1.\" $NetBSD: fsdb.8,v 1.2 1995/10/08 23:18:08 thorpej Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1995 John T. Kohl 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR `AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 20.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 21.\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 22.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 23.\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 25.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN 26.\" ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 27.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28.\" 29.\" $Id: fsdb.8,v 1.6 1997/02/22 14:32:25 peter Exp $ 30.\" 31.Dd September 14, 1995 32.Dt FSDB 8 33.Os FreeBSD 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm fsdb 36.Nd FFS debugging/editing tool 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl d 40.Op Fl f 41.Op Fl r 42.Ar fsname 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44.Nm 45opens 46.Ar fsname 47(usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop 48allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data. You are prompted 49to enter a command with 50.Ic "fsdb (inum X)>" 51where 52.Va X 53is the currently selected i-number. The initial selected inode is the 54root of the filesystem (i-number 2). 55The command processor uses the 56.Xr libedit 3 57library, so you can use command line editing to reduce typing if desired. 58When you exit the command loop, the file system superblock is marked 59dirty and any buffered blocks are written to the file system. 60.Pp 61The 62.Fl d 63option enables additional debugging output (which comes primarily from 64.Xr fsck 8 -derived 65code). 66.Pp 67The 68.Fl f 69option is left for historical reasons and has no meaning. 70.Pp 71Option 72.Fl r 73opens the filesystem read/only, and disables all commands that would 74write to it. 75.Sh COMMANDS 76Besides the built-in 77.Xr libedit 3 78commands, 79.Nm 80supports these commands: 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 83.It Cm help 84Print out the list of accepted commands. 85.Pp 86.It Cm inode Ar i-number 87Select inode 88.Ar i-number 89as the new current inode. 90.Pp 91.It Cm back 92Revert to the previously current inode. 93.Pp 94.It Cm clri 95Clear the current inode. 96.Pp 97.It Cm lookup Ar name 98.It Cm cd Ar name 99Find 100.Ar name 101in the current directory and make its inode the current inode. 102.Ar Name 103may be a multi-component name or may begin with slash to indicate that 104the root inode should be used to start the lookup. If some component 105along the pathname is not found, the last valid directory encountered is 106left as the active inode. 107.br 108This command is valid only if the starting inode is a directory. 109.Pp 110.It Cm active 111.It Cm print 112Print out the active inode. 113.Pp 114.It Cm uplink 115Increment the active inode's link count. 116.Pp 117.It Cm downlink 118Decrement the active inode's link count. 119.Pp 120.It Cm linkcount Ar number 121Set the active inode's link count to 122.Ar number . 123.Pp 124.It Cm ls 125List the current inode's directory entries. This command is valid only 126if the current inode is a directory. 127.Pp 128.It Cm rm Ar name 129.It Cm del Ar name 130Remove the entry 131.Ar name 132from the current directory inode. This command is valid only 133if the current inode is a directory. 134.Pp 135.It Cm ln Ar ino Ar name 136Create a link to inode 137.Ar ino 138under the name 139.Ar name 140in the current directory inode. This command is valid only 141if the current inode is a directory. 142.Pp 143.It Cm chinum Ar dirslot Ar inum 144Change the i-number in directory entry 145.Ar dirslot 146to 147.Ar inum . 148.Pp 149.It Cm chname Ar dirslot Ar name 150Change the name in directory entry 151.Ar dirslot 152to 153.Ar name . 154This command cannot expand a directory entry. You can only rename an 155entry if the name will fit into the existing directory slot. 156.Pp 157.It Cm chtype Ar type 158Change the type of the current inode to 159.Ar type . 160.Ar type 161may be one of: 162.Em file , 163.Em dir , 164.Em socket , 165or 166.Em fifo . 167.Pp 168.It Cm chmod Ar mode 169Change the mode bits of the current inode to 170.Ar mode . 171You cannot change the file type with this subcommand; use 172.Ic chtype 173to do that. 174.Pp 175.It Cm chflags Ar flags 176Change the file flags of the current inode to 177.Ar flags . 178.Pp 179.It Cm chown Ar uid 180Change the owner of the current inode to 181.Ar uid . 182.Pp 183.It Cm chgrp Ar gid 184Change the group of the current inode to 185.Ar gid . 186.Pp 187.It Cm chgen Ar gen 188Change the generation number of the current inode to 189.Ar gen . 190.Pp 191.It Cm mtime Ar time 192.It Cm ctime Ar time 193.It Cm atime Ar time 194Change the modification, change, or access time (respectively) on the 195current inode to 196.Ar time . 197.Ar Time 198should be in the format 199.Em YYYYMMDDHHMMSS[.nsec] 200where 201.Em nsec 202is an optional nanosecond specification. If no nanoseconds are specified, the 203.Va mtimensec , 204.Va ctimensec , 205or 206.Va atimensec 207field will be set to zero. 208.Pp 209.It Cm quit, Cm q, Cm exit, Em <EOF> 210Exit the program. 211.El 212.Sh SEE ALSO 213.Xr libedit 3 , 214.Xr fs 5 , 215.Xr clri 8 , 216.Xr fsck 8 217.Sh BUGS 218Manipulation of ``short'' symlinks doesn't work (in particular, don't 219try changing a symlink's type). 220.br 221You must specify modes as numbers rather than symbolic names. 222.br 223There are a bunch of other things that you might want to do which 224.Nm 225doesn't implement. 226.br 227The 228.Xr libedit 3 229reference page is not yet written. 230.Sh HISTORY 231.Nm 232uses the source code for 233.Xr fsck 8 234to implement most of the file system manipulation code. The remainder of 235.Nm 236first appeared in NetBSD, written by John T. Kohl. 237.br 238Peter Wemm ported it to FreeBSD. 239.Sh WARNING 240Use this tool with extreme caution--you can damage an FFS file system 241beyond what 242.Xr fsck 8 243can repair. 244