1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #if 0 40 #ifndef lint 41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c 8.11 (Berkeley) 5/3/95"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 #endif 44 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 46 47 #include <err.h> 48 #include <grp.h> 49 #include <limits.h> 50 #include <signal.h> 51 #include <stdlib.h> 52 #include <string.h> 53 #include <stdint.h> 54 #include <stdio.h> 55 #include <unistd.h> 56 #include <sys/param.h> 57 #include <sys/time.h> 58 #include <sys/types.h> 59 #include <sys/wait.h> 60 #include <sys/resource.h> 61 #include <sys/stat.h> 62 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 65 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 66 #include <sys/file.h> 67 #include <sys/mman.h> 68 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 69 #include "newfs.h" 70 71 /* 72 * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems 73 */ 74 #define UMASK 0755 75 #define POWEROF2(num) (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0) 76 77 static struct csum *fscs; 78 #define sblock disk.d_fs 79 #define acg disk.d_cg 80 81 union dinode { 82 struct ufs1_dinode dp1; 83 struct ufs2_dinode dp2; 84 }; 85 #define DIP(dp, field) \ 86 ((sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) ? \ 87 (dp)->dp1.field : (dp)->dp2.field) 88 89 static caddr_t iobuf; 90 static long iobufsize; 91 static ufs2_daddr_t alloc(int size, int mode); 92 static int charsperline(void); 93 static void clrblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int); 94 static void fsinit(time_t); 95 static int ilog2(int); 96 static void initcg(int, time_t); 97 static int isblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int); 98 static void iput(union dinode *, ino_t); 99 static int makedir(struct direct *, int); 100 static void setblock(struct fs *, unsigned char *, int); 101 static void wtfs(ufs2_daddr_t, int, char *); 102 static u_int32_t newfs_random(void); 103 104 void 105 mkfs(struct partition *pp, char *fsys) 106 { 107 int fragsperinode, optimalfpg, origdensity, minfpg, lastminfpg; 108 long i, j, cylno, csfrags; 109 time_t utime; 110 quad_t sizepb; 111 int width; 112 char tmpbuf[100]; /* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */ 113 union { 114 struct fs fdummy; 115 char cdummy[SBLOCKSIZE]; 116 } dummy; 117 #define fsdummy dummy.fdummy 118 #define chdummy dummy.cdummy 119 120 /* 121 * Our blocks == sector size, and the version of UFS we are using is 122 * specified by Oflag. 123 */ 124 disk.d_bsize = sectorsize; 125 disk.d_ufs = Oflag; 126 if (Rflag) { 127 utime = 1000000000; 128 } else { 129 time(&utime); 130 arc4random_stir(); 131 } 132 sblock.fs_old_flags = FS_FLAGS_UPDATED; 133 sblock.fs_flags = 0; 134 if (Uflag) 135 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_DOSOFTDEP; 136 if (Lflag) 137 strlcpy(sblock.fs_volname, volumelabel, MAXVOLLEN); 138 if (Jflag) 139 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_GJOURNAL; 140 if (lflag) 141 sblock.fs_flags |= FS_MULTILABEL; 142 /* 143 * Validate the given file system size. 144 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed. 145 * Convert to file system fragment sized units. 146 */ 147 if (fssize <= 0) { 148 printf("preposterous size %jd\n", (intmax_t)fssize); 149 exit(13); 150 } 151 wtfs(fssize - (realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE), realsectorsize, 152 (char *)&sblock); 153 /* 154 * collect and verify the file system density info 155 */ 156 sblock.fs_avgfilesize = avgfilesize; 157 sblock.fs_avgfpdir = avgfilesperdir; 158 if (sblock.fs_avgfilesize <= 0) 159 printf("illegal expected average file size %d\n", 160 sblock.fs_avgfilesize), exit(14); 161 if (sblock.fs_avgfpdir <= 0) 162 printf("illegal expected number of files per directory %d\n", 163 sblock.fs_avgfpdir), exit(15); 164 /* 165 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes 166 */ 167 sblock.fs_bsize = bsize; 168 sblock.fs_fsize = fsize; 169 if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) { 170 printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n", 171 sblock.fs_bsize); 172 exit(16); 173 } 174 if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) { 175 printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n", 176 sblock.fs_fsize); 177 exit(17); 178 } 179 if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) { 180 printf("increasing fragment size from %d to sector size (%d)\n", 181 sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize); 182 sblock.fs_fsize = sectorsize; 183 } 184 if (sblock.fs_bsize > MAXBSIZE) { 185 printf("decreasing block size from %d to maximum (%d)\n", 186 sblock.fs_bsize, MAXBSIZE); 187 sblock.fs_bsize = MAXBSIZE; 188 } 