xref: /freebsd/sbin/init/init.c (revision a0409676120c1e558d0ade943019934e0f15118d)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #ifndef lint
36 static const char copyright[] =
37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
38 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
39 #endif /* not lint */
40 
41 #ifndef lint
42 #if 0
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)init.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/15/93";
44 #endif
45 static const char rcsid[] =
46   "$FreeBSD$";
47 #endif /* not lint */
48 
49 #include <sys/param.h>
50 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
51 #include <sys/mman.h>
52 #include <sys/mount.h>
53 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
54 #include <sys/wait.h>
55 #include <sys/stat.h>
56 #include <sys/uio.h>
57 
58 #include <db.h>
59 #include <errno.h>
60 #include <fcntl.h>
61 #include <kenv.h>
62 #include <libutil.h>
63 #include <paths.h>
64 #include <signal.h>
65 #include <stdio.h>
66 #include <stdlib.h>
67 #include <string.h>
68 #include <syslog.h>
69 #include <time.h>
70 #include <ttyent.h>
71 #include <unistd.h>
72 #include <sys/reboot.h>
73 #include <err.h>
74 
75 #include <stdarg.h>
76 
77 #ifdef SECURE
78 #include <pwd.h>
79 #endif
80 
81 #ifdef LOGIN_CAP
82 #include <login_cap.h>
83 #endif
84 
85 #include "mntopts.h"
86 #include "pathnames.h"
87 
88 /*
89  * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
90  */
91 #define	GETTY_SPACING		 5	/* N secs minimum getty spacing */
92 #define	GETTY_SLEEP		30	/* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
93 #define	GETTY_NSPACE		 3	/* max. spacing count to bring reaction */
94 #define	WINDOW_WAIT		 3	/* wait N secs after starting window */
95 #define	STALL_TIMEOUT		30	/* wait N secs after warning */
96 #define	DEATH_WATCH		10	/* wait N secs for procs to die */
97 #define	DEATH_SCRIPT		120	/* wait for 2min for /etc/rc.shutdown */
98 #define	RESOURCE_RC		"daemon"
99 #define	RESOURCE_WINDOW		"default"
100 #define	RESOURCE_GETTY		"default"
101 
102 static void handle(sig_t, ...);
103 static void delset(sigset_t *, ...);
104 
105 static void stall(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
106 static void warning(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
107 static void emergency(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
108 static void disaster(int);
109 static void revoke_ttys(void);
110 static int  runshutdown(void);
111 static char *strk(char *);
112 
113 /*
114  * We really need a recursive typedef...
115  * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
116  * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
117  */
118 typedef long (*state_func_t)(void);
119 typedef state_func_t (*state_t)(void);
120 
121 static state_func_t single_user(void);
122 static state_func_t runcom(void);
123 static state_func_t read_ttys(void);
124 static state_func_t multi_user(void);
125 static state_func_t clean_ttys(void);
126 static state_func_t catatonia(void);
127 static state_func_t death(void);
128 static state_func_t death_single(void);
129 static state_func_t reroot(void);
130 static state_func_t reroot_phase_two(void);
131 
132 static state_func_t run_script(const char *);
133 
134 static enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
135 #define FALSE	0
136 #define TRUE	1
137 
138 static int Reboot = FALSE;
139 static int howto = RB_AUTOBOOT;
140 
141 static int devfs;
142 static char *init_path_argv0;
143 
144 static void transition(state_t);
145 static state_t requested_transition;
146 static state_t current_state = death_single;
147 
148 static void execute_script(char *argv[]);
149 static void open_console(void);
150 static const char *get_shell(void);
151 static void replace_init(char *path);
152 static void write_stderr(const char *message);
153 
154 typedef struct init_session {
155 	pid_t	se_process;		/* controlling process */
156 	time_t	se_started;		/* used to avoid thrashing */
157 	int	se_flags;		/* status of session */
158 #define	SE_SHUTDOWN	0x1		/* session won't be restarted */
159 #define	SE_PRESENT	0x2		/* session is in /etc/ttys */
160 #define	SE_IFEXISTS	0x4		/* session defined as "onifexists" */
161 #define	SE_IFCONSOLE	0x8		/* session defined as "onifconsole" */
162 	int	se_nspace;		/* spacing count */
163 	char	*se_device;		/* filename of port */
164 	char	*se_getty;		/* what to run on that port */
165 	char	*se_getty_argv_space;   /* pre-parsed argument array space */
166 	char	**se_getty_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
167 	char	*se_window;		/* window system (started only once) */
168 	char	*se_window_argv_space;  /* pre-parsed argument array space */
169 	char	**se_window_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
170 	char	*se_type;		/* default terminal type */
171 	struct	init_session *se_prev;
172 	struct	init_session *se_next;
173 } session_t;
174 
175 static void free_session(session_t *);
176 static session_t *new_session(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
177 static session_t *sessions;
178 
179 static char **construct_argv(char *);
180 static void start_window_system(session_t *);
181 static void collect_child(pid_t);
182 static pid_t start_getty(session_t *);
183 static void transition_handler(int);
184 static void alrm_handler(int);
185 static void setsecuritylevel(int);
186 static int getsecuritylevel(void);
187 static int setupargv(session_t *, struct ttyent *);
188 #ifdef LOGIN_CAP
189 static void setprocresources(const char *);
190 #endif
191 static int clang;
192 
193 static int start_session_db(void);
194 static void add_session(session_t *);
195 static void del_session(session_t *);
196 static session_t *find_session(pid_t);
197 static DB *session_db;
198 
199 /*
200  * The mother of all processes.
201  */
202 int
203 main(int argc, char *argv[])
204 {
205 	state_t initial_transition = runcom;
206 	char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
207 	int c, error;
208 	struct sigaction sa;
209 	sigset_t mask;
210 
211 	/* Dispose of random users. */
212 	if (getuid() != 0)
213 		errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM));
214 
215 	/* System V users like to reexec init. */
216 	if (getpid() != 1) {
217 #ifdef COMPAT_SYSV_INIT
218 		/* So give them what they want */
219 		if (argc > 1) {
220 			if (strlen(argv[1]) == 1) {
221 				char runlevel = *argv[1];
222 				int sig;
223 
224 				switch (runlevel) {
225 				case '0': /* halt + poweroff */
226 					sig = SIGUSR2;
227 					break;
228 				case '1': /* single-user */
229 					sig = SIGTERM;
230 					break;
231 				case '6': /* reboot */
232 					sig = SIGINT;
233 					break;
234 				case 'c': /* block further logins */
235 					sig = SIGTSTP;
236 					break;
237 				case 'q': /* rescan /etc/ttys */
238 					sig = SIGHUP;
239 					break;
240 				case 'r': /* remount root */
241 					sig = SIGEMT;
242 					break;
243 				default:
244 					goto invalid;
245 				}
246 				kill(1, sig);
247 				_exit(0);
248 			} else
249 invalid:
250 				errx(1, "invalid run-level ``%s''", argv[1]);
251 		} else
252 #endif
253 			errx(1, "already running");
254 	}
255 
256 	init_path_argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);
257 	if (init_path_argv0 == NULL)
258 		err(1, "strdup");
259 
260 	/*
261 	 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
262 	 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
263 	 */
264 	openlog("init", LOG_CONS, LOG_AUTH);
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Create an initial session.
