1.\" $NetBSD: fsdb.8,v 1.2 1995/10/08 23:18:08 thorpej Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1995 John T. Kohl 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR `AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 19.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 20.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 21.\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 22.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 23.\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 25.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN 26.\" ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 27.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 28.\" 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd October 3, 2016 32.Dt FSDB 8 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm fsdb 36.Nd FFS debugging/editing tool 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl d 40.Op Fl f 41.Op Fl r 42.Ar fsname 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44The 45.Nm 46utility opens 47.Ar fsname 48(usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop 49allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data. 50You are prompted 51to enter a command with 52.Ic "fsdb (inum X)>" 53where 54.Va X 55is the currently selected i-number. 56The initial selected inode is the 57root of the file system (i-number 2). 58The command processor uses the 59.Xr editline 3 60library, so you can use command line editing to reduce typing if desired. 61When you exit the command loop, the file system superblock is marked 62dirty and any buffered blocks are written to the file system. 63.Pp 64The following options are available: 65.Bl -tag -width indent 66.It Fl d 67Enable additional debugging output (which comes primarily from 68.Xr fsck 8 Ns -derived 69code). 70.It Fl f 71Left for historical reasons and has no meaning. 72.It Fl r 73Open the file system read/only, and disables all commands that would 74write to it. 75.El 76.Sh COMMANDS 77Besides the built-in 78.Xr editline 3 79commands, 80.Nm 81supports these commands: 82.Pp 83.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 84.It Cm help 85Print out the list of accepted commands. 86.Pp 87.It Cm inode Ar i-number 88Select inode 89.Ar i-number 90as the new current inode. 91.Pp 92.It Cm back 93Revert to the previously current inode. 94.Pp 95.It Cm clri Ar i-number 96Clear 97.Ar i-number . 98.Pp 99.It Cm lookup Ar name 100.It Cm cd Ar name 101Find 102.Ar name 103in the current directory and make its inode the current inode. 104.Ar Name 105may be a multi-component name or may begin with slash to indicate that 106the root inode should be used to start the lookup. 107If some component 108along the pathname is not found, the last valid directory encountered is 109left as the active inode. 110This command is valid only if the starting inode is a directory. 111.Pp 112.It Cm active 113.It Cm print 114Print out the active inode. 115.Pp 116.It Cm blocks 117Print out the block list of the active inode. 118Note that the printout can become long for large files, since all 119indirect block pointers will also be printed. 120.Pp 121.It Cm findblk Ar disk_block_number ... 122Find the inode(s) owning the specified disk block(s) number(s). 123Note that these are not absolute disk blocks numbers, but offsets from the 124start of the partition. 125.Pp 126.It Cm uplink 127Increment the active inode's link count. 128.Pp 129.It Cm downlink 130Decrement the active inode's link count. 131.Pp 132.It Cm linkcount Ar number 133Set the active inode's link count to 134.Ar number . 135.Pp 136.It Cm ls 137List the current inode's directory entries. 138This command is valid only 139if the current inode is a directory. 140.Pp 141.It Cm rm Ar name 142.It Cm del Ar name 143Remove the entry 144.Ar name 145from the current directory inode. 146This command is valid only 147if the current inode is a directory. 148.Pp 149.It Cm ln Ar ino Ar name 150Create a link to inode 151.Ar ino 152under the name 153.Ar name 154in the current directory inode. 155This command is valid only 156if the current inode is a directory. 157.Pp 158.It Cm chinum Ar dirslot Ar inum 159Change the i-number in directory entry 160.Ar dirslot 161to 162.Ar inum . 163.Pp 164.It Cm chname Ar dirslot Ar name 165Change the name in directory entry 166.Ar dirslot 167to 168.Ar name . 169This command cannot expand a directory entry. 170You can only rename an 171entry if the name will fit into the existing directory slot. 172.Pp 173.It Cm chtype Ar type 174Change the type of the current inode to 175.Ar type . 176.Ar Type 177may be one of: 178.Em file , 179.Em dir , 180.Em socket , 181or 182.Em fifo . 183.Pp 184.It Cm chmod Ar mode 185Change the mode bits of the current inode to 186.Ar mode . 187You cannot change the file type with this subcommand; use 188.Ic chtype 189to do that. 190.Pp 191.It Cm chflags Ar flags 192Change the file flags of the current inode to 193.Ar flags . 194.Pp 195.It Cm chown Ar uid 196Change the owner of the current inode to 197.Ar uid . 198.Pp 199.It Cm chgrp Ar gid 200Change the group of the current inode to 201.Ar gid . 202.Pp 203.It Cm chgen Ar gen 204Change the generation number of the current inode to 205.Ar gen . 206.Pp 207.It Cm btime Ar time 208.It Cm mtime Ar time 209.It Cm ctime Ar time 210.It Cm atime Ar time 211Change the creation (birth), modification, change, or access 212time (respectively) on the current inode to 213.Ar time . 214.Ar Time 215should be in the format 216.Em YYYYMMDDHHMMSS[.nsec] 217where 218.Em nsec 219is an optional nanosecond specification. 220If no nanoseconds are specified, the 221.Va birthnsec , 222.Va mtimensec , 223.Va ctimensec , 224or 225.Va atimensec 226field will be set to zero. 227Note that 228.Cm btime 229is available on UFS2 file systems only. 230.Pp 231.It Cm quit , q , exit , Em <EOF> 232Exit the program. 233.El 234.Sh SEE ALSO 235.Xr editline 3 , 236.Xr fs 5 , 237.Xr clri 8 , 238.Xr fsck 8 239.Sh HISTORY 240The 241.Nm 242utility appeared in 243.Bx 4.3 Tahoe . 244It used the source code for 245.Xr fsck 8 246to implement most of the file system manipulation code. 247The remainder of 248.Nm 249appeared in 250.Nx 1.1 251written by 252.An John T. Kohl . 253It first appeared in 254.Fx 2.1.5 255ported by Peter Wemm. 256.Sh BUGS 257Manipulation of ``short'' symlinks has no effect. 258In particular, one should not 259try changing a symlink's type. 260.Pp 261You must specify modes as numbers rather than symbolic names. 262.Pp 263There are a bunch of other things that you might want to do which 264.Nm 265does not implement. 266.Sh WARNING 267Use this tool with extreme caution--you can damage an FFS file system 268beyond what 269.Xr fsck 8 270can repair. 271