189 if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) { 190 printf("increasing block size from %d to minimum (%d)\n", 191 sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE); 192 sblock.fs_bsize = MINBSIZE; 193 } 194 if (sblock.fs_fsize > MAXBSIZE) { 195 printf("decreasing fragment size from %d to maximum (%d)\n", 196 sblock.fs_fsize, MAXBSIZE); 197 sblock.fs_fsize = MAXBSIZE; 198 } 199 if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) { 200 printf("increasing block size from %d to fragment size (%d)\n", 201 sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize); 202 sblock.fs_bsize = sblock.fs_fsize; 203 } 204 if (sblock.fs_fsize * MAXFRAG < sblock.fs_bsize) { 205 printf( 206 "increasing fragment size from %d to block size / %d (%d)\n", 207 sblock.fs_fsize, MAXFRAG, sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG); 208 sblock.fs_fsize = sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG; 209 } 210 if (maxbsize < bsize || !POWEROF2(maxbsize)) { 211 sblock.fs_maxbsize = sblock.fs_bsize; 212 printf("Extent size set to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize); 213 } else if (sblock.fs_maxbsize > FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize) { 214 sblock.fs_maxbsize = FS_MAXCONTIG * sblock.fs_bsize; 215 printf("Extent size reduced to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize); 216 } else { 217 sblock.fs_maxbsize = maxbsize; 218 } 219 sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig; 220 if (sblock.fs_maxcontig < sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize) { 221 sblock.fs_maxcontig = sblock.fs_maxbsize / sblock.fs_bsize; 222 printf("Maxcontig raised to %d\n", sblock.fs_maxbsize); 223 } 224 if (sblock.fs_maxcontig > 1) 225 sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxcontig,FS_MAXCONTIG); 226 sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1); 227 sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1); 228 sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask; 229 sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask; 230 sblock.fs_bshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_bsize); 231 sblock.fs_fshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize); 232 sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize); 233 sblock.fs_fragshift = ilog2(sblock.fs_frag); 234 if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) { 235 printf("fragment size %d is still too small (can't happen)\n", 236 sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG); 237 exit(21); 238 } 239 sblock.fs_fsbtodb = ilog2(sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize); 240 sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize); 241 242 /* 243 * Before the filesystem is finally initialized, mark it 244 * as incompletely initialized. 245 */ 246 sblock.fs_magic = FS_BAD_MAGIC; 247 248 if (Oflag == 1) { 249 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS1; 250 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t); 251 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode); 252 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((NDADDR + NIADDR) * 253 sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t)); 254 sblock.fs_old_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT; 255 sblock.fs_old_cgoffset = 0; 256 sblock.fs_old_cgmask = 0xffffffff; 257 sblock.fs_old_size = sblock.fs_size; 258 sblock.fs_old_rotdelay = 0; 259 sblock.fs_old_rps = 60; 260 sblock.fs_old_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize; 261 sblock.fs_old_cpg = 1; 262 sblock.fs_old_interleave = 1; 263 sblock.fs_old_trackskew = 0; 264 sblock.fs_old_cpc = 0; 265 sblock.fs_old_postblformat = 1; 266 sblock.fs_old_nrpos = 1; 267 } else { 268 sblock.fs_sblockloc = SBLOCK_UFS2; 269 sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t); 270 sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ufs2_dinode); 271 sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = ((NDADDR + NIADDR) * 272 sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)); 273 } 274 sblock.fs_sblkno = 275 roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_sblockloc + SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), 276 sblock.fs_frag); 277 sblock.fs_cblkno = sblock.fs_sblkno + 278 roundup(howmany(SBLOCKSIZE, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag); 279 sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag; 280 sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1; 281 for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) { 282 sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock); 283 sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb; 284 } 285 286 /* 287 * It's impossible to create a snapshot in case that fs_maxfilesize 288 * is smaller than the fssize. 