268 	 */
269 	if (setsid() < 0 && (errno != EPERM || getsid(0) != 1))
270 		warning("initial setsid() failed: %m");
271 
272 	/*
273 	 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
274 	 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
275 	 */
276 	if (setlogin("root") < 0)
277 		warning("setlogin() failed: %m");
278 
279 	/*
280 	 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
281 	 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
282 	 */
283 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "dsfr")) != -1)
284 		switch (c) {
285 		case 'd':
286 			devfs = 1;
287 			break;
288 		case 's':
289 			initial_transition = single_user;
290 			break;
291 		case 'f':
292 			runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
293 			break;
294 		case 'r':
295 			initial_transition = reroot_phase_two;
296 			break;
297 		default:
298 			warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
299 			break;
300 		}
301 
302 	if (optind != argc)
303 		warning("ignoring excess arguments");
304 
305 	/*
306 	 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
307 	 * so that they get reset on exec.
308 	 */
309 	handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
310 	    SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, 0);
311 	handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
312 	    SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGWINCH, 0);
313 	handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
314 	sigfillset(&mask);
315 	delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
316 	    SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGEMT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP,
317 	    SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGWINCH, 0);
318 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
319 	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
320 	sa.sa_flags = 0;
321 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
322 	sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, NULL);
323 	sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, NULL);
324 
325 	/*
326 	 * Paranoia.
327 	 */
328 	close(0);
329 	close(1);
330 	close(2);
331 
332 	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_exec", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
333 		replace_init(kenv_value);
334 		_exit(0); /* reboot */
335 	}
336 
337 	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_script", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
338 		state_func_t next_transition;
339 
340 		if ((next_transition = run_script(kenv_value)) != NULL)
341 			initial_transition = (state_t) next_transition;
342 	}
343 
344 	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_chroot", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0) {
345 		if (chdir(kenv_value) != 0 || chroot(".") != 0)
346 			warning("Can't chroot to %s: %m", kenv_value);
347 	}
348 
349 	/*
350 	 * Additional check if devfs needs to be mounted:
351 	 * If "/" and "/dev" have the same device number,
352 	 * then it hasn't been mounted yet.
353 	 */
354 	if (!devfs) {
355 		struct stat stst;
356 		dev_t root_devno;
357 
358 		stat("/", &stst);
359 		root_devno = stst.st_dev;
360 		if (stat("/dev", &stst) != 0)
361 			warning("Can't stat /dev: %m");
362 		else if (stst.st_dev == root_devno)
363 			devfs++;
364 	}
365 
366 	if (devfs) {
367 		struct iovec iov[4];
368 		char *s;
369 		int i;
370 
371 		char _fstype[]	= "fstype";
372 		char _devfs[]	= "devfs";
373 		char _fspath[]	= "fspath";
374 		char _path_dev[]= _PATH_DEV;
375 
376 		iov[0].iov_base = _fstype;
377 		iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(_fstype);
378 		iov[1].iov_base = _devfs;
379 		iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(_devfs);
380 		iov[2].iov_base = _fspath;
381 		iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(_fspath);
382 		/*
383 		 * Try to avoid the trailing slash in _PATH_DEV.
384 		 * Be *very* defensive.
385 		 */
386 		s = strdup(_PATH_DEV);
387 		if (s != NULL) {
388 			i = strlen(s);
389 			if (i > 0 && s[i - 1] == '/')
390 				s[i - 1] = '\0';
391 			iov[3].iov_base = s;
392 			iov[3].iov_len = strlen(s) + 1;
393 		} else {
394 			iov[3].iov_base = _path_dev;
395 			iov[3].iov_len = sizeof(_path_dev);
396 		}
397 		nmount(iov, 4, 0);
398 		if (s != NULL)
399 			free(s);
400 	}
401 
402 	if (initial_transition != reroot_phase_two) {
403 		/*
404 		 * Unmount reroot leftovers.  This runs after init(8)
405 		 * gets reexecuted after reroot_phase_two() is done.
406 		 */
407 		error = unmount(_PATH_REROOT, MNT_FORCE);
408 		if (error != 0 && errno != EINVAL)
409 			warning("Cannot unmount %s: %m", _PATH_REROOT);
410 	}
411 
412 	/*
413 	 * Start the state machine.
414 	 */
415 	transition(initial_transition);
416 
417 	/*
418 	 * Should never reach here.
419 	 */
420 	return 1;
421 }
422 
423 /*
424  * Associate a function with a signal handler.
425  */
426 static void
427 handle(sig_t handler, ...)
428 {
429 	int sig;
430 	struct sigaction sa;
431 	sigset_t mask_everything;
432 	va_list ap;
433 	va_start(ap, handler);
434 
435 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
436 	sigfillset(&mask_everything);
437 
438 	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0) {
439 		sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
440 		/* XXX SA_RESTART? */
441 		sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
442 		sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
443 	}
444 	va_end(ap);
445 }
446 
447 /*
448  * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
449  */
450 static void
451 delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
452 {
453 	int sig;
454 	va_list ap;
455 	va_start(ap, maskp);
456 
457 	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0)
458 		sigdelset(maskp, sig);
459 	va_end(ap);
460 }
461 
462 /*
463  * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
464  * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
465  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
466  */
467 static void
468 stall(const char *message, ...)
469 {
470 	va_list ap;
471 	va_start(ap, message);
472 
473 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
474 	va_end(ap);
475 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
476 }
477 
478 /*
479  * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
480  * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
481  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
482  */
483 static void
484 warning(const char *message, ...)
485 {
486 	va_list ap;
487 	va_start(ap, message);
488 
489 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
490 	va_end(ap);
491 }
492 
493 /*
494  * Log an emergency message.
495  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
496  */
497 static void
498 emergency(const char *message, ...)
499 {
500 	va_list ap;
501 	va_start(ap, message);
502 
503 	vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
504 	va_end(ap);
505 }
506 
507 /*
508  * Catch an unexpected signal.
509  */
510 static void
511 disaster(int sig)
512 {
513 
514 	emergency("fatal signal: %s",
515 	    (unsigned)sig < NSIG ? sys_siglist[sig] : "unknown signal");
516 
517 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
518 	_exit(sig);		/* reboot */
519 }
520 
521 /*
522  * Get the security level of the kernel.
