xref: /freebsd/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision 05c7a37afb48ddd5ee1bd921a5d46fe59cc70b15)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 2/3/94";
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #include <unistd.h>
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41 #include <sys/wait.h>
42 #include <sys/resource.h>
43 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
44 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
45 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
46 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
47 #include <sys/file.h>
48 #include <sys/mman.h>
49 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
50 
51 #ifndef STANDALONE
52 #include <a.out.h>
53 #include <stdio.h>
54 #endif
55 
56 /*
57  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
58  */
59 
60 /*
61  * We limit the size of the inode map to be no more than a
62  * third of the cylinder group space, since we must leave at
63  * least an equal amount of space for the block map.
64  *
65  * N.B.: MAXIPG must be a multiple of INOPB(fs).
66  */
67 #define MAXIPG(fs)	roundup((fs)->fs_bsize * NBBY / 3, INOPB(fs))
68 
69 #define UMASK		0755
70 #define MAXINOPB	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
71 #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
72 
73 /*
74  * variables set up by front end.
75  */
76 extern int	mfs;		/* run as the memory based filesystem */
77 extern int	Nflag;		/* run mkfs without writing file system */
78 extern int	Oflag;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
79 extern int	fssize;		/* file system size */
80 extern int	ntracks;	/* # tracks/cylinder */
81 extern int	nsectors;	/* # sectors/track */
82 extern int	nphyssectors;	/* # sectors/track including spares */
83 extern int	secpercyl;	/* sectors per cylinder */
84 extern int	sectorsize;	/* bytes/sector */
85 extern int	rpm;		/* revolutions/minute of drive */
86 extern int	interleave;	/* hardware sector interleave */
87 extern int	trackskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per track */
88 extern int	headswitch;	/* head switch time, usec */
89 extern int	trackseek;	/* track-to-track seek, usec */
90 extern int	fsize;		/* fragment size */
91 extern int	bsize;		/* block size */
92 extern int	cpg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
93 extern int	cpgflg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
94 extern int	minfree;	/* free space threshold */
95 extern int	opt;		/* optimization preference (space or time) */
96 extern int	density;	/* number of bytes per inode */
97 extern int	maxcontig;	/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
98 extern int	rotdelay;	/* rotational delay between blocks */
99 extern int	maxbpg;		/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
100 extern int	nrpos;		/* # of distinguished rotational positions */
101 extern int	bbsize;		/* boot block size */
102 extern int	sbsize;		/* superblock size */
103 extern u_long	memleft;	/* virtual memory available */
104 extern caddr_t	membase;	/* start address of memory based filesystem */
105 extern caddr_t	malloc(), calloc();
106 extern char *	filename;
107 
108 union {
109 	struct fs fs;
110 	char pad[SBSIZE];
111 } fsun;
112 #define	sblock	fsun.fs
113 struct	csum *fscs;
114 
115 union {
116 	struct cg cg;
117 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
118 } cgun;
119 #define	acg	cgun.cg
120 
121 struct dinode zino[MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode)];
122 
123 int	fsi, fso;
124 daddr_t	alloc();
125 static int charsperline();
126 
127 mkfs(pp, fsys, fi, fo)
128 	struct partition *pp;
129 	char *fsys;
130 	int fi, fo;
131 {
132 	register long i, mincpc, mincpg, inospercg;
133 	long cylno, rpos, blk, j, warn = 0;
134 	long used, mincpgcnt, bpcg;
135 	long mapcramped, inodecramped;
136 	long postblsize, rotblsize, totalsbsize;
137 	int ppid, status, fd;
138 	time_t utime;
139 	quad_t sizepb;
140 	void started();
141 	int width;
142 	char tmpbuf[100];	/* XXX this will break in about 2,500 years */
143 
144 #ifndef STANDALONE
145 	time(&utime);
146 #endif
147 	if (mfs) {
148 		ppid = getpid();
149 		(void) signal(SIGUSR1, started);
150 		if (i = fork()) {
151 			if (i == -1) {
152 				perror("mfs");
153 				exit(10);
154 			}
155 			if (waitpid(i, &status, 0) != -1 && WIFEXITED(status))
156 				exit(WEXITSTATUS(status));
157 			exit(11);
158 			/* NOTREACHED */
159 		}
160 		(void)malloc(0);
161 		if(filename) {
162 			unsigned char buf[BUFSIZ];
163 			unsigned long l,l1;
164 			fd = open(filename,O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT,0644);
165 			if(fd < 0) {
166 				perror(filename);
167 				exit(12);
168 			}
169 			for(l=0;l< fssize * sectorsize;l += l1) {
170 				l1 = fssize * sectorsize;
171 				if (BUFSIZ < l1)
172 					l1 = BUFSIZ;
173 				if (l1 != write(fd,buf,l1)) {
174 					perror(filename);
175 					exit(12);
176 				}
177 			}
178 			membase = mmap(
179 				0,
180 				fssize * sectorsize,
181 				PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
182 				MAP_SHARED,
183 				fd,
184 				0);
185 			if((int)membase == -1) {
186 				perror("mmap");
187 				exit(12);
188 			}
189 			close(fd);
190 		} else {
191 			if (fssize * sectorsize > memleft)
192 				fssize = (memleft - 16384) / sectorsize;
193 			if ((membase = malloc(fssize * sectorsize)) == 0)
194 				exit(12);
195 		}
196 	}
197 	fsi = fi;
198 	fso = fo;
199 	if (Oflag) {
200 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
201 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
202 	} else {
203 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
204 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN;
205 	}
206 	/*
207 	 * Validate the given file system size.
