1.\" $NetBSD: fsdb.8,v 1.2 1995/10/08 23:18:08 thorpej Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1995 John T. Kohl 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR `AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 20.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 21.\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 22.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 23.\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 25.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN 26.\" ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 27.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28.\" 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd September 14, 1995 32.Dt FSDB 8 33.Os FreeBSD 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm fsdb 36.Nd FFS debugging/editing tool 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm fsdb 39.Op Fl d 40.Op Fl f 41.Op Fl r 42.Ar fsname 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44.Nm Fsdb 45opens 46.Ar fsname 47(usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop 48allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data. You are prompted 49to enter a command with 50.Ic "fsdb (inum X)>" 51where 52.Va X 53is the currently selected i-number. The initial selected inode is the 54root of the filesystem (i-number 2). 55The command processor uses the 56.Xr editline 3 57library, so you can use command line editing to reduce typing if desired. 58When you exit the command loop, the file system superblock is marked 59dirty and any buffered blocks are written to the file system. 60.Pp 61The following options are available: 62.Bl -tag -width indent 63.It Fl d 64Enable additional debugging output (which comes primarily from 65.Xr fsck 8 -derived 66code). 67.It Fl f 68Left for historical reasons and has no meaning. 69.It Fl r 70Open the filesystem read/only, and disables all commands that would 71write to it. 72.El 73.Sh COMMANDS 74Besides the built-in 75.Xr editline 3 76commands, 77.Nm 78supports these commands: 79.Pp 80.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 81.It Cm help 82Print out the list of accepted commands. 83.Pp 84.It Cm inode Ar i-number 85Select inode 86.Ar i-number 87as the new current inode. 88.Pp 89.It Cm back 90Revert to the previously current inode. 91.Pp 92.It Cm clri Ar i-number 93Clear 94.Ar i-number . 95.Pp 96.It Cm lookup Ar name 97.It Cm cd Ar name 98Find 99.Ar name 100in the current directory and make its inode the current inode. 101.Ar Name 102may be a multi-component name or may begin with slash to indicate that 103the root inode should be used to start the lookup. If some component 104along the pathname is not found, the last valid directory encountered is 105left as the active inode. 106.br 107This command is valid only if the starting inode is a directory. 108.Pp 109.It Cm active 110.It Cm print 111Print out the active inode. 112.Pp 113.It Cm uplink 114Increment the active inode's link count. 115.Pp 116.It Cm downlink 117Decrement the active inode's link count. 118.Pp 119.It Cm linkcount Ar number 120Set the active inode's link count to 121.Ar number . 122.Pp 123.It Cm ls 124List the current inode's directory entries. This command is valid only 125if the current inode is a directory. 126.Pp 127.It Cm rm Ar name 128.It Cm del Ar name 129Remove the entry 130.Ar name 131from the current directory inode. This command is valid only 132if the current inode is a directory. 133.Pp 134.It Cm ln Ar ino Ar name 135Create a link to inode 136.Ar ino 137under the name 138.Ar name 139in the current directory inode. This command is valid only 140if the current inode is a directory. 141.Pp 142.It Cm chinum Ar dirslot Ar inum 143Change the i-number in directory entry 144.Ar dirslot 145to 146.Ar inum . 147.Pp 148.It Cm chname Ar dirslot Ar name 149Change the name in directory entry 150.Ar dirslot 151to 152.Ar name . 153This command cannot expand a directory entry. You can only rename an 154entry if the name will fit into the existing directory slot. 155.Pp 156.It Cm chtype Ar type 157Change the type of the current inode to 158.Ar type . 159.Ar Type 160may be one of: 161.Em file , 162.Em dir , 163.Em socket , 164or 165.Em fifo . 166.Pp 167.It Cm chmod Ar mode 168Change the mode bits of the current inode to 169.Ar mode . 170You cannot change the file type with this subcommand; use 171.Ic chtype 172to do that. 173.Pp 174.It Cm chflags Ar flags 175Change the file flags of the current inode to 176.Ar flags . 177.Pp 178.It Cm chown Ar uid 179Change the owner of the current inode to 180.Ar uid . 181.Pp 182.It Cm chgrp Ar gid 183Change the group of the current inode to 184.Ar gid . 185.Pp 186.It Cm chgen Ar gen 187Change the generation number of the current inode to 188.Ar gen . 189.Pp 190.It Cm mtime Ar time 191.It Cm ctime Ar time 192.It Cm atime Ar time 193Change the modification, change, or access time (respectively) on the 194current inode to 195.Ar time . 196.Ar Time 197should be in the format 198.Em YYYYMMDDHHMMSS[.nsec] 199where 200.Em nsec 201is an optional nanosecond specification. If no nanoseconds are specified, the 202.Va mtimensec , 203.Va ctimensec , 204or 205.Va atimensec 206field will be set to zero. 207.Pp 208.It Cm quit, Cm q, Cm exit, Em <EOF> 209Exit the program. 210.El 211.Sh SEE ALSO 212.Xr editline 3 , 213.Xr fs 5 , 214.Xr clri 8 , 215.Xr fsck 8 216.Sh BUGS 217Manipulation of ``short'' symlinks doesn't work (in particular, don't 218try changing a symlink's type). 219.br 220You must specify modes as numbers rather than symbolic names. 221.br 222There are a bunch of other things that you might want to do which 223.Nm 224doesn't implement. 225.Sh HISTORY 226.Nm Fsdb 227uses the source code for 228.Xr fsck 8 229to implement most of the file system manipulation code. The remainder of 230.Nm 231first appeared in 232.Nx , 233written by 234.An John T. Kohl . 235.br 236.An Peter Wemm 237ported it to 238.Fx . 239.Sh WARNING 240Use this tool with extreme caution--you can damage an FFS file system 241beyond what 242.Xr fsck 8 243can repair. 244