523  */
524 static int
525 getsecuritylevel(void)
526 {
527 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
528 	int name[2], curlevel;
529 	size_t len;
530 
531 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
532 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
533 	len = sizeof curlevel;
534 	if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
535 		emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %m");
536 		return (-1);
537 	}
538 	return (curlevel);
539 #else
540 	return (-1);
541 #endif
542 }
543 
544 /*
545  * Set the security level of the kernel.
546  */
547 static void
548 setsecuritylevel(int newlevel)
549 {
550 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
551 	int name[2], curlevel;
552 
553 	curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
554 	if (newlevel == curlevel)
555 		return;
556 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
557 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
558 	if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
559 		emergency(
560 		    "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %m",
561 		    curlevel, newlevel);
562 		return;
563 	}
564 #ifdef SECURE
565 	warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
566 	    curlevel, newlevel);
567 #endif
568 #endif
569 }
570 
571 /*
572  * Change states in the finite state machine.
573  * The initial state is passed as an argument.
574  */
575 static void
576 transition(state_t s)
577 {
578 
579 	current_state = s;
580 	for (;;)
581 		current_state = (state_t) (*current_state)();
582 }
583 
584 /*
585  * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
586  * Only called by children of init after forking.
587  */
588 static void
589 open_console(void)
590 {
591 	int fd;
592 
593 	/*
594 	 * Try to open /dev/console.  Open the device with O_NONBLOCK to
595 	 * prevent potential blocking on a carrier.
596 	 */
597 	revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
598 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_CONSOLE, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK)) != -1) {
599 		(void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) & ~O_NONBLOCK);
600 		if (login_tty(fd) == 0)
601 			return;
602 		close(fd);
603 	}
604 
605 	/* No luck.  Log output to file if possible. */
606 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
607 		stall("cannot open null device.");
608 		_exit(1);
609 	}
610 	if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
611 		dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
612 		close(fd);
613 	}
614 	fd = open(_PATH_INITLOG, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0644);
615 	if (fd == -1)
616 		dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
617 	else if (fd != STDOUT_FILENO) {
618 		dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
619 		close(fd);
620 	}
621 	dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
622 }
623 
624 static const char *
625 get_shell(void)
626 {
627 	static char kenv_value[PATH_MAX];
628 
629 	if (kenv(KENV_GET, "init_shell", kenv_value, sizeof(kenv_value)) > 0)
630 		return kenv_value;
631 	else
632 		return _PATH_BSHELL;
633 }
634 
635 static void
636 write_stderr(const char *message)
637 {
638 
639 	write(STDERR_FILENO, message, strlen(message));
640 }
641 
642 static int
643 read_file(const char *path, void **bufp, size_t *bufsizep)
644 {
645 	struct stat sb;
646 	size_t bufsize;
647 	void *buf;
648 	ssize_t nbytes;
649 	int error, fd;
650 
651 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
652 	if (fd < 0) {
653 		emergency("%s: %m", path);
654 		return (-1);
655 	}
656 
657 	error = fstat(fd, &sb);
658 	if (error != 0) {
659 		emergency("fstat: %m");
660 		close(fd);
661 		return (error);
662 	}
663 
664 	bufsize = sb.st_size;
665 	buf = malloc(bufsize);
666 	if (buf == NULL) {
667 		emergency("malloc: %m");
668 		close(fd);
669 		return (error);
670 	}
671 
672 	nbytes = read(fd, buf, bufsize);
673 	if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
674 		emergency("read: %m");
675 		close(fd);
676 		free(buf);
677 		return (error);
678 	}
679 
680 	error = close(fd);
681 	if (error != 0) {
682 		emergency("close: %m");
683 		free(buf);
684 		return (error);
685 	}
686 
687 	*bufp = buf;
688 	*bufsizep = bufsize;
689 
690 	return (0);
691 }
692 
693 static int
694 create_file(const char *path, const void *buf, size_t bufsize)
695 {
696 	ssize_t nbytes;
697 	int error, fd;
698 
699 	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0700);
700 	if (fd < 0) {
701 		emergency("%s: %m", path);
702 		return (-1);
703 	}
704 
705 	nbytes = write(fd, buf, bufsize);
706 	if (nbytes != (ssize_t)bufsize) {
707 		emergency("write: %m");
708 		close(fd);
709 		return (-1);
710 	}
711 
712 	error = close(fd);
713 	if (error != 0) {
714 		emergency("close: %m");
715 		return (-1);
716 	}
717 
718 	return (0);
719 }
720 
721 static int
722 mount_tmpfs(const char *fspath)
723 {
724 	struct iovec *iov;
725 	char errmsg[255];
726 	int error, iovlen;
727 
728 	iov = NULL;
729 	iovlen = 0;
730 	memset(errmsg, 0, sizeof(errmsg));
731 	build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fstype",
732 	    __DECONST(void *, "tmpfs"), (size_t)-1);
733 	build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "fspath",
734 	    __DECONST(void *, fspath), (size_t)-1);
735 	build_iovec(&iov, &iovlen, "errmsg",
736 	    errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
737 
738 	error = nmount(iov, iovlen, 0);
739 	if (error != 0) {
740 		if (*errmsg != '\0') {
741 			emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %s: %m",
742 			    fspath, errmsg);
743 		} else {
744 			emergency("cannot mount tmpfs on %s: %m",
745 			    fspath);
746 		}
747 		return (error);
748 	}
749 	return (0);
750 }
751 
752 static state_func_t
753 reroot(void)
754 {
755 	void *buf;
756 	size_t bufsize;
757 	int error;
758 
759 	buf = NULL;
760 	bufsize = 0;
761 
762 	revoke_ttys();
763 	runshutdown();
764 
765 	/*
766 	 * Make sure nobody can interfere with our scheme.
767 	 * Ignore ESRCH, which can apparently happen when
768 	 * there are no processes to kill.
769 	 */
770 	error = kill(-1, SIGKILL);
771 	if (error != 0 && errno != ESRCH) {
772 		emergency("kill(2) failed: %m");
773 		goto out;
774 	}
775 
776 	/*
777 	 * Copy the init binary into tmpfs, so that we can unmount
778 	 * the old rootfs without committing suicide.
779 	 */
780 	error = read_file(init_path_argv0, &buf, &bufsize);
781 	if (error != 0)
782 		goto out;
783 	error = mount_tmpfs(_PATH_REROOT);
784 	if (error != 0)
785 		goto out;
786 	error = create_file(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, buf, bufsize);
787 	if (error != 0)
788 		goto out;
789 
790 	/*
791 	 * Execute the temporary init.