208 	 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
209 	 */
210 	if (fssize <= 0)
211 		printf("preposterous size %d\n", fssize), exit(13);
212 	wtfs(fssize - 1, sectorsize, (char *)&sblock);
213 	/*
214 	 * collect and verify the sector and track info
215 	 */
216 	sblock.fs_nsect = nsectors;
217 	sblock.fs_ntrak = ntracks;
218 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0)
219 		printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(14);
220 	if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0)
221 		printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(15);
222 	/*
223 	 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
224 	 */
225 	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
226 	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
227 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
228 		printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
229 		    sblock.fs_bsize);
230 		exit(16);
231 	}
232 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
233 		printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
234 		    sblock.fs_fsize);
235 		exit(17);
236 	}
237 	if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
238 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
239 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
240 		exit(18);
241 	}
242 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
243 		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
244 		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
245 		exit(19);
246 	}
247 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
248 		printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
249 		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
250 		exit(20);
251 	}
252 	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
253 	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
254 	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
255 	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
256 	for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
257 		sblock.fs_bshift++;
258 	for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
259 		sblock.fs_fshift++;
260 	sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
261 	for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
262 		sblock.fs_fragshift++;
263 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
264 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
265 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
266 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
267 		exit(21);
268 	}
269 	sblock.fs_nrpos = nrpos;
270 	sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(daddr_t);
271 	sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct dinode);
272 	sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
273 	for (sblock.fs_fsbtodb = 0, i = NSPF(&sblock); i > 1; i >>= 1)
274 		sblock.fs_fsbtodb++;
275 	sblock.fs_sblkno =
276 	    roundup(howmany(bbsize + sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
277 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
278 	    roundup(howmany(sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
279 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
280 	sblock.fs_cgoffset = roundup(
281 	    howmany(sblock.fs_nsect, NSPF(&sblock)), sblock.fs_frag);
282 	for (sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff, i = sblock.fs_ntrak; i > 1; i >>= 1)
283 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
284 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_ntrak))
285 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
286 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
287 	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
288 		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
289 		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
290 	}
291 	/* XXX - hack to prevent overflow of a 32bit block number */
292 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = MIN(sblock.fs_maxfilesize, (u_quad_t) 1 << 39);
293 	/*
294 	 * Validate specified/determined secpercyl
295 	 * and calculate minimum cylinders per group.
296 	 */
297 	sblock.fs_spc = secpercyl;
298 	for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
299 	     sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
300 	     sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
301 		/* void */;
302 	mincpc = sblock.fs_cpc;
303 	bpcg = sblock.fs_spc * sectorsize;
304 	inospercg = roundup(bpcg / sizeof(struct dinode), INOPB(&sblock));
305 	if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock))
306 		inospercg = MAXIPG(&sblock);
307 	used = (sblock.fs_iblkno + inospercg / INOPF(&sblock)) * NSPF(&sblock);
308 	mincpgcnt = howmany(sblock.fs_cgoffset * (~sblock.fs_cgmask) + used,
309 	    sblock.fs_spc);
310 	mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
311 	/*
312 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space
313 	 * for block maps.
