1.\" $NetBSD: fsdb.8,v 1.2 1995/10/08 23:18:08 thorpej Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1995 John T. Kohl 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR `AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 20.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 21.\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 22.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 23.\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 25.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN 26.\" ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 27.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28.\" 29.\" $Id: fsdb.8,v 1.7 1997/04/15 09:02:43 joerg Exp $ 30.\" 31.Dd September 14, 1995 32.Dt FSDB 8 33.Os FreeBSD 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm fsdb 36.Nd FFS debugging/editing tool 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm fsdb 39.Op Fl d 40.Op Fl f 41.Op Fl r 42.Ar fsname 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44.Nm Fsdb 45opens 46.Ar fsname 47(usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop 48allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data. You are prompted 49to enter a command with 50.Ic "fsdb (inum X)>" 51where 52.Va X 53is the currently selected i-number. The initial selected inode is the 54root of the filesystem (i-number 2). 55The command processor uses the 56.Xr libedit 3 57library, so you can use command line editing to reduce typing if desired. 58When you exit the command loop, the file system superblock is marked 59dirty and any buffered blocks are written to the file system. 60.Pp 61The following options are available: 62.Bl -tag -width indent 63.It Fl d 64Enable additional debugging output (which comes primarily from 65.Xr fsck 8 -derived 66code). 67.It Fl f 68Left for historical reasons and has no meaning. 69.It Fl r 70Open the filesystem read/only, and disables all commands that would 71write to it. 72.El 73.Sh COMMANDS 74Besides the built-in 75.Xr libedit 3 76commands, 77.Nm 78supports these commands: 79.Pp 80.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 81.It Cm help 82Print out the list of accepted commands. 83.Pp 84.It Cm inode Ar i-number 85Select inode 86.Ar i-number 87as the new current inode. 88.Pp 89.It Cm back 90Revert to the previously current inode. 91.Pp 92.It Cm clri 93Clear the current inode. 94.Pp 95.It Cm lookup Ar name 96.It Cm cd Ar name 97Find 98.Ar name 99in the current directory and make its inode the current inode. 100.Ar Name 101may be a multi-component name or may begin with slash to indicate that 102the root inode should be used to start the lookup. If some component 103along the pathname is not found, the last valid directory encountered is 104left as the active inode. 105.br 106This command is valid only if the starting inode is a directory. 107.Pp 108.It Cm active 109.It Cm print 110Print out the active inode. 111.Pp 112.It Cm uplink 113Increment the active inode's link count. 114.Pp 115.It Cm downlink 116Decrement the active inode's link count. 117.Pp 118.It Cm linkcount Ar number 119Set the active inode's link count to 120.Ar number . 121.Pp 122.It Cm ls 123List the current inode's directory entries. This command is valid only 124if the current inode is a directory. 125.Pp 126.It Cm rm Ar name 127.It Cm del Ar name 128Remove the entry 129.Ar name 130from the current directory inode. This command is valid only 131if the current inode is a directory. 132.Pp 133.It Cm ln Ar ino Ar name 134Create a link to inode 135.Ar ino 136under the name 137.Ar name 138in the current directory inode. This command is valid only 139if the current inode is a directory. 140.Pp 141.It Cm chinum Ar dirslot Ar inum 142Change the i-number in directory entry 143.Ar dirslot 144to 145.Ar inum . 146.Pp 147.It Cm chname Ar dirslot Ar name 148Change the name in directory entry 149.Ar dirslot 150to 151.Ar name . 152This command cannot expand a directory entry. You can only rename an 153entry if the name will fit into the existing directory slot. 154.Pp 155.It Cm chtype Ar type 156Change the type of the current inode to 157.Ar type . 158.Ar Type 159may be one of: 160.Em file , 161.Em dir , 162.Em socket , 163or 164.Em fifo . 165.Pp 166.It Cm chmod Ar mode 167Change the mode bits of the current inode to 168.Ar mode . 169You cannot change the file type with this subcommand; use 170.Ic chtype 171to do that. 172.Pp 173.It Cm chflags Ar flags 174Change the file flags of the current inode to 175.Ar flags . 176.Pp 177.It Cm chown Ar uid 178Change the owner of the current inode to 179.Ar uid . 180.Pp 181.It Cm chgrp Ar gid 182Change the group of the current inode to 183.Ar gid . 184.Pp 185.It Cm chgen Ar gen 186Change the generation number of the current inode to 187.Ar gen . 188.Pp 189.It Cm mtime Ar time 190.It Cm ctime Ar time 191.It Cm atime Ar time 192Change the modification, change, or access time (respectively) on the 193current inode to 194.Ar time . 195.Ar Time 196should be in the format 197.Em YYYYMMDDHHMMSS[.nsec] 198where 199.Em nsec 200is an optional nanosecond specification. If no nanoseconds are specified, the 201.Va mtimensec , 202.Va ctimensec , 203or 204.Va atimensec 205field will be set to zero. 206.Pp 207.It Cm quit, Cm q, Cm exit, Em <EOF> 208Exit the program. 209.El 210.Sh SEE ALSO 211.Xr libedit 3 , 212.Xr fs 5 , 213.Xr clri 8 , 214.Xr fsck 8 215.Sh BUGS 216Manipulation of ``short'' symlinks doesn't work (in particular, don't 217try changing a symlink's type). 218.br 219You must specify modes as numbers rather than symbolic names. 220.br 221There are a bunch of other things that you might want to do which 222.Nm 223doesn't implement. 224.br 225The 226.Xr libedit 3 227reference page is not yet written. 228.Sh HISTORY 229.Nm Fsdb 230uses the source code for 231.Xr fsck 8 232to implement most of the file system manipulation code. The remainder of 233.Nm 234first appeared in 235.Bx Net , 236written by 237.An John T. Kohl . 238.br 239.An Peter Wemm 240ported it to 241.Bx Free . 242.Sh WARNING 243Use this tool with extreme caution--you can damage an FFS file system 244beyond what 245.Xr fsck 8 246can repair. 247