792 	 */
793 	execl(_PATH_REROOT_INIT, _PATH_REROOT_INIT, "-r", NULL);
794 	emergency("cannot exec %s: %m", _PATH_REROOT_INIT);
795 
796 out:
797 	emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
798 	free(buf);
799 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
800 }
801 
802 static state_func_t
803 reroot_phase_two(void)
804 {
805 	char init_path[PATH_MAX], *path, *path_component;
806 	size_t init_path_len;
807 	int nbytes, error;
808 
809 	/*
810 	 * Ask the kernel to mount the new rootfs.
811 	 */
812 	error = reboot(RB_REROOT);
813 	if (error != 0) {
814 		emergency("RB_REBOOT failed: %m");
815 		goto out;
816 	}
817 
818 	/*
819 	 * Figure out where the destination init(8) binary is.  Note that
820 	 * the path could be different than what we've started with.  Use
821 	 * the value from kenv, if set, or the one from sysctl otherwise.
822 	 * The latter defaults to a hardcoded value, but can be overridden
823 	 * by a build time option.
824 	 */
825 	nbytes = kenv(KENV_GET, "init_path", init_path, sizeof(init_path));
826 	if (nbytes <= 0) {
827 		init_path_len = sizeof(init_path);
828 		error = sysctlbyname("kern.init_path",
829 		    init_path, &init_path_len, NULL, 0);
830 		if (error != 0) {
831 			emergency("failed to retrieve kern.init_path: %m");
832 			goto out;
833 		}
834 	}
835 
836 	/*
837 	 * Repeat the init search logic from sys/kern/init_path.c
838 	 */
839 	path_component = init_path;
840 	while ((path = strsep(&path_component, ":")) != NULL) {
841 		/*
842 		 * Execute init(8) from the new rootfs.
843 		 */
844 		execl(path, path, NULL);
845 	}
846 	emergency("cannot exec init from %s: %m", init_path);
847 
848 out:
849 	emergency("reroot failed; going to single user mode");
850 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
851 }
852 
853 /*
854  * Bring the system up single user.
855  */
856 static state_func_t
857 single_user(void)
858 {
859 	pid_t pid, wpid;
860 	int status;
861 	sigset_t mask;
862 	const char *shell;
863 	char *argv[2];
864 	struct timeval tv, tn;
865 #ifdef SECURE
866 	struct ttyent *typ;
867 	struct passwd *pp;
868 	static const char banner[] =
869 		"Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n";
870 	char *clear, *password;
871 #endif
872 #ifdef DEBUGSHELL
873 	char altshell[128];
874 #endif
875 
876 	if (Reboot) {
877 		/* Instead of going single user, let's reboot the machine */
878 		sync();
879 		if (reboot(howto) == -1) {
880 			emergency("reboot(%#x) failed, %m", howto);
881 			_exit(1); /* panic and reboot */
882 		}
883 		warning("reboot(%#x) returned", howto);
884 		_exit(0); /* panic as well */
885 	}
886 
887 	shell = get_shell();
888 
889 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
890 		/*
891 		 * Start the single user session.
892 		 */
893 		open_console();
894 
895 #ifdef SECURE
896 		/*
897 		 * Check the root password.
898 		 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
899 		 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
900 		 */
901 		typ = getttynam("console");
902 		pp = getpwnam("root");
903 		if (typ && (typ->ty_status & TTY_SECURE) == 0 &&
904 		    pp && *pp->pw_passwd) {
905 			write_stderr(banner);
906 			for (;;) {
907 				clear = getpass("Password:");
908 				if (clear == NULL || *clear == '\0')
909 					_exit(0);
910 				password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
911 				explicit_bzero(clear, _PASSWORD_LEN);
912 				if (password != NULL &&
913 				    strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
914 					break;
915 				warning("single-user login failed\n");
916 			}
917 		}
918 		endttyent();
919 		endpwent();
920 #endif /* SECURE */
921 
922 #ifdef DEBUGSHELL
923 		{
924 			char *cp = altshell;
925 			int num;
926 
927 #define	SHREQUEST "Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for "
928 			write_stderr(SHREQUEST);
929 			write_stderr(shell);
930 			write_stderr(": ");
931 			while ((num = read(STDIN_FILENO, cp, 1)) != -1 &&
932 			    num != 0 && *cp != '\n' && cp < &altshell[127])
933 				cp++;
934 			*cp = '\0';
935 			if (altshell[0] != '\0')
936 				shell = altshell;
937 		}
938 #endif /* DEBUGSHELL */
939 
940 		/*
941 		 * Unblock signals.
942 		 * We catch all the interesting ones,
943 		 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
944 		 */
945 		sigemptyset(&mask);
946 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
947 
948 		/*
949 		 * Fire off a shell.
950 		 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
951 		 */
952 
953 		char name[] = "-sh";
954 
955 		argv[0] = name;
956 		argv[1] = NULL;
957 		execv(shell, argv);
958 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
959 		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
960 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
961 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
962 		_exit(1);
963 	}
964 
965 	if (pid == -1) {
966 		/*
967 		 * We are seriously hosed.  Do our best.
968 		 */
969 		emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
970 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
971 			continue;
972 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
973 	}
974 
975 	requested_transition = 0;
976 	do {
977 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
978 			collect_child(wpid);
979 		if (wpid == -1) {
980 			if (errno == EINTR)
981 				continue;
982 			warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
983 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
984 		}
985 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
986 			warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
987 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
988 			wpid = -1;
989 		}
990 	} while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
991 
992 	if (requested_transition)
993 		return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
994 
995 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
996 		if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
997 			/*
998 			 *  reboot(8) killed shell?
999 			 */
1000 			warning("single user shell terminated.");
1001 			gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1002 			tn = tv;
1003 			tv.tv_sec += STALL_TIMEOUT;
1004 			while (tv.tv_sec > tn.tv_sec || (tv.tv_sec ==
1005 			    tn.tv_sec && tv.tv_usec > tn.tv_usec)) {
1006 				sleep(1);
1007 				gettimeofday(&tn, NULL);
1008 			}
1009 			_exit(0);
1010 		} else {
1011 			warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
1012 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1013 		}
1014 	}
1015 
1016 	runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
1017 	return (state_func_t) runcom;
1018 }
1019 
1020 /*
1021  * Run the system startup script.