314 	 */
315 	sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
316 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
317 	if (maxcontig > 1)
318 		sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(maxcontig, FS_MAXCONTIG);
319 	mapcramped = 0;
320 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
321 		mapcramped = 1;
322 		if (sblock.fs_bsize < MAXBSIZE) {
323 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
324 			if ((i & 1) == 0) {
325 				i >>= 1;
326 			} else {
327 				sblock.fs_cpc <<= 1;
328 				mincpc <<= 1;
329 				mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
330 				sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
331 			}
332 			sblock.fs_frag <<= 1;
333 			sblock.fs_fragshift += 1;
334 			if (sblock.fs_frag <= MAXFRAG)
335 				continue;
336 		}
337 		if (sblock.fs_fsize == sblock.fs_bsize) {
338 			printf("There is no block size that");
339 			printf(" can support this disk\n");
340 			exit(22);
341 		}
342 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
343 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
344 		sblock.fs_fsize <<= 1;
345 		sblock.fs_nspf <<= 1;
346 	}
347 	/*
348 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space for inodes.
349 	 */
350 	inodecramped = 0;
351 	used *= sectorsize;
352 	inospercg = roundup((mincpg * bpcg - used) / density, INOPB(&sblock));
353 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
354 	while (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
355 		inodecramped = 1;
356 		if (mincpc == 1 || sblock.fs_frag == 1 ||
357 		    sblock.fs_bsize == MINBSIZE)
358 			break;
359 		printf("With a block size of %d %s %d\n", sblock.fs_bsize,
360 		    "minimum bytes per inode is",
361 		    (mincpg * bpcg - used) / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1);
362 		sblock.fs_bsize >>= 1;
363 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
364 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
365 		mincpc >>= 1;
366 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
367 		if (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
368 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
369 			break;
370 		}
371 		mincpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
372 		inospercg =
373 		    roundup((mincpg * bpcg - used) / density, INOPB(&sblock));
374 		sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
375 	}
376 	if (inodecramped) {
377 		if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
378 			printf("Minimum bytes per inode is %d\n",
379 			    (mincpg * bpcg - used) / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1);
380 		} else if (!mapcramped) {
381 			printf("With %d bytes per inode, ", density);
382 			printf("minimum cylinders per group is %d\n", mincpg);
383 		}
384 	}
385 	if (mapcramped) {
386 		printf("With %d sectors per cylinder, ", sblock.fs_spc);
387 		printf("minimum cylinders per group is %d\n", mincpg);
388 	}
389 	if (inodecramped || mapcramped) {
390 		if (sblock.fs_bsize != bsize)
391 			printf("%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
392 			    "This requires the block size",
393 			    bsize, sblock.fs_bsize);
394 		if (sblock.fs_fsize != fsize)
395 			printf("\t%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
396 			    "and the fragment size",
397 			    fsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
398 		exit(23);
399 	}
400 	/*
401 	 * Calculate the number of cylinders per group
402 	 */
403 	sblock.fs_cpg = cpg;
404 	if (sblock.fs_cpg % mincpc != 0) {
405 		printf("%s groups must have a multiple of %d cylinders\n",
406 			cpgflg ? "Cylinder" : "Warning: cylinder", mincpc);
407 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(sblock.fs_cpg, mincpc);
408 		if (!cpgflg)
409 			cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
410 	}
411 	/*
412 	 * Must ensure there is enough space for inodes.
413 	 */
414 	sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
415 		INOPB(&sblock));
416 	while (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
417 		inodecramped = 1;
418 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
419 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
420 			INOPB(&sblock));
421 	}
422 	/*
423 	 * Must ensure there is enough space to hold block map.
424 	 */
425 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
426 		mapcramped = 1;
427 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
428 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
429 			INOPB(&sblock));
430 	}
431 	sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
432 	if ((sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) % NSPB(&sblock) != 0) {
433 		printf("panic (fs_cpg * fs_spc) % NSPF != 0");
434 		exit(24);
435 	}
436 	if (sblock.fs_cpg < mincpg) {
437 		printf("cylinder groups must have at least %d cylinders\n",
438 			mincpg);
439 		exit(25);
440 	} else if (sblock.fs_cpg != cpg) {
441 		if (!cpgflg)
442 			printf("Warning: ");
443 		else if (!mapcramped && !inodecramped)
444 			exit(26);
445 		if (mapcramped && inodecramped)
446 			printf("Block size and bytes per inode restrict");
447 		else if (mapcramped)
448 			printf("Block size restricts");
449 		else
450 			printf("Bytes per inode restrict");
451 		printf(" cylinders per group to %d.\n", sblock.fs_cpg);
452 		if (cpgflg)
453 			exit(27);
454 	}
455 	sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
456 	/*
457 	 * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak.