289 */ 290 if (sblock.fs_maxfilesize < (u_quad_t)fssize) { 291 warnx("WARNING: You will be unable to create snapshots on this " 292 "file system. Correct by using a larger blocksize."); 293 } 294 295 /* 296 * Calculate the number of blocks to put into each cylinder group. 297 * 298 * This algorithm selects the number of blocks per cylinder 299 * group. The first goal is to have at least enough data blocks 300 * in each cylinder group to meet the density requirement. Once 301 * this goal is achieved we try to expand to have at least 302 * MINCYLGRPS cylinder groups. Once this goal is achieved, we 303 * pack as many blocks into each cylinder group map as will fit. 304 * 305 * We start by calculating the smallest number of blocks that we 306 * can put into each cylinder group. If this is too big, we reduce 307 * the density until it fits. 308 */ 309 origdensity = density; 310 for (;;) { 311 fragsperinode = MAX(numfrags(&sblock, density), 1); 312 minfpg = fragsperinode * INOPB(&sblock); 313 if (minfpg > sblock.fs_size) 314 minfpg = sblock.fs_size; 315 sblock.fs_ipg = INOPB(&sblock); 316 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno + 317 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag); 318 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg) 319 sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg; 320 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode), 321 INOPB(&sblock)); 322 sblock.fs_fpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno + 323 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag); 324 if (sblock.fs_fpg < minfpg) 325 sblock.fs_fpg = minfpg; 326 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode), 327 INOPB(&sblock)); 328 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize) 329 break; 330 density -= sblock.fs_fsize; 331 } 332 if (density != origdensity) 333 printf("density reduced from %d to %d\n", origdensity, density); 334 /* 335 * Start packing more blocks into the cylinder group until 336 * it cannot grow any larger, the number of cylinder groups 337 * drops below MINCYLGRPS, or we reach the size requested. 338 */ 339 for ( ; sblock.fs_fpg < maxblkspercg; sblock.fs_fpg += sblock.fs_frag) { 340 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode), 341 INOPB(&sblock)); 342 if (sblock.fs_size / sblock.fs_fpg < MINCYLGRPS) 343 break; 344 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) < (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize) 345 continue; 346 if (CGSIZE(&sblock) == (unsigned long)sblock.fs_bsize) 347 break; 348 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag; 349 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode), 350 INOPB(&sblock)); 351 break; 352 } 353 /* 354 * Check to be sure that the last cylinder group has enough blocks 355 * to be viable. If it is too small, reduce the number of blocks 356 * per cylinder group which will have the effect of moving more 357 * blocks into the last cylinder group. 358 */ 359 optimalfpg = sblock.fs_fpg; 360 for (;;) { 361 sblock.fs_ncg = howmany(sblock.fs_size, sblock.fs_fpg); 362 lastminfpg = roundup(sblock.fs_iblkno + 363 sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_frag); 364 if (sblock.fs_size < lastminfpg) { 365 printf("Filesystem size %jd < minimum size of %d\n", 366 (intmax_t)sblock.fs_size, lastminfpg); 367 exit(28); 368 } 369 if (sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg >= lastminfpg || 370 sblock.fs_size % sblock.fs_fpg == 0) 371 break; 372 sblock.fs_fpg -= sblock.fs_frag; 373 sblock.fs_ipg = roundup(howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, fragsperinode), 374 INOPB(&sblock)); 375 } 376 if (optimalfpg != sblock.fs_fpg) 377 printf("Reduced frags per cylinder group from %d to %d %s\n", 378 optimalfpg, sblock.fs_fpg, "to enlarge last cyl group"); 379 sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock)); 380 sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock); 381 if (Oflag == 1) { 382 sblock.fs_old_spc = sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_old_nspf; 383 sblock.fs_old_nsect = sblock.fs_old_spc; 384 sblock.fs_old_npsect = sblock.fs_old_spc; 385 sblock.fs_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncg; 386 } 387 /* 388 * fill in remaining fields of the super block 389 */ 390 sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0); 391 sblock.fs_cssize = 392 fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum)); 393 fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize); 394 if (fscs == NULL) 395 errx(31, "calloc failed"); 396 sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs)); 397 if (sblock.fs_sbsize > SBLOCKSIZE) 398 