1022  */
1023 static state_func_t
1024 runcom(void)
1025 {
1026 	state_func_t next_transition;
1027 
1028 	if ((next_transition = run_script(_PATH_RUNCOM)) != NULL)
1029 		return next_transition;
1030 
1031 	runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;		/* the default */
1032 	return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
1033 }
1034 
1035 static void
1036 execute_script(char *argv[])
1037 {
1038 	struct sigaction sa;
1039 	const char *shell, *script;
1040 	int error;
1041 
1042 	bzero(&sa, sizeof(sa));
1043 	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1044 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1045 	sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, NULL);
1046 	sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
1047 
1048 	open_console();
1049 
1050 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, NULL);
1051 #ifdef LOGIN_CAP
1052 	setprocresources(RESOURCE_RC);
1053 #endif
1054 
1055 	/*
1056 	 * Try to directly execute the script first.  If it
1057 	 * fails, try the old method of passing the script path
1058 	 * to sh(1).  Don't complain if it fails because of
1059 	 * the missing execute bit.
1060 	 */
1061 	script = argv[1];
1062 	error = access(script, X_OK);
1063 	if (error == 0) {
1064 		execv(script, argv + 1);
1065 		warning("can't directly exec %s: %m", script);
1066 	} else if (errno != EACCES) {
1067 		warning("can't access %s: %m", script);
1068 	}
1069 
1070 	shell = get_shell();
1071 	execv(shell, argv);
1072 	stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", shell, script);
1073 }
1074 
1075 /*
1076  * Execute binary, replacing init(8) as PID 1.
1077  */
1078 static void
1079 replace_init(char *path)
1080 {
1081 	char *argv[3];
1082 	char sh[] = "sh";
1083 
1084 	argv[0] = sh;
1085 	argv[1] = path;
1086 	argv[2] = NULL;
1087 
1088 	execute_script(argv);
1089 }
1090 
1091 /*
1092  * Run a shell script.
1093  * Returns 0 on success, otherwise the next transition to enter:
1094  *  - single_user if fork/execv/waitpid failed, or if the script
1095  *    terminated with a signal or exit code != 0.
1096  *  - death_single if a SIGTERM was delivered to init(8).
1097  */
1098 static state_func_t
1099 run_script(const char *script)
1100 {
1101 	pid_t pid, wpid;
1102 	int status;
1103 	char *argv[4];
1104 	const char *shell;
1105 
1106 	shell = get_shell();
1107 
1108 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1109 
1110 		char _sh[]		= "sh";
1111 		char _autoboot[]	= "autoboot";
1112 
1113 		argv[0] = _sh;
1114 		argv[1] = __DECONST(char *, script);
1115 		argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? _autoboot : 0;
1116 		argv[3] = NULL;
1117 
1118 		execute_script(argv);
1119 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1120 		_exit(1);	/* force single user mode */
1121 	}
1122 
1123 	if (pid == -1) {
1124 		emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m", shell, script);
1125 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1126 			continue;
1127 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1128 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1129 	}
1130 
1131 	/*
1132 	 * Copied from single_user().  This is a bit paranoid.
1133 	 */
1134 	requested_transition = 0;
1135 	do {
1136 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1137 			collect_child(wpid);
1138 		if (wpid == -1) {
1139 			if (requested_transition == death_single ||
1140 			    requested_transition == reroot)
1141 				return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1142 			if (errno == EINTR)
1143 				continue;
1144 			warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to "
1145 			    "single user mode", shell, script);
1146 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1147 		}
1148 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1149 			warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
1150 			    shell, script);
1151 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
1152 			wpid = -1;
1153 		}
1154 	} while (wpid != pid);
1155 
1156 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1157 	    requested_transition == catatonia) {
1158 		/* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
1159 		sigset_t s;
1160 
1161 		sigfillset(&s);
1162 		for (;;)
1163 			sigsuspend(&s);
1164 	}
1165 
1166 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1167 		warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single "
1168 		    "user mode", shell, script);
1169 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1170 	}
1171 
1172 	if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
1173 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1174 
1175 	return (state_func_t) 0;
1176 }
1177 
1178 /*
1179  * Open the session database.
1180  *
1181  * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
1182  */
1183 static int
1184 start_session_db(void)
1185 {
1186 	if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
1187 		emergency("session database close: %m");
1188 	if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == NULL) {
1189 		emergency("session database open: %m");
1190 		return (1);
1191 	}
1192 	return (0);
1193 
1194 }
1195 
1196 /*
1197  * Add a new login session.
1198  */
1199 static void
1200 add_session(session_t *sp)
1201 {
1202 	DBT key;
1203 	DBT data;
1204 
1205 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
1206 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1207 	data.data = &sp;
1208 	data.size = sizeof sp;
1209 
1210 	if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
1211 		emergency("insert %d: %m", sp->se_process);
1212 }
1213 
1214 /*
1215  * Delete an old login session.
1216  */
1217 static void
1218 del_session(session_t *sp)
1219 {
1220 	DBT key;
1221 
1222 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
1223 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
1224 
1225 	if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
1226 		emergency("delete %d: %m", sp->se_process);
1227 }
1228 
1229 /*
1230  * Look up a login session by pid.
1231  */
1232 static session_t *
1233 find_session(pid_t pid)
1234 {
1235 	DBT key;
1236 	DBT data;
1237 	session_t *ret;
1238 
1239 	key.data = &pid;
1240 	key.size = sizeof pid;
1241 	if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
1242 		return 0;
1243 	bcopy(data.data, (char *)&ret, sizeof(ret));
1244 	return ret;
1245 }
1246 
1247 /*
1248  * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
1249  */
1250 static char **
1251 construct_argv(char *command)
1252 {
1253 	int argc = 0;
1254 	char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
1255 						* sizeof (char *));
1256 
1257 	if ((argv[argc++] = strk(command)) == NULL) {
1258 		free(argv);
1259 		return (NULL);
1260 	}
1261 	while ((argv[argc++] = strk((char *) 0)) != NULL)
1262 		continue;
1263 	return argv;
1264 }
1265 
1266 /*
1267  * Deallocate a session descriptor.
1268  */
1269 static void
1270 free_session(session_t *sp)
1271 {
1272 	free(sp->se_device);
1273 	if (sp->se_getty) {
1274 		free(sp->se_getty);
1275 		free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1276 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1277 	}
1278 	if (sp->se_window) {
1279 		free(sp->se_window);
1280 		free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1281 		free(sp->se_window_argv);
1282 	}
1283 	if (sp->se_type)
1284 		free(sp->se_type);
1285 	free(sp);
1286 }
1287 
1288 /*
1289  * Allocate a new session descriptor.
1290  * Mark it SE_PRESENT.