458 	 * Determine number of cylinders and blocks in the file system.
459 	 */
460 	sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
461 	sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
462 	if (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
463 		sblock.fs_ncyl++;
464 		warn = 1;
465 	}
466 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
467 		printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
468 		exit(28);
469 	}
470 	/*
471 	 * Determine feasability/values of rotational layout tables.
472 	 *
473 	 * The size of the rotational layout tables is limited by the
474 	 * size of the superblock, SBSIZE. The amount of space available
475 	 * for tables is calculated as (SBSIZE - sizeof (struct fs)).
476 	 * The size of these tables is inversely proportional to the block
477 	 * size of the file system. The size increases if sectors per track
478 	 * are not powers of two, because more cylinders must be described
479 	 * by the tables before the rotational pattern repeats (fs_cpc).
480 	 */
481 	sblock.fs_interleave = interleave;
482 	sblock.fs_trackskew = trackskew;
483 	sblock.fs_npsect = nphyssectors;
484 	sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
485 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
486 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak == 1) {
487 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
488 		goto next;
489 	}
490 	postblsize = sblock.fs_nrpos * sblock.fs_cpc * sizeof(short);
491 	rotblsize = sblock.fs_cpc * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock);
492 	totalsbsize = sizeof(struct fs) + rotblsize;
493 	if (sblock.fs_nrpos == 8 && sblock.fs_cpc <= 16) {
494 		/* use old static table space */
495 		sblock.fs_postbloff = (char *)(&sblock.fs_opostbl[0][0]) -
496 		    (char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
497 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
498 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
499 	} else {
500 		/* use dynamic table space */
501 		sblock.fs_postbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
502 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_link);
503 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = sblock.fs_postbloff + postblsize;
504 		totalsbsize += postblsize;
505 	}
506 	if (totalsbsize > SBSIZE ||
507 	    sblock.fs_nsect > (1 << NBBY) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
508 		printf("%s %s %d %s %d.%s",
509 		    "Warning: insufficient space in super block for\n",
510 		    "rotational layout tables with nsect", sblock.fs_nsect,
511 		    "and ntrak", sblock.fs_ntrak,
512 		    "\nFile system performance may be impaired.\n");
513 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
514 		goto next;
515 	}
516 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, totalsbsize);
517 	/*
518 	 * calculate the available blocks for each rotational position
519 	 */
520 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_cpc; cylno++)
521 		for (rpos = 0; rpos < sblock.fs_nrpos; rpos++)
522 			fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = -1;
523 	for (i = (rotblsize - 1) * sblock.fs_frag;
524 	     i >= 0; i -= sblock.fs_frag) {
525 		cylno = cbtocylno(&sblock, i);
526 		rpos = cbtorpos(&sblock, i);
527 		blk = fragstoblks(&sblock, i);
528 		if (fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] == -1)
529 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] = 0;
530 		else
531 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] =
532 			    fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] - blk;
533 		fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = blk;
534 	}
535 next:
536 	/*
537 	 * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups.
