cg_btotoff + sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(long);
728 	acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_boff +
729 		sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_nrpos * sizeof(short);
730 	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, NBBY);
731 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
732 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
733 		   howmany(sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY);
734 	} else {
735 		acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany
736 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY) -
737 		    sizeof(long);
738 		acg.cg_clustersumoff =
739 		    roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(long));
740 		acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
741 		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(long);
742 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff + howmany
743 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock), NBBY);
744 	}
745 	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff - (long)(&acg.cg_link) > sblock.fs_cgsize) {
746 		printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
747 		exit(37);
748 	}
749 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
750 	if (cylno == 0)
751 		for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
752 			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
753 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
754 		}
755 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock); i += sblock.fs_frag)
756 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
757 		    sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)zino);
758 	if (cylno > 0) {
759 		/*
760 		 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
761 		 * for boot and super blocks.
762 		 */
763 		for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
764 			blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
765 			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
766 			if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
767 				setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
768 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
769 			cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
770 			cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
771 			    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
772 		}
773 		sblock.fs_dsize += dlower;
774 	}
775 	sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dupper;
776 	if (i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag) {
777 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
778 		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
779 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
780 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
781 		}
782 	}
783 	for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= dmax - cbase; ) {
784 		blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
785 		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
786 		if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
787 			setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
788 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
789 		cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
790 		cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
791 		    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
792 		d += sblock.fs_frag;
793 	}
794 	if (d < dmax - cbase) {
795 		acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
796 		for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
797 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
798 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
799 		}
800 	}
801 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
802 		long *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg);
803 		u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg);
804 		int map = *mapp++;
805 		int bit = 1;
806 		int run = 0;
807 
808 		for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
809 			if ((map & bit) != 0) {
810 				run++;
811 			} else if (run != 0) {
812 				if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
813 					run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
814 				sump[run]++;
815 				run = 0;
816 			}
817 			if ((i & (NBBY - 1)) != (NBBY - 1)) {
818 				bit <<= 1;
819 			} else {
820 				map = *mapp++;
821 				bit = 1;
822 			}
823 		}
824 		if (run != 0) {
825 			if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
826 				run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
827 			sump[run]++;
828 		}
829 	}
830 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
831 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
832 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
833 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree;
834 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
835 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, cylno)),
836 		sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&acg);
837 }
838 
839 /*
840  * initialize the file system
841  */
842 struct dinode node;
843 
844 #ifdef LOSTDIR
845 #define PREDEFDIR 3
846 #else
847 #define PREDEFDIR 2
848 #endif
849 
850 struct direct root_dir[] = {
851 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
852 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
853 #ifdef LOSTDIR
854 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found" },
855 #endif
856 };
857 struct odirect {
858 	u_long	d_ino;
859 	u_short	d_reclen;
860 	u_short	d_namlen;
861 	u_char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];
862 } oroot_dir[] = {
863 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
864 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
865 #ifdef LOSTDIR
866 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 10, "lost+found" },
867 #endif
868 };
869 #ifdef LOSTDIR
870 struct direct lost_found_dir[] = {
871 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
872 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
873 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0, 0 },
874 };
875 struct odirect olost_found_dir[] = {
876 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
877 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
878 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0 },
879 };
880 #endif
881 char buf[MAXBSIZE];
882 
883 fsinit(utime)
884 	time_t utime;
885 {
886 	int i;
887 
888 	/*
889 	 * initialize the node
890 	 */
891 	node.di_atime.tv_sec = utime;
892 	node.di_mtime.tv_sec = utime;
893 	node.di_ctime.tv_sec = utime;
894 #ifdef LOSTDIR
895 	/*
896 	 * create the lost+found directory
897 	 */
898 	if (Oflag) {
899 		(void)makedir((struct direct *)olost_found_dir, 2);
900 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
901 			bcopy(&olost_found_dir[2], &buf[i],
902 			    DIRSIZ(0, &olost_found_dir[2]));
903 	} else {
904 		(void)makedir(lost_found_dir, 2);
905 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
906 			bcopy(&lost_found_dir[2], &buf[i],
907 			    DIRSIZ(0, &lost_found_dir[2]));
908 	}
909 	node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
910 	node.di_nlink = 2;
911 	node.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
912 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(node.di_size, node.di_mode);
913 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
914 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), node.di_size, buf);
915 	iput(&node, LOSTFOUNDINO);
916 #endif
917 	/*
918 	 * create the root directory
919 	 */
920 	if (mfs)
921 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | 01777;
922 	else
923 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
924 	node.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
925 	if (Oflag)
926 		node.di_size = makedir((struct direct *)oroot_dir, PREDEFDIR);
927 	else
928 		node.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
929 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.di_mode);
930 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
931 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, buf);
932 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
933 }
934 
935 /*
936  * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
937  * return size of directory.