1291  */
1292 static session_t *
1293 new_session(session_t *sprev, struct ttyent *typ)
1294 {
1295 	session_t *sp;
1296 
1297 	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1298 	    typ->ty_name == 0 ||
1299 	    typ->ty_getty == 0)
1300 		return 0;
1301 
1302 	sp = (session_t *) calloc(1, sizeof (session_t));
1303 
1304 	sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1305 
1306 	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFEXISTS) != 0)
1307 		sp->se_flags |= SE_IFEXISTS;
1308 
1309 	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_IFCONSOLE) != 0)
1310 		sp->se_flags |= SE_IFCONSOLE;
1311 
1312 	if (asprintf(&sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1313 		err(1, "asprintf");
1314 
1315 	if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1316 		free_session(sp);
1317 		return (0);
1318 	}
1319 
1320 	sp->se_next = 0;
1321 	if (sprev == NULL) {
1322 		sessions = sp;
1323 		sp->se_prev = 0;
1324 	} else {
1325 		sprev->se_next = sp;
1326 		sp->se_prev = sprev;
1327 	}
1328 
1329 	return sp;
1330 }
1331 
1332 /*
1333  * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
1334  */
1335 static int
1336 setupargv(session_t *sp, struct ttyent *typ)
1337 {
1338 
1339 	if (sp->se_getty) {
1340 		free(sp->se_getty);
1341 		free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1342 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
1343 	}
1344 	if (asprintf(&sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name) < 0)
1345 		err(1, "asprintf");
1346 	sp->se_getty_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_getty);
1347 	sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1348 	if (sp->se_getty_argv == NULL) {
1349 		warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
1350 		free(sp->se_getty);
1351 		free(sp->se_getty_argv_space);
1352 		sp->se_getty = sp->se_getty_argv_space = 0;
1353 		return (0);
1354 	}
1355 	if (sp->se_window) {
1356 		free(sp->se_window);
1357 		free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1358 		free(sp->se_window_argv);
1359 	}
1360 	sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1361 	sp->se_window_argv = 0;
1362 	if (typ->ty_window) {
1363 		sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
1364 		sp->se_window_argv_space = strdup(sp->se_window);
1365 		sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1366 		if (sp->se_window_argv == NULL) {
1367 			warning("can't parse window for port %s",
1368 			    sp->se_device);
1369 			free(sp->se_window_argv_space);
1370 			free(sp->se_window);
1371 			sp->se_window = sp->se_window_argv_space = 0;
1372 			return (0);
1373 		}
1374 	}
1375 	if (sp->se_type)
1376 		free(sp->se_type);
1377 	sp->se_type = typ->ty_type ? strdup(typ->ty_type) : 0;
1378 	return (1);
1379 }
1380 
1381 /*
1382  * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
1383  */
1384 static state_func_t
1385 read_ttys(void)
1386 {
1387 	session_t *sp, *snext;
1388 	struct ttyent *typ;
1389 
1390 	/*
1391 	 * Destroy any previous session state.
1392 	 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
1393 	 */
1394 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
1395 		snext = sp->se_next;
1396 		free_session(sp);
1397 	}
1398 	sessions = 0;
1399 	if (start_session_db())
1400 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1401 
1402 	/*
1403 	 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1404 	 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1405 	 */
1406 	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL)
1407 		if ((snext = new_session(sp, typ)) != NULL)
1408 			sp = snext;
1409 
1410 	endttyent();
1411 
1412 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1413 }
1414 
1415 /*
1416  * Start a window system running.
1417  */
1418 static void
1419 start_window_system(session_t *sp)
1420 {
1421 	pid_t pid;
1422 	sigset_t mask;
1423 	char term[64], *env[2];
1424 	int status;
1425 
1426 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1427 		emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1428 		    sp->se_device);
1429 		/* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1430 		return;
1431 	}
1432 	if (pid) {
1433 		waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
1434 		return;
1435 	}
1436 
1437 	/* reparent window process to the init to not make a zombie on exit */
1438 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1439 		emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1440 		    sp->se_device);
1441 		_exit(1);
1442 	}
1443 	if (pid)
1444 		_exit(0);
1445 
1446 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1447 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
1448 
1449 	if (setsid() < 0)
1450 		emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1451 
1452 #ifdef LOGIN_CAP
1453 	setprocresources(RESOURCE_WINDOW);
1454 #endif
1455 	if (sp->se_type) {
1456 		/* Don't use malloc after fork */
1457 		strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1458 		strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1459 		env[0] = term;
1460 		env[1] = NULL;
1461 	}
1462 	else
1463 		env[0] = NULL;
1464 	execve(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv, env);
1465 	stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1466 		sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1467 	_exit(1);
1468 }
1469 
1470 /*
1471  * Start a login session running.
1472  */
1473 static pid_t
1474 start_getty(session_t *sp)
1475 {
1476 	pid_t pid;
1477 	sigset_t mask;
1478 	time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1479 	int too_quick = 0;
1480 	char term[64], *env[2];
1481 
1482 	if (current_time >= sp->se_started &&
1483 	    current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1484 		if (++sp->se_nspace > GETTY_NSPACE) {
1485 			sp->se_nspace = 0;
1486 			too_quick = 1;
1487 		}
1488 	} else
1489 		sp->se_nspace = 0;
1490 
1491 	/*
1492 	 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1493 	 */
1494 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1495 		emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1496 		return -1;
1497 	}
1498 
1499 	if (pid)
1500 		return pid;
1501 
1502 	if (too_quick) {
1503 		warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping %d secs",
1504 		    sp->se_device, GETTY_SLEEP);
1505 		sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1506 	}
1507 
1508 	if (sp->se_window) {
1509 		start_window_system(sp);
1510 		sleep(WINDOW_WAIT);
1511 	}
1512 
1513 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1514 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
1515 
1516 #ifdef LOGIN_CAP
1517 	setprocresources(RESOURCE_GETTY);
1518 #endif
1519 	if (sp->se_type) {
1520 		/* Don't use malloc after fork */
1521 		strcpy(term, "TERM=");
1522 		strlcat(term, sp->se_type, sizeof(term));
1523 		env[0] = term;
1524 		env[1] = NULL;
1525 	} else
1526 		env[0] = NULL;
1527 	execve(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv, env);
1528 	stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1529 		sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1530 	_exit(1);
1531 }
1532 
1533 /*
1534  * Return 1 if the session is defined as "onifexists"
1535  * or "onifconsole" and the device node does not exist.
1536  */
1537 static int
1538 session_has_no_tty(session_t *sp)
1539 {
1540 	int fd;
1541 
1542 	if ((sp->se_flags & SE_IFEXISTS) == 0 &&
1543 	    (sp->se_flags & SE_IFCONSOLE) == 0)
1544 		return (0);
1545 
1546 	fd = open(sp->se_device, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, 0);
1547 	if (fd < 0) {
1548 		if (errno == ENOENT)
1549 			return (1);
1550 		return (0);
1551 	}
1552 
1553 	close(fd);
1554 	return (0);
1555 }
1556 
1557 /*
1558  * Collect exit status for a child.