538 	 */
539 	sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg;
540 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg)
541 		sblock.fs_ncg++;
542 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
543 	i = MIN(~sblock.fs_cgmask, sblock.fs_ncg - 1);
544 	if (cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
545 		printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d)\n",
546 		    cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) / sblock.fs_frag,
547 		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag);
548 		printf("number of cylinders per cylinder group (%d) %s.\n",
549 		    sblock.fs_cpg, "must be increased");
550 		exit(29);
551 	}
552 	j = sblock.fs_ncg - 1;
553 	if ((i = fssize - j * sblock.fs_fpg) < sblock.fs_fpg &&
554 	    cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j) > i) {
555 		if (j == 0) {
556 			printf("Filesystem must have at least %d sectors\n",
557 			    NSPF(&sblock) *
558 			    (cgdmin(&sblock, 0) + 3 * sblock.fs_frag));
559 			exit(30);
560 		}
561 		printf("Warning: inode blocks/cyl group (%d) >= data blocks (%d) in last\n",
562 		    (cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j)) / sblock.fs_frag,
563 		    i / sblock.fs_frag);
564 		printf("    cylinder group. This implies %d sector(s) cannot be allocated.\n",
565 		    i * NSPF(&sblock));
566 		sblock.fs_ncg--;
567 		sblock.fs_ncyl -= sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
568 		sblock.fs_size = fssize = sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc /
569 		    NSPF(&sblock);
570 		warn = 0;
571 	}
572 	if (warn && !mfs) {
573 		printf("Warning: %d sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
574 		    sblock.fs_spc -
575 		    (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - (sblock.fs_ncyl - 1)
576 		    * sblock.fs_spc));
577 	}
578 	/*
579 	 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
580 	 */
581 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
582 	sblock.fs_cssize =
583 	    fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
584 	i = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct csum);
585 	sblock.fs_csmask = ~(i - 1);
586 	for (sblock.fs_csshift = 0; i > 1; i >>= 1)
587 		sblock.fs_csshift++;
588 	fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
589 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
590 	sblock.fs_rotdelay = rotdelay;
591 	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
592 	sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
593 	sblock.fs_headswitch = headswitch;
594 	sblock.fs_trkseek = trackseek;
595 	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
596 	sblock.fs_rps = rpm / 60;
597 	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
598 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
599 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
600 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
601 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
602 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
603 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
604 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
605 	sblock.fs_clean = 1;
606 	/*
607 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
608 	 */
609 	if (!mfs) {
610 		printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d %s of %d tracks, %d sectors\n",
611 		    fsys, sblock.fs_size * NSPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_ncyl,
612 		    "cylinders", sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect);
613 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
614 		printf("\t%.1fMB in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMB/g, %d i/g)\n",
615 		    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
616 		    sblock.fs_ncg, sblock.fs_cpg,
617 		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
618 		    sblock.fs_ipg);
619 #undef B2MBFACTOR
620 	}
621 	/*
622 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
623 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
624 	 */
625 	if (!mfs)
626 		printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
627 	i = 0;
628 	width = charsperline();
629 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
630 		initcg(cylno, utime);
631 		if (mfs)
632 			continue;
633 		j = sprintf(tmpbuf, " %d,",
634 			fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
635 		if (i+j >= width) {
636 			printf("\n");
637 			i = 0;
638 		}
639 		i += j;
640 		printf("%s", tmpbuf);
641 		fflush(stdout);
642 	}
643 	if (!mfs)
644 		printf("\n");
645 	if (Nflag && !mfs)
646 		exit(0);
647 	/*
648 	 * Now construct the initial file system,
649 	 * then write out the super-block.
650 	 */
651 	fsinit(utime);
652 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
653 	wtfs((int)SBOFF / sectorsize, sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
654 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
655 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
656 			sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
657 			    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
658 			((char *)fscs) + i);
659 	/*
660 	 * Write out the duplicate super blocks
661 	 */
662 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
663 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
664 		    sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
665 	/*
666 	 * Update information about this partion in pack
667 	 * label, to that it may be updated on disk.
668 	 */
669 	pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
670 	pp->p_fsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
671 	pp->p_frag = sblock.fs_frag;
672 	pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
673 	/*
674 	 * Notify parent process of success.
675 	 * Dissociate from session and tty.
676 	 */
677 	if (mfs) {
678 		kill(ppid, SIGUSR1);
679 		(void) setsid();
680 		(void) close(0);
681 		(void) close(1);
682 		(void) close(2);
683 		(void) chdir("/");
684 	}
685 }
686 
687 /*
688  * Initialize a cylinder group.
689  */
690 initcg(cylno, utime)
691 	int cylno;
692 	time_t utime;
693 {
694 	daddr_t cbase, d, dlower, dupper, dmax, blkno;
695 	long i, j, s;
696 	register struct csum *cs;
697 
698 	/*
699 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
700 	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
701 	 * cylinder group.