sblock.fs_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE; 399 sblock.fs_minfree = minfree; 400 sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg; 401 sblock.fs_optim = opt; 402 sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0; 403 sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0; 404 sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0; 405 sblock.fs_fmod = 0; 406 sblock.fs_ronly = 0; 407 sblock.fs_state = 0; 408 sblock.fs_clean = 1; 409 sblock.fs_id[0] = (long)utime; 410 sblock.fs_id[1] = newfs_random(); 411 sblock.fs_fsmnt[0] = '\0'; 412 csfrags = howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize); 413 sblock.fs_dsize = sblock.fs_size - sblock.fs_sblkno - 414 sblock.fs_ncg * (sblock.fs_dblkno - sblock.fs_sblkno); 415 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 416 fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_dsize) - 417 howmany(csfrags, sblock.fs_frag); 418 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 419 fragnum(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) + 420 (fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) > 0 ? 421 sblock.fs_frag - fragnum(&sblock, csfrags) : 0); 422 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_ncg * sblock.fs_ipg - ROOTINO; 423 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0; 424 sblock.fs_dsize -= csfrags; 425 sblock.fs_time = utime; 426 if (Oflag == 1) { 427 sblock.fs_old_time = utime; 428 sblock.fs_old_dsize = sblock.fs_dsize; 429 sblock.fs_old_csaddr = sblock.fs_csaddr; 430 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir; 431 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree; 432 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree; 433 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree; 434 } 435 436 /* 437 * Dump out summary information about file system. 438 */ 439 # define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0)) 440 printf("%s: %.1fMB (%jd sectors) block size %d, fragment size %d\n", 441 fsys, (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR, 442 (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size), sblock.fs_bsize, 443 sblock.fs_fsize); 444 printf("\tusing %d cylinder groups of %.2fMB, %d blks, %d inodes.\n", 445 sblock.fs_ncg, (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR, 446 sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag, sblock.fs_ipg); 447 if (sblock.fs_flags & FS_DOSOFTDEP) 448 printf("\twith soft updates\n"); 449 # undef B2MBFACTOR 450 451 if (Eflag && !Nflag) { 452 printf("Erasing sectors [%jd...%jd]\n", 453 sblock.fs_sblockloc / disk.d_bsize, 454 fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_size) - 1); 455 berase(&disk, sblock.fs_sblockloc / disk.d_bsize, 456 sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize - sblock.fs_sblockloc); 457 } 458 /* 459 * Wipe out old UFS1 superblock(s) if necessary. 460 */ 461 if (!Nflag && Oflag != 1) { 462 i = bread(&disk, SBLOCK_UFS1 / disk.d_bsize, chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE); 463 if (i == -1) 464 err(1, "can't read old UFS1 superblock: %s", disk.d_error); 465 466 if (fsdummy.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) { 467 fsdummy.fs_magic = 0; 468 bwrite(&disk, SBLOCK_UFS1 / disk.d_bsize, chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE); 469 for (i = 0; i < fsdummy.fs_ncg; i++) 470 bwrite(&disk, fsbtodb(&fsdummy, cgsblock(&fsdummy, i)), 471 chdummy, SBLOCKSIZE); 472 } 473 } 474 if (!Nflag) 475 sbwrite(&disk, 0); 476 if (Xflag == 1) { 477 printf("** Exiting on Xflag 1\n"); 478 exit(0); 479 } 480 if (Xflag == 2) 481 printf("** Leaving BAD MAGIC on Xflag 2\n"); 482 else 483 sblock.fs_magic = (Oflag != 1) ? FS_UFS2_MAGIC : FS_UFS1_MAGIC; 484 485 /* 486 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and 487 * then print out indices of cylinder groups. 488 */ 489 printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n"); 490 i = 0; 491 width = charsperline(); 492 /* 493 * allocate space for superblock, cylinder group map, and 494 * two sets of inode blocks. 495 */ 496 if (sblock.fs_bsize < SBLOCKSIZE) 497 iobufsize = SBLOCKSIZE + 3 * sblock.fs_bsize; 498 else 499 iobufsize = 4 * sblock.fs_bsize; 500 if ((iobuf = malloc(iobufsize)) == 0) { 501 printf("Cannot allocate I/O buffer\n"); 502 exit(38); 503 } 504 bzero(iobuf, iobufsize); 505 /* 506 * Make a copy of the superblock into the buffer that we will be 507 * writing out in each cylinder group. 