1559  * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1560  */
1561 static void
1562 collect_child(pid_t pid)
1563 {
1564 	session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1565 
1566 	if (! sessions)
1567 		return;
1568 
1569 	if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1570 		return;
1571 
1572 	del_session(sp);
1573 	sp->se_process = 0;
1574 
1575 	if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN ||
1576 	    session_has_no_tty(sp)) {
1577 		if ((sprev = sp->se_prev) != NULL)
1578 			sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1579 		else
1580 			sessions = sp->se_next;
1581 		if ((snext = sp->se_next) != NULL)
1582 			snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1583 		free_session(sp);
1584 		return;
1585 	}
1586 
1587 	if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1588 		/* serious trouble */
1589 		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1590 		return;
1591 	}
1592 
1593 	sp->se_process = pid;
1594 	sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1595 	add_session(sp);
1596 }
1597 
1598 /*
1599  * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1600  */
1601 static void
1602 transition_handler(int sig)
1603 {
1604 
1605 	switch (sig) {
1606 	case SIGHUP:
1607 		if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1608 		    current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1609 			requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1610 		break;
1611 	case SIGUSR2:
1612 		howto = RB_POWEROFF;
1613 	case SIGUSR1:
1614 		howto |= RB_HALT;
1615 	case SIGWINCH:
1616 	case SIGINT:
1617 		if (sig == SIGWINCH)
1618 			howto |= RB_POWERCYCLE;
1619 		Reboot = TRUE;
1620 	case SIGTERM:
1621 		if (current_state == read_ttys || current_state == multi_user ||
1622 		    current_state == clean_ttys || current_state == catatonia)
1623 			requested_transition = death;
1624 		else
1625 			requested_transition = death_single;
1626 		break;
1627 	case SIGTSTP:
1628 		if (current_state == runcom || current_state == read_ttys ||
1629 		    current_state == clean_ttys ||
1630 		    current_state == multi_user || current_state == catatonia)
1631 			requested_transition = catatonia;
1632 		break;
1633 	case SIGEMT:
1634 		requested_transition = reroot;
1635 		break;
1636 	default:
1637 		requested_transition = 0;
1638 		break;
1639 	}
1640 }
1641 
1642 /*
1643  * Take the system multiuser.
1644  */
1645 static state_func_t
1646 multi_user(void)
1647 {
1648 	pid_t pid;
1649 	session_t *sp;
1650 
1651 	requested_transition = 0;
1652 
1653 	/*
1654 	 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1655 	 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1656 	 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1657 	 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1658 	 */
1659 	if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1660 		setsecuritylevel(1);
1661 
1662 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1663 		if (sp->se_process)
1664 			continue;
1665 		if (session_has_no_tty(sp))
1666 			continue;
1667 		if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1668 			/* serious trouble */
1669 			requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1670 			break;
1671 		}
1672 		sp->se_process = pid;
1673 		sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1674 		add_session(sp);
1675 	}
1676 
1677 	while (!requested_transition)
1678 		if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1679 			collect_child(pid);
1680 
1681 	return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1682 }
1683 
1684 /*
1685  * This is an (n*2)+(n^2) algorithm.  We hope it isn't run often...
1686  */
1687 static state_func_t
1688 clean_ttys(void)
1689 {
1690 	session_t *sp, *sprev;
1691 	struct ttyent *typ;
1692 	int devlen;
1693 	char *old_getty, *old_window, *old_type;
1694 
1695 	/*
1696 	 * mark all sessions for death, (!SE_PRESENT)
1697 	 * as we find or create new ones they'll be marked as keepers,
1698 	 * we'll later nuke all the ones not found in /etc/ttys
1699 	 */
1700 	for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next)
1701 		sp->se_flags &= ~SE_PRESENT;
1702 
1703 	devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1704 	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL) {
1705 		for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1706 			if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1707 				break;
1708 
1709 		if (sp) {
1710 			/* we want this one to live */
1711 			sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1712 			if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1713 			    typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1714 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1715 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1716 				continue;
1717 			}
1718 			sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1719 			old_getty = sp->se_getty ? strdup(sp->se_getty) : 0;
1720 			old_window = sp->se_window ? strdup(sp->se_window) : 0;
1721 			old_type = sp->se_type ? strdup(sp->se_type) : 0;
1722 			if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1723 				warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1724 					sp->se_device);
1725 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1726 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1727 			}
1728 			else if (   !old_getty
1729 				 || (!old_type && sp->se_type)
1730 				 || (old_type && !sp->se_type)
1731 				 || (!old_window && sp->se_window)
1732 				 || (old_window && !sp->se_window)
1733 				 || (strcmp(old_getty, sp->se_getty) != 0)
1734 				 || (old_window && strcmp(old_window, sp->se_window) != 0)
1735 				 || (old_type && strcmp(old_type, sp->se_type) != 0)
1736 				) {
1737 				/* Don't set SE_SHUTDOWN here */
1738 				sp->se_nspace = 0;
1739 				sp->se_started = 0;
1740 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1741 			}
1742 			if (old_getty)
1743 				free(old_getty);
1744 			if (old_window)
1745 				free(old_window);
1746 			if (old_type)
1747 				free(old_type);
1748 			continue;
1749 		}
1750 
1751 		new_session(sprev, typ);
1752 	}
1753 
1754 	endttyent();
1755 
1756 	/*
1757 	 * sweep through and kill all deleted sessions
1758 	 * ones who's /etc/ttys line was deleted (SE_PRESENT unset)
1759 	 */
1760 	for (sp = sessions; sp != NULL; sp = sp->se_next) {
1761 		if ((sp->se_flags & SE_PRESENT) == 0) {
1762 			sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1763 			kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1764 		}
1765 	}
1766 
1767 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1768 }
1769 
1770 /*
1771  * Block further logins.
1772  */
1773 static state_func_t
1774 catatonia(void)
1775 {
1776 	session_t *sp;
1777 
1778 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1779 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1780 
1781 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1782 }
1783 
1784 /*
1785  * Note SIGALRM.
1786  */
1787 static void
1788 alrm_handler(int sig)
1789 {
1790 
1791 	(void)sig;
1792 	clang = 1;
1793 }
1794 
1795 /*
1796  * Bring the system down to single user.
1797  */
1798 static state_func_t
1799 death(void)
1800 {
1801 	int block, blocked;
1802 	size_t len;
1803 
1804 	/* Temporarily block suspend. */
1805 	len = sizeof(blocked);
1806 	block = 1;
1807 	if (sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", &blocked, &len,
1808 	    &block, sizeof(block)) == -1)
1809 		blocked = 0;
1810 
1811 	/*
1812 	 * Also revoke the TTY here.  Because runshutdown() may reopen
1813 	 * the TTY whose getty we're killing here, there is no guarantee
1814 	 * runshutdown() will perform the initial open() call, causing
1815 	 * the terminal attributes to be misconfigured.