702 	 */
703 	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
704 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
705 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
706 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
707 	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
708 	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
709 	if (cylno == 0)
710 		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
711 	cs = fscs + cylno;
712 	bzero(&acg, sblock.fs_cgsize);
713 	acg.cg_time = utime;
714 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
715 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
716 	if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
717 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
718 	else
719 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
720 	acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
721 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
722 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
723 		acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
724 	acg.cg_btotoff = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_link);
725 	acg.cg_boff = acg.cg_btotoff + sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(long);
726 	acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_boff +
727 		sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_nrpos * sizeof(short);
728 	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, NBBY);
729 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
730 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
731 		   howmany(sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY);
732 	} else {
733 		acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany
734 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY) -
735 		    sizeof(long);
736 		acg.cg_clustersumoff =
737 		    roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(long));
738 		acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
739 		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(long);
740 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff + howmany
741 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock), NBBY);
742 	}
743 	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff - (long)(&acg.cg_link) > sblock.fs_cgsize) {
744 		printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
745 		exit(37);
746 	}
747 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
748 	if (cylno == 0)
749 		for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
750 			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
751 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
752 		}
753 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock); i += sblock.fs_frag)
754 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
755 		    sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)zino);
756 	if (cylno > 0) {
757 		/*
758 		 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
759 		 * for boot and super blocks.
760 		 */
761 		for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
762 			blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
763 			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
764 			if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
765 				setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
766 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
767 			cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
768 			cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
769 			    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
770 		}
771 		sblock.fs_dsize += dlower;
772 	}
773 	sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dupper;
774 	if (i = dupper % sblock.fs_frag) {
775 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
776 		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
777 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
778 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
779 		}
780 	}
781 	for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= dmax - cbase; ) {
782 		blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
783 		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
784 		if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
785 			setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
786 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
787 		cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
788 		cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
789 		    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
790 		d += sblock.fs_frag;
791 	}
792 	if (d < dmax - cbase) {
793 		acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
794 		for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
795 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
796 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
797 		}
798 	}
799 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
800 		long *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg);
801 		u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg);
802 		int map = *mapp++;
803 		int bit = 1;
804 		int run = 0;
805 
806 		for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
807 			if ((map & bit) != 0) {
808 				run++;
809 			} else if (run != 0) {
810 				if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
811 					run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
812 				sump[run]++;
813 				run = 0;
814 			}
815 			if ((i & (NBBY - 1)) != (NBBY - 1)) {
816 				bit <<= 1;
817 			} else {
818 				map = *mapp++;
819 				bit = 1;
820 			}
821 		}
822 		if (run != 0) {
823 			if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
824 				run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
825 			sump[run]++;
826 		}
827 	}
828 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
829 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
830 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
831 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree;
832 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
833 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, cylno)),
834 		sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&acg);
835 }
836 
837 /*
838  * initialize the file system
839  */
840 struct dinode node;
841 
842 #ifdef LOSTDIR
843 #define PREDEFDIR 3
844 #else
845 #define PREDEFDIR 2
846 #endif
847 
848 struct direct root_dir[] = {
849 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
850 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
851 #ifdef LOSTDIR
852 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found" },
853 #endif
854 };
855 struct odirect {
856 	u_long	d_ino;
857 	u_short	d_reclen;
858 	u_short	d_namlen;
859 	u_char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];
860 } oroot_dir[] = {
861 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
862 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
863 #ifdef LOSTDIR
864 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 10, "lost+found" },
865 #endif
866 };
867 #ifdef LOSTDIR
868 struct direct lost_found_dir[] = {
869 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
870 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
871 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0, 0 },
872 };
873 struct odirect olost_found_dir[] = {
874 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
875 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
876 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0 },
877 };
878 #endif
879 char buf[MAXBSIZE];
880 
881 fsinit(utime)
882 	time_t utime;
883 {
884 	int i;
885 
886 	/*
887 	 * initialize the node
888 	 */
889 	node.di_atime.ts_sec = utime;
890 	node.di_mtime.ts_sec = utime;
891 	node.di_ctime.ts_sec = utime;
892 #ifdef LOSTDIR
893 	/*
894 	 * create the lost+found directory
895 	 */
896 	if (Oflag) {
897 		(void)makedir((struct direct *)olost_found_dir, 2);
898 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
899 			bcopy(&olost_found_dir[2], &buf[i],
900 			    DIRSIZ(0, &olost_found_dir[2]));
901 	} else {
902 		(void)makedir(lost_found_dir, 2);
903 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
904 			bcopy(&lost_found_dir[2], &buf[i],
905 			    DIRSIZ(0, &lost_found_dir[2]));
906 	}
907 	node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
908 	node.di_nlink = 2;
909 	node.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
910 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(node.di_size, node.di_mode);
911 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
912 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), node.di_size, buf);
913 	iput(&node, LOSTFOUNDINO);
914 #endif
915 	/*
916 	 * create the root directory
917 	 */
918 	if (mfs)
919 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | 01777;
920 	else
921 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
922 	node.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
923 	if (Oflag)
924 		node.di_size = makedir((struct direct *)oroot_dir, PREDEFDIR);
925 	else
926 		node.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
927 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.di_mode);
928 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
929 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, buf);
930 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
931 }
932 
933 /*
934  * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
935  * return size of directory.