508 */ 509 bcopy((char *)&sblock, iobuf, SBLOCKSIZE); 510 for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) { 511 initcg(cylno, utime); 512 j = snprintf(tmpbuf, sizeof(tmpbuf), " %jd%s", 513 (intmax_t)fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), 514 cylno < (sblock.fs_ncg-1) ? "," : ""); 515 if (j < 0) 516 tmpbuf[j = 0] = '\0'; 517 if (i + j >= width) { 518 printf("\n"); 519 i = 0; 520 } 521 i += j; 522 printf("%s", tmpbuf); 523 fflush(stdout); 524 } 525 printf("\n"); 526 if (Nflag) 527 exit(0); 528 /* 529 * Now construct the initial file system, 530 * then write out the super-block. 531 */ 532 fsinit(utime); 533 if (Oflag == 1) { 534 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir; 535 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree; 536 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree; 537 sblock.fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree; 538 } 539 if (Xflag == 3) { 540 printf("** Exiting on Xflag 3\n"); 541 exit(0); 542 } 543 if (!Nflag) 544 sbwrite(&disk, 0); 545 for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize) 546 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)), 547 sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ? 548 sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize, 549 ((char *)fscs) + i); 550 /* 551 * Update information about this partion in pack 552 * label, to that it may be updated on disk. 553 */ 554 if (pp != NULL) { 555 pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS; 556 pp->p_fsize = sblock.fs_fsize; 557 pp->p_frag = sblock.fs_frag; 558 pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_fpg; 559 } 560 } 561 562 /* 563 * Initialize a cylinder group. 564 */ 565 void 566 initcg(int cylno, time_t utime) 567 { 568 long i, j, d, dlower, dupper, blkno, start; 569 ufs2_daddr_t cbase, dmax; 570 struct ufs1_dinode *dp1; 571 struct ufs2_dinode *dp2; 572 struct csum *cs; 573 574 /* 575 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group. 576 * Allow space for super block summary information in first 577 * cylinder group. 578 */ 579 cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno); 580 dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg; 581 if (dmax > sblock.fs_size) 582 dmax = sblock.fs_size; 583 dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase; 584 dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase; 585 if (cylno == 0) 586 dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize); 587 cs = &fscs[cylno]; 588 memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize); 589 acg.cg_time = utime; 590 acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC; 591 acg.cg_cgx = cylno; 592 acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg; 593 acg.cg_initediblk = sblock.fs_ipg < 2 * INOPB(&sblock) ? 594 sblock.fs_ipg : 2 * INOPB(&sblock); 595 acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase; 596 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) 597 acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag; 598 start = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield); 599 if (Oflag == 2) { 600 acg.cg_iusedoff = start; 601 } else { 602 acg.cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg; 603 acg.cg_old_time = acg.cg_time; 604 acg.cg_time = 0; 605 acg.cg_old_niblk = acg.cg_niblk; 606 acg.cg_niblk = 0; 607 acg.cg_initediblk = 0; 608 acg.cg_old_btotoff = start; 609 acg.cg_old_boff = acg.cg_old_btotoff + 610 sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t); 611 acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_old_boff + 612 sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t); 613 } 614 acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT); 615 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany(sblock.fs_fpg, CHAR_BIT); 616 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) { 617 acg.cg_clustersumoff = 618 roundup(acg.cg_nextfreeoff, sizeof(u_int32_t)); 619 acg.cg_clustersumoff -= sizeof(u_int32_t); 620 acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff + 621 (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(u_int32_t); 622 acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff + 623 howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT); 624 } 625 if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff > sblock.fs_cgsize) { 626 printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n"); 627 exit(37); 628 } 629 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg; 630 if (cylno == 0) 631 for (i = 0; i < (long)ROOTINO; i++) { 632 setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i); 633 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--; 634 } 635 if (cylno > 0) { 636 /* 637 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved 638 * for boot and super blocks. 