938  */
939 makedir(protodir, entries)
940 	register struct direct *protodir;
941 	int entries;
942 {
943 	char *cp;
944 	int i, spcleft;
945 
946 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
947 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
948 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
949 		bcopy(&protodir[i], cp, protodir[i].d_reclen);
950 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
951 		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
952 	}
953 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
954 	bcopy(&protodir[i], cp, DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
955 	return (DIRBLKSIZ);
956 }
957 
958 /*
959  * allocate a block or frag
960  */
961 daddr_t
962 alloc(size, mode)
963 	int size;
964 	int mode;
965 {
966 	int i, frag;
967 	daddr_t d, blkno;
968 
969 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
970 	    (char *)&acg);
971 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
972 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
973 		return (0);
974 	}
975 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
976 		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
977 		return (0);
978 	}
979 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
980 		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
981 			goto goth;
982 	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
983 	return (0);
984 goth:
985 	blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
986 	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
987 	clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
988 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
989 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
990 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
991 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
992 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
993 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
994 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
995 	}
996 	cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]--;
997 	cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))[cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
998 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
999 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
1000 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1001 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1002 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1003 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
1004 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
1005 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
1006 	}
1007 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1008 	    (char *)&acg);
1009 	return (d);
1010 }
1011 
1012 /*
1013  * Allocate an inode on the disk
1014  */
1015 iput(ip, ino)
1016 	register struct dinode *ip;
1017 	register ino_t ino;
1018 {
1019 	struct dinode buf[MAXINOPB];
1020 	daddr_t d;
1021 	int c;
1022 
1023 	c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino);
1024 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1025 	    (char *)&acg);
1026 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1027 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1028 		exit(31);
1029 	}
1030 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
1031 	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
1032 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1033 	    (char *)&acg);
1034 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1035 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
1036 	if (ino >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
1037 		printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n", ino);
1038 		exit(32);
1039 	}
1040 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
1041 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
1042 	buf[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] = *ip;
1043 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
1044 }
1045 
1046 /*
1047  * Notify parent process that the filesystem has created itself successfully.
1048  */
1049 void
1050 started()
1051 {
1052 
1053 	exit(0);
1054 }
1055 
1056 /*
1057  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1058  */
1059 caddr_t
1060 malloc(size)
1061 	register u_long size;
1062 {
1063 	char *base, *i;
1064 	static u_long pgsz;
1065 	struct rlimit rlp;
1066 
1067 	if (pgsz == 0) {
1068 		base = sbrk(0);
1069 		pgsz = getpagesize() - 1;
1070 		i = (char *)((u_long)(base + pgsz) &~ pgsz);
1071 		base = sbrk(i - base);
1072 		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1073 			perror("getrlimit");
1074 		rlp.rlim_cur = rlp.rlim_max;
1075 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1076 			perror("setrlimit");
1077 		memleft = rlp.rlim_max - (u_long)base;
1078 	}
1079 	size = (size + pgsz) &~ pgsz;
1080 	if (size > memleft)
1081 		size = memleft;
1082 	memleft -= size;
1083 	if (size == 0)
1084 		return (0);
1085 	return ((caddr_t)sbrk(size));