936  */
937 makedir(protodir, entries)
938 	register struct direct *protodir;
939 	int entries;
940 {
941 	char *cp;
942 	int i, spcleft;
943 
944 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
945 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
946 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
947 		bcopy(&protodir[i], cp, protodir[i].d_reclen);
948 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
949 		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
950 	}
951 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
952 	bcopy(&protodir[i], cp, DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
953 	return (DIRBLKSIZ);
954 }
955 
956 /*
957  * allocate a block or frag
958  */
959 daddr_t
960 alloc(size, mode)
961 	int size;
962 	int mode;
963 {
964 	int i, frag;
965 	daddr_t d, blkno;
966 
967 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
968 	    (char *)&acg);
969 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
970 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
971 		return (0);
972 	}
973 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
974 		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
975 		return (0);
976 	}
977 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
978 		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
979 			goto goth;
980 	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
981 	return (0);
982 goth:
983 	blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
984 	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
985 	clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
986 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
987 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
988 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
989 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
990 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
991 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
992 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
993 	}
994 	cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]--;
995 	cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))[cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
996 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
997 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
998 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
999 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1000 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
1001 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
1002 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
1003 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
1004 	}
1005 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1006 	    (char *)&acg);
1007 	return (d);
1008 }
1009 
1010 /*
1011  * Allocate an inode on the disk
1012  */
1013 iput(ip, ino)
1014 	register struct dinode *ip;
1015 	register ino_t ino;
1016 {
1017 	struct dinode buf[MAXINOPB];
1018 	daddr_t d;
1019 	int c;
1020 
1021 	c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino);
1022 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1023 	    (char *)&acg);
1024 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1025 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1026 		exit(31);
1027 	}
1028 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
1029 	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
1030 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1031 	    (char *)&acg);
1032 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1033 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
1034 	if (ino >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
1035 		printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n", ino);
1036 		exit(32);
1037 	}
1038 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
1039 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
1040 	buf[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] = *ip;
1041 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
1042 }
1043 
1044 /*
1045  * Notify parent process that the filesystem has created itself successfully.
1046  */
1047 void
1048 started()
1049 {
1050 
1051 	exit(0);
1052 }
1053 
1054 /*
1055  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1056  */
1057 caddr_t
1058 malloc(size)
1059 	register u_long size;
1060 {
1061 	char *base, *i;
1062 	static u_long pgsz;
1063 	struct rlimit rlp;
1064 
1065 	if (pgsz == 0) {
1066 		base = sbrk(0);
1067 		pgsz = getpagesize() - 1;
1068 		i = (char *)((u_long)(base + pgsz) &~ pgsz);
1069 		base = sbrk(i - base);
1070 		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1071 			perror("getrlimit");
1072 		rlp.rlim_cur = rlp.rlim_max;
1073 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1074 			perror("setrlimit");
1075 		memleft = rlp.rlim_max - (u_long)base;
1076 	}
1077 	size = (size + pgsz) &~ pgsz;
1078 	if (size > memleft)
1079 		size = memleft;
1080 	memleft -= size;
1081 	if (size == 0)
1082 		return (0);