639 */ 640 for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) { 641 blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag; 642 setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno); 643 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) 644 setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno); 645 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++; 646 } 647 } 648 if ((i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) { 649 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++; 650 for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) { 651 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper); 652 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++; 653 } 654 } 655 for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= acg.cg_ndblk; 656 d += sblock.fs_frag) { 657 blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag; 658 setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno); 659 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) 660 setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno); 661 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++; 662 } 663 if (d < acg.cg_ndblk) { 664 acg.cg_frsum[acg.cg_ndblk - d]++; 665 for (; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d++) { 666 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d); 667 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++; 668 } 669 } 670 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) { 671 int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg); 672 u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg); 673 int map = *mapp++; 674 int bit = 1; 675 int run = 0; 676 677 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) { 678 if ((map & bit) != 0) 679 run++; 680 else if (run != 0) { 681 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize) 682 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize; 683 sump[run]++; 684 run = 0; 685 } 686 if ((i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)) != CHAR_BIT - 1) 687 bit <<= 1; 688 else { 689 map = *mapp++; 690 bit = 1; 691 } 692 } 693 if (run != 0) { 694 if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize) 695 run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize; 696 sump[run]++; 697 } 698 } 699 *cs = acg.cg_cs; 700 /* 701 * Write out the duplicate super block, the cylinder group map 702 * and two blocks worth of inodes in a single write. 703 */ 704 start = sblock.fs_bsize > SBLOCKSIZE ? sblock.fs_bsize : SBLOCKSIZE; 705 bcopy((char *)&acg, &iobuf[start], sblock.fs_cgsize); 706 start += sblock.fs_bsize; 707 dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]); 708 dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]); 709 for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_initediblk; i++) { 710 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) { 711 dp1->di_gen = newfs_random(); 712 dp1++; 713 } else { 714 dp2->di_gen = newfs_random(); 715 dp2++; 716 } 717 } 718 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)), iobufsize, iobuf); 719 /* 720 * For the old file system, we have to initialize all the inodes. 721 */ 722 if (Oflag == 1) { 723 for (i = 2 * sblock.fs_frag; 724 i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock); 725 i += sblock.fs_frag) { 726 dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)(&iobuf[start]); 727 for (j = 0; j < INOPB(&sblock); j++) { 728 dp1->di_gen = newfs_random(); 729 dp1++; 730 } 731 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i), 732 sblock.fs_bsize, &iobuf[start]); 733 } 734 } 735 } 736 737 /* 738 * initialize the file system 739 */ 740 #define ROOTLINKCNT 3 741 742 struct direct root_dir[] = { 743 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." }, 744 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." }, 745 { ROOTINO + 1, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 5, ".snap" }, 746 }; 747 748 #define SNAPLINKCNT 2 749 750 struct direct snap_dir[] = { 751 { ROOTINO + 1, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." }, 752 { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." }, 753 }; 754 755 void 756 fsinit(time_t utime) 757 { 758 union dinode node; 759 struct group *grp; 760 gid_t gid; 761 int entries; 762 763 memset(&node, 0, sizeof node); 764 if ((grp = getgrnam("operator")) != NULL) { 765 gid = grp->gr_gid; 766 } else { 767 warnx("Cannot retrieve operator gid, using gid 0."); 768 gid = 0; 769 } 770 entries = (nflag) ? ROOTLINKCNT - 1: ROOTLINKCNT; 771 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) { 772 /* 773 * initialize the node 774 */ 775 node.dp1.di_atime = utime; 776 node.dp1.di_mtime = utime; 777 node.dp1.di_ctime = utime; 778 /* 779 * create the root directory 780 */ 781 node.dp1.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK; 782 node.dp1.di_nlink = entries; 783 node.dp1.di_size = makedir(root_dir, entries); 784 node.dp1.