1816 	 */
1817 	revoke_ttys();
1818 
1819 	/* Try to run the rc.shutdown script within a period of time */
1820 	runshutdown();
1821 
1822 	/* Unblock suspend if we blocked it. */
1823 	if (!blocked)
1824 		sysctlbyname("kern.suspend_blocked", NULL, NULL,
1825 		    &blocked, sizeof(blocked));
1826 
1827 	return (state_func_t) death_single;
1828 }
1829 
1830 /*
1831  * Do what is necessary to reinitialize single user mode or reboot
1832  * from an incomplete state.
1833  */
1834 static state_func_t
1835 death_single(void)
1836 {
1837 	int i;
1838 	pid_t pid;
1839 	static const int death_sigs[2] = { SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1840 
1841 	revoke(_PATH_CONSOLE);
1842 
1843 	for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
1844 		if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1845 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1846 
1847 		clang = 0;
1848 		alarm(DEATH_WATCH);
1849 		do
1850 			if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1851 				collect_child(pid);
1852 		while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1853 
1854 		if (errno == ECHILD)
1855 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1856 	}
1857 
1858 	warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1859 
1860 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
1861 }
1862 
1863 static void
1864 revoke_ttys(void)
1865 {
1866 	session_t *sp;
1867 
1868 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1869 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1870 		kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1871 		revoke(sp->se_device);
1872 	}
1873 }
1874 
1875 /*
1876  * Run the system shutdown script.
1877  *
1878  * Exit codes:      XXX I should document more
1879  * -2       shutdown script terminated abnormally
1880  * -1       fatal error - can't run script
1881  * 0        good.
1882  * >0       some error (exit code)
1883  */
1884 static int
1885 runshutdown(void)
1886 {
1887 	pid_t pid, wpid;
1888 	int status;
1889 	int shutdowntimeout;
1890 	size_t len;
1891 	char *argv[4];
1892 	struct stat sb;
1893 
1894 	/*
1895 	 * rc.shutdown is optional, so to prevent any unnecessary
1896 	 * complaints from the shell we simply don't run it if the
1897 	 * file does not exist. If the stat() here fails for other
1898 	 * reasons, we'll let the shell complain.
1899 	 */
1900 	if (stat(_PATH_RUNDOWN, &sb) == -1 && errno == ENOENT)
1901 		return 0;
1902 
1903 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
1904 		char _sh[]	= "sh";
1905 		char _reboot[]	= "reboot";
1906 		char _single[]	= "single";
1907 		char _path_rundown[] = _PATH_RUNDOWN;
1908 
1909 		argv[0] = _sh;
1910 		argv[1] = _path_rundown;
1911 		argv[2] = Reboot ? _reboot : _single;
1912 		argv[3] = NULL;
1913 
1914 		execute_script(argv);
1915 		_exit(1);	/* force single user mode */
1916 	}
1917 
1918 	if (pid == -1) {
1919 		emergency("can't fork for %s: %m", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1920 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
1921 			continue;
1922 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
1923 		return -1;
1924 	}
1925 
1926 	len = sizeof(shutdowntimeout);
1927 	if (sysctlbyname("kern.init_shutdown_timeout", &shutdowntimeout, &len,
1928 	    NULL, 0) == -1 || shutdowntimeout < 2)
1929 		shutdowntimeout = DEATH_SCRIPT;
1930 	alarm(shutdowntimeout);
1931 	clang = 0;
1932 	/*
1933 	 * Copied from single_user().  This is a bit paranoid.
1934 	 * Use the same ALRM handler.
1935 	 */
1936 	do {
1937 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
1938 			collect_child(wpid);
1939 		if (clang == 1) {
1940 			/* we were waiting for the sub-shell */
1941 			kill(wpid, SIGTERM);
1942 			warning("timeout expired for %s: %m; going to "
1943 			    "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1944 			return -1;
1945 		}
1946 		if (wpid == -1) {
1947 			if (errno == EINTR)
1948 				continue;
1949 			warning("wait for %s failed: %m; going to "
1950 			    "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1951 			return -1;
1952 		}
1953 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
1954 			warning("init: %s stopped, restarting\n",
1955 			    _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1956 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
1957 			wpid = -1;
1958 		}
1959 	} while (wpid != pid && !clang);
1960 
1961 	/* Turn off the alarm */
1962 	alarm(0);
1963 
1964 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
1965 	    requested_transition == catatonia) {
1966 		/*
1967 		 * /etc/rc.shutdown executed /sbin/reboot;
1968 		 * wait for the end quietly
1969 		 */
1970 		sigset_t s;
1971 
1972 		sigfillset(&s);
1973 		for (;;)
1974 			sigsuspend(&s);
1975 	}
1976 
1977 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
1978 		warning("%s terminated abnormally, going to "
1979 		    "single user mode", _PATH_RUNDOWN);
1980 		return -2;
1981 	}
1982 
1983 	if ((status = WEXITSTATUS(status)) != 0)
1984 		warning("%s returned status %d", _PATH_RUNDOWN, status);
1985 
1986 	return status;
1987 }
1988 
1989 static char *
1990 strk(char *p)
1991 {
1992 	static char *t;
1993 	char *q;
1994 	int c;
1995 
1996 	if (p)
1997 		t = p;
1998 	if (!t)
1999 		return 0;
2000 
2001 	c = *t;
2002 	while (c == ' ' || c == '\t' )
2003 		c = *++t;
2004 	if (!c) {
2005 		t = 0;
2006 		return 0;
2007 	}
2008 	q = t;
2009 	if (c == '\'') {
2010 		c = *++t;
2011 		q = t;
2012 		while (c && c != '\'')
2013 			c = *++t;
2014 		if (!c)  /* unterminated string */
2015 			q = t = 0;
2016 		else
2017 			*t++ = 0;
2018 	} else {
2019 		while (c && c != ' ' && c != '\t' )
2020 			c = *++t;
2021 		*t++ = 0;
2022 		if (!c)
2023 			t = 0;
2024 	}
2025 	return q;
2026 }
2027 
2028 #ifdef LOGIN_CAP
2029 static void
2030 setprocresources(const char *cname)
2031 {
2032 	login_cap_t *lc;
2033 	if ((lc = login_getclassbyname(cname, NULL)) != NULL) {
2034 		setusercontext(lc, (struct passwd*)NULL, 0,
2035 		    LOGIN_SETENV |
2036 		    LOGIN_SETPRIORITY | LOGIN_SETRESOURCES |
2037 		    LOGIN_SETLOGINCLASS | LOGIN_SETCPUMASK);
2038 		login_close(lc);
2039 	}
2040 }
2041 #endif
2042