1083 	return ((caddr_t)sbrk(size));
1084 }
1085 
1086 /*
1087  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1088  */
1089 caddr_t
1090 realloc(ptr, size)
1091 	char *ptr;
1092 	u_long size;
1093 {
1094 	void *p;
1095 
1096 	if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
1097 		return (NULL);
1098 	bcopy(ptr, p, size);
1099 	free(ptr);
1100 	return (p);
1101 }
1102 
1103 /*
1104  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1105  */
1106 char *
1107 calloc(size, numelm)
1108 	u_long size, numelm;
1109 {
1110 	caddr_t base;
1111 
1112 	size *= numelm;
1113 	base = malloc(size);
1114 	bzero(base, size);
1115 	return (base);
1116 }
1117 
1118 /*
1119  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1120  */
1121 free(ptr)
1122 	char *ptr;
1123 {
1124 
1125 	/* do not worry about it for now */
1126 }
1127 
1128 /*
1129  * read a block from the file system
1130  */
1131 rdfs(bno, size, bf)
1132 	daddr_t bno;
1133 	int size;
1134 	char *bf;
1135 {
1136 	int n;
1137 
1138 	if (mfs) {
1139 		bcopy(membase + bno * sectorsize, bf, size);
1140 		return;
1141 	}
1142 	if (lseek(fsi, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, 0) < 0) {
1143 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", bno);
1144 		perror("rdfs");
1145 		exit(33);
1146 	}
1147 	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
1148 	if (n != size) {
1149 		printf("read error: %ld\n", bno);
1150 		perror("rdfs");
1151 		exit(34);
1152 	}
1153 }
1154 
1155 /*
1156  * write a block to the file system
1157  */
1158 wtfs(bno, size, bf)
1159 	daddr_t bno;
1160 	int size;
1161 	char *bf;
1162 {
1163 	int n;
1164 
1165 	if (mfs) {
1166 		bcopy(bf, membase + bno * sectorsize, size);
1167 		return;
1168 	}
1169 	if (Nflag)
1170 		return;
1171 	if (lseek(fso, (off_t)bno * sectorsize, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1172 		printf("seek error: %ld\n", bno);
1173 		perror("wtfs");
1174 		exit(35);
1175 	}
1176 	n = write(fso, bf, size);
1177 	if (n != size) {
1178 		printf("write error: %ld\n", bno);
1179 		perror("wtfs");
1180 		exit(36);
1181 	}
1182 }
1183 
1184 /*
1185  * check if a block is available
1186  */
1187 isblock(fs, cp, h)
1188 	struct fs *fs;
1189 	unsigned char *cp;
1190 	int h;
1191 {
1192 	unsigned char mask;
1193 
1194 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1195 	case 8:
1196 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1197 	case 4:
1198 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1199 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1200 	case 2:
1201 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1202 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1203 	case 1:
1204 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1205 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1206 	default:
1207 #ifdef STANDALONE
1208 		printf("isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1209 #else
1210 		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1211 #endif
1212 		return (0);
1213 	}
1214 }
1215 
1216 /*
1217  * take a block out of the map
1218  */
1219 clrblock(fs, cp, h)
1220 	struct fs *fs;
1221 	unsigned char *cp;
1222 	int h;
1223 {
1224 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1225 	case 8:
1226 		cp[h] = 0;
1227 		return;
1228 	case 4:
1229 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1230 		return;
1231 	case 2:
1232 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1233 		return;
1234 	case 1:
1235 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1236 		return;
1237 	default:
1238 #ifdef STANDALONE
1239 		printf("clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1240 #else
1241 		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1242 #endif
1243 		return;
1244 	}
1245 }
1246 
1247 /*
1248  * put a block into the map
1249  */
1250 setblock(fs, cp, h)
1251 	struct fs *fs;
1252 	unsigned char *cp;
1253 	int h;
1254 {
1255 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1256 	case 8:
1257 		cp[h] = 0xff;
1258 		return;
1259 	case 4:
1260 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1261 		return;
1262 	case 2:
1263 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1264 		return;
1265 	case 1:
1266 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1267 		return;
1268 	default:
1269 #ifdef STANDALONE
1270 		printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1271 #else
1272 		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1273 #endif
1274 		return;
1275 	}
1276 }
1277 
1278 /*
1279  * Determine the number of characters in a
1280  * single line.
1281  */
1282 
1283 static int
1284 charsperline()
1285 {
1286 	int columns;
1287 	char *cp;
1288 	struct winsize ws;
1289 	extern char *getenv();
1290 
1291 	columns = 0;
1292 	if (ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1)
1293 		columns = ws.ws_col;
1294 	if (columns == 0 && (cp = getenv("COLUMNS")))
1295 		columns = atoi(cp);
1296 	if (columns == 0)
1297 		columns = 80;	/* last resort */
1298 	return columns;
1299 }
1300