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode); 785 node.dp1.di_blocks = 786 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size)); 787 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, 788 iobuf); 789 iput(&node, ROOTINO); 790 if (!nflag) { 791 /* 792 * create the .snap directory 793 */ 794 node.dp1.di_mode |= 020; 795 node.dp1.di_gid = gid; 796 node.dp1.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT; 797 node.dp1.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT); 798 node.dp1.di_db[0] = 799 alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp1.di_mode); 800 node.dp1.di_blocks = 801 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp1.di_size)); 802 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp1.di_db[0]), 803 sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf); 804 iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1); 805 } 806 } else { 807 /* 808 * initialize the node 809 */ 810 node.dp2.di_atime = utime; 811 node.dp2.di_mtime = utime; 812 node.dp2.di_ctime = utime; 813 node.dp2.di_birthtime = utime; 814 /* 815 * create the root directory 816 */ 817 node.dp2.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK; 818 node.dp2.di_nlink = entries; 819 node.dp2.di_size = makedir(root_dir, entries); 820 node.dp2.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode); 821 node.dp2.di_blocks = 822 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size)); 823 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, 824 iobuf); 825 iput(&node, ROOTINO); 826 if (!nflag) { 827 /* 828 * create the .snap directory 829 */ 830 node.dp2.di_mode |= 020; 831 node.dp2.di_gid = gid; 832 node.dp2.di_nlink = SNAPLINKCNT; 833 node.dp2.di_size = makedir(snap_dir, SNAPLINKCNT); 834 node.dp2.di_db[0] = 835 alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.dp2.di_mode); 836 node.dp2.di_blocks = 837 btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.dp2.di_size)); 838 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.dp2.di_db[0]), 839 sblock.fs_fsize, iobuf); 840 iput(&node, ROOTINO + 1); 841 } 842 } 843 } 844 845 /* 846 * construct a set of directory entries in "iobuf". 847 * return size of directory. 848 */ 849 int 850 makedir(struct direct *protodir, int entries) 851 { 852 char *cp; 853 int i, spcleft; 854 855 spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ; 856 memset(iobuf, 0, DIRBLKSIZ); 857 for (cp = iobuf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) { 858 protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]); 859 memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen); 860 cp += protodir[i].d_reclen; 861 spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen; 862 } 863 protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft; 864 memmove(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i])); 865 return (DIRBLKSIZ); 866 } 867 868 /* 869 * allocate a block or frag 870 */ 871 ufs2_daddr_t 872 alloc(int size, int mode) 873 { 874 int i, d, blkno, frag; 875 876 bread(&disk, fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), (char *)&acg, 877 sblock.fs_cgsize); 878 if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) { 879 printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n"); 880 exit(38); 881 } 882 if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) { 883 printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n"); 884 exit(39); 885 } 886 for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag) 887 if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag)) 888 goto goth; 889 printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n"); 890 exit(40); 891 goth: 892 blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d); 893 clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno); 894 if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) 895 clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno); 896 acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--; 897 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--; 898 fscs[0].cs_nbfree--; 899 if (mode & IFDIR) { 900 acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++; 901 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++; 902 fscs[0].cs_ndir++; 903 } 904 if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) { 905 frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize); 906 fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag; 907 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag; 908 acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag; 909 acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++; 910 for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++) 911 setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i); 912 } 913 /* XXX cgwrite(&disk, 