1086 }
1087 
1088 /*
1089  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1090  */
1091 caddr_t
1092 realloc(ptr, size)
1093 	char *ptr;
1094 	u_long size;
1095 {
1096 	void *p;
1097 
1098 	if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
1099 		return (NULL);
1100 	bcopy(ptr, p, size);
1101 	free(ptr);
1102 	return (p);
1103 }
1104 
1105 /*
1106  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1107  */
1108 char *
1109 calloc(size, numelm)
1110 	u_long size, numelm;
1111 {
1112 	caddr_t base;
1113 
1114 	size *= numelm;
1115 	base = malloc(size);
1116 	bzero(base, size);
1117 	return (base);
1118 }
1119 
1120 /*
1121  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1122  */
1123 free(ptr)
1124 	char *ptr;
1125 {
1126 
1127 	/* do not worry about it for now */
1128 }
1129 
1130 /*
1131  * read a block from the file system
1132  */
1133 rdfs(bno, size, bf)
1134 	daddr_t bno;
1135 	int size;
1136 	char *bf;
1137 {
1138 	int n;
1139 
1140 	if (mfs) {
1141 		bcopy(membase + bno * sectorsize, bf, size);
1142 		return;
1143 	}
1144 	if (lseek(fsi, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, 0) < 0) {
1145 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", bno);
1146 		perror("rdfs");
1147 		exit(33);
1148 	}
1149 	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
1150 	if (n != size) {
1151 		printf("read error: %ld\n", bno);
1152 		perror("rdfs");
1153 		exit(34);
1154 	}
1155 }
1156 
1157 /*
1158  * write a block to the file system
1159  */
1160 wtfs(bno, size, bf)
1161 	daddr_t bno;
1162 	int size;
1163 	char *bf;
1164 {
1165 	int n;
1166 
1167 	if (mfs) {
1168 		bcopy(bf, membase + bno * sectorsize, size);
1169 		return;
1170 	}
1171 	if (Nflag)
1172 		return;
1173 	if (lseek(fso, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1174 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", bno);
1175 		perror("wtfs");
1176 		exit(35);
1177 	}
1178 	n = write(fso, bf, size);
1179 	if (n != size) {
1180 		printf("write error: %ld\n", bno);
1181 		perror("wtfs");
1182 		exit(36);
1183 	}
1184 }
1185 
1186 /*
1187  * check if a block is available
1188  */
1189 isblock(fs, cp, h)
1190 	struct fs *fs;
1191 	unsigned char *cp;
1192 	int h;
1193 {
1194 	unsigned char mask;
1195 
1196 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1197 	case 8:
1198 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1199 	case 4:
1200 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1201 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1202 	case 2:
1203 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1204 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1205 	case 1:
1206 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1207 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1208 	default:
1209 #ifdef STANDALONE
1210 		printf("isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1211 #else
1212 		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1213 #endif
1214 		return (0);
1215 	}
1216 }
1217 
1218 /*
1219  * take a block out of the map
1220  */
1221 clrblock(fs, cp, h)
1222 	struct fs *fs;
1223 	unsigned char *cp;
1224 	int h;
1225 {
1226 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1227 	case 8:
1228 		cp[h] = 0;
1229 		return;
1230 	case 4:
1231 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1232 		return;
1233 	case 2:
1234 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1235 		return;
1236 	case 1:
1237 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1238 		return;
1239 	default:
1240 #ifdef STANDALONE
1241 		printf("clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1242 #else
1243 		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1244 #endif
1245 		return;
1246 	}
1247 }
1248 
1249 /*
1250  * put a block into the map
1251  */
1252 setblock(fs, cp, h)
1253 	struct fs *fs;
1254 	unsigned char *cp;
1255 	int h;
1256 {
1257 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1258 	case 8:
1259 		cp[h] = 0xff;
1260 		return;
1261 	case 4:
1262 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1263 		return;
1264 	case 2:
1265 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1266 		return;
1267 	case 1:
1268 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1269 		return;
1270 	default:
1271 #ifdef STANDALONE
1272 		printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1273 #else
1274 		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1275 #endif
1276 		return;
1277 	}
1278 }
1279 
1280 /*
1281  * Determine the number of characters in a
1282  * single line.
1283  */
1284 
1285 static int
1286 charsperline()
1287 {
1288 	int columns;
1289 	char *cp;
1290 	struct winsize ws;
1291 	extern char *getenv();
1292 
1293 	columns = 0;
1294 	if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1)
1295 		columns = ws.ws_col;
1296 	if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS")))
1297 		columns = atoi(cp);
1298 	if (columns == 0)
1299 		columns = 80;	/* last resort */
1300 	return columns;
1301 }
1302