0)??? */ 914 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, 915 (char *)&acg); 916 return ((ufs2_daddr_t)d); 917 } 918 919 /* 920 * Allocate an inode on the disk 921 */ 922 void 923 iput(union dinode *ip, ino_t ino) 924 { 925 ufs2_daddr_t d; 926 int c; 927 928 c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino); 929 bread(&disk, fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), (char *)&acg, 930 sblock.fs_cgsize); 931 if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) { 932 printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n"); 933 exit(31); 934 } 935 acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--; 936 setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino); 937 wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, 938 (char *)&acg); 939 sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--; 940 fscs[0].cs_nifree--; 941 if (ino >= (unsigned long)sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) { 942 printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n", ino); 943 exit(32); 944 } 945 d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino)); 946 bread(&disk, d, (char *)iobuf, sblock.fs_bsize); 947 if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) 948 ((struct ufs1_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] = 949 ip->dp1; 950 else 951 ((struct ufs2_dinode *)iobuf)[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] = 952 ip->dp2; 953 wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)iobuf); 954 } 955 956 /* 957 * possibly write to disk 958 */ 959 static void 960 wtfs(ufs2_daddr_t bno, int size, char *bf) 961 { 962 if (Nflag) 963 return; 964 if (bwrite(&disk, bno, bf, size) < 0) 965 err(36, "wtfs: %d bytes at sector %jd", size, (intmax_t)bno); 966 } 967 968 /* 969 * check if a block is available 970 */ 971 static int 972 isblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h) 973 { 974 unsigned char mask; 975 976 switch (fs->fs_frag) { 977 case 8: 978 return (cp[h] == 0xff); 979 case 4: 980 mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2); 981 return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask); 982 case 2: 983 mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1); 984 return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask); 985 case 1: 986 mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7); 987 return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask); 988 default: 989 fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag); 990 return (0); 991 } 992 } 993 994 /* 995 * take a block out of the map 996 */ 997 static void 998 clrblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h) 999 { 1000 switch ((fs)->fs_frag) { 1001 case 8: 1002 cp[h] = 0; 1003 return; 1004 case 4: 1005 cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2)); 1006 return; 1007 case 2: 1008 cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1)); 1009 return; 1010 case 1: 1011 cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7)); 1012 return; 1013 default: 1014 fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag); 1015 return; 1016 } 1017 } 1018 1019 /* 1020 * put a block into the map 1021 */ 1022 static void 1023 setblock(struct fs *fs, unsigned char *cp, int h) 1024 { 1025 switch (fs->fs_frag) { 1026 case 8: 1027 cp[h] = 0xff; 1028 return; 1029 case 4: 1030 cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2)); 1031 return; 1032 case 2: 1033 cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1)); 1034 return; 1035 case 1: 1036 cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7)); 1037 return; 1038 default: 1039 fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag); 1040 return; 1041 } 1042 } 1043 1044 /* 1045 * Determine the number of characters in a 1046 * single line. 1047 */ 1048 1049 static int 1050 charsperline(void) 1051 { 1052 int columns; 1053 char *cp; 1054 struct winsize ws; 1055 1056 columns = 0; 1057 if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1) 1058 columns = ws.ws_col; 1059 if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS"))) 1060 columns = atoi(cp); 1061 if (columns == 0) 1062 columns = 80; /* last resort */ 1063 return (columns); 1064 } 1065 1066 static int 1067 ilog2(int val) 1068 { 1069 u_int n; 1070 1071 for (n = 0; n < sizeof(n) * CHAR_BIT; n++) 1072 if (1 << n == val) 1073 return (n); 1074 errx(1, "ilog2: %d is not a power of 2\n", val); 1075 } 1076 1077 /* 1078 * For the regression test, return predictable random values. 1079 * Otherwise use a true random number generator. 1080 */ 1081 static u_int32_t 1082 newfs_random(void) 1083 { 1084 static int nextnum = 1; 1085 1086 if (Rflag) 1087 return (nextnum++); 1088 return (arc4random()); 1089 } 1090