xref: /freebsd/sbin/fsck_msdosfs/fat.c (revision 2b15cb3d0922bd70ea592f0da9b4a5b167f4d53f)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Wolfgang Solfrank
3  * Copyright (c) 1995 Martin Husemann
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
16  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
17  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
18  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
19  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
20  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
21  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
22  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
23  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 #ifndef lint
29 __RCSID("$NetBSD: fat.c,v 1.18 2006/06/05 16:51:18 christos Exp $");
30 static const char rcsid[] =
31   "$FreeBSD$";
32 #endif /* not lint */
33 
34 #include <stdlib.h>
35 #include <string.h>
36 #include <ctype.h>
37 #include <stdio.h>
38 #include <unistd.h>
39 
40 #include "ext.h"
41 #include "fsutil.h"
42 
43 static int checkclnum(struct bootblock *, u_int, cl_t, cl_t *);
44 static int clustdiffer(cl_t, cl_t *, cl_t *, u_int);
45 static int tryclear(struct bootblock *, struct fatEntry *, cl_t, cl_t *);
46 static int _readfat(int, struct bootblock *, u_int, u_char **);
47 
48 /*-
49  * The first 2 FAT entries contain pseudo-cluster numbers with the following
50  * layout:
51  *
52  * 31...... ........ ........ .......0
53  * rrrr1111 11111111 11111111 mmmmmmmm         FAT32 entry 0
54  * rrrrsh11 11111111 11111111 11111xxx         FAT32 entry 1
55  *
56  *                   11111111 mmmmmmmm         FAT16 entry 0
57  *                   sh111111 11111xxx         FAT16 entry 1
58  *
59  * r = reserved
60  * m = BPB media ID byte
61  * s = clean flag (1 = dismounted; 0 = still mounted)
62  * h = hard error flag (1 = ok; 0 = I/O error)
63  * x = any value ok
64  */
65 
66 int
67 checkdirty(int fs, struct bootblock *boot)
68 {
69 	off_t off;
70 	u_char *buffer;
71 	int ret = 0;
72 	size_t len;
73 
74 	if (boot->ClustMask != CLUST16_MASK && boot->ClustMask != CLUST32_MASK)
75 		return 0;
76 
77 	off = boot->bpbResSectors;
78 	off *= boot->bpbBytesPerSec;
79 
80 	buffer = malloc(len = boot->bpbBytesPerSec);
81 	if (buffer == NULL) {
82 		perr("No space for FAT sectors (%zu)", len);
83 		return 1;
84 	}
85 
86 	if (lseek(fs, off, SEEK_SET) != off) {
87 		perr("Unable to read FAT");
88 		goto err;
89 	}
90 
91 	if ((size_t)read(fs, buffer, boot->bpbBytesPerSec) !=
92 	    boot->bpbBytesPerSec) {
93 		perr("Unable to read FAT");
94 		goto err;
95 	}
96 
97 	/*
98 	 * If we don't understand the FAT, then the file system must be
99 	 * assumed to be unclean.
100 	 */
101 	if (buffer[0] != boot->bpbMedia || buffer[1] != 0xff)
102 		goto err;
103 	if (boot->ClustMask == CLUST16_MASK) {
104 		if ((buffer[2] & 0xf8) != 0xf8 || (buffer[3] & 0x3f) != 0x3f)
105 			goto err;
106 	} else {
107 		if (buffer[2] != 0xff || (buffer[3] & 0x0f) != 0x0f
108 		    || (buffer[4] & 0xf8) != 0xf8 || buffer[5] != 0xff
109 		    || buffer[6] != 0xff || (buffer[7] & 0x03) != 0x03)
110 			goto err;
111 	}
112 
113 	/*
114 	 * Now check the actual clean flag (and the no-error flag).
115 	 */
116 	if (boot->ClustMask == CLUST16_MASK) {
117 		if ((buffer[3] & 0xc0) == 0xc0)
118 			ret = 1;
119 	} else {
120 		if ((buffer[7] & 0x0c) == 0x0c)
121 			ret = 1;
122 	}
123 
124 err:
125 	free(buffer);
126 	return ret;
127 }
128 
129 /*
130  * Check a cluster number for valid value
131  */
132 static int
133 checkclnum(struct bootblock *boot, u_int fat, cl_t cl, cl_t *next)
134 {
135 	if (*next >= (CLUST_RSRVD&boot->ClustMask))
136 		*next |= ~boot->ClustMask;
137 	if (*next == CLUST_FREE) {
138 		boot->NumFree++;
139 		return FSOK;
140 	}
141 	if (*next == CLUST_BAD) {
142 		boot->NumBad++;
143 		return FSOK;
144 	}
145 	if (*next < CLUST_FIRST
146 	    || (*next >= boot->NumClusters && *next < CLUST_EOFS)) {
147 		pwarn("Cluster %u in FAT %d continues with %s cluster number %u\n",
148 		      cl, fat,
149 		      *next < CLUST_RSRVD ? "out of range" : "reserved",
150 		      *next&boot->ClustMask);
151 		if (ask(0, "Truncate")) {
152 			*next = CLUST_EOF;
153 			return FSFATMOD;
154 		}
155 		return FSERROR;
156 	}
157 	return FSOK;
158 }
159 
160 /*
161  * Read a FAT from disk. Returns 1 if successful, 0 otherwise.
162  */
163 static int
164 _readfat(int fs, struct bootblock *boot, u_int no, u_char **buffer)
165 {
166 	off_t off;
167 	size_t len;
168 
169 	*buffer = malloc(len = boot->FATsecs * boot->bpbBytesPerSec);
170 	if (*buffer == NULL) {
171 		perr("No space for FAT sectors (%zu)", len);
172 		return 0;
173 	}
174 
175 	off = boot->bpbResSectors + no * boot->FATsecs;
176 	off *= boot->bpbBytesPerSec;
177 
178 	if (lseek(fs, off, SEEK_SET) != off) {
179 		perr("Unable to read FAT");
180 		goto err;
181 	}
182 
183 	if ((size_t)read(fs, *buffer, boot->FATsecs * boot->bpbBytesPerSec)
184 	    != boot->FATsecs * boot->bpbBytesPerSec) {
185 		perr("Unable to read FAT");
186 		goto err;
187 	}
188 
189 	return 1;
190 
191     err:
192 	free(*buffer);
193 	return 0;
194 }
195 
196 /*
197  * Read a FAT and decode it into internal format
198  */
199 int
200 readfat(int fs, struct bootblock *boot, u_int no, struct fatEntry **fp)
201 {
202 	struct fatEntry *fat;
203 	u_char *buffer, *p;
204 	cl_t cl;
205 	int ret = FSOK;
206 	size_t len;
207 
208 	boot->NumFree = boot->NumBad = 0;
209 
210 	if (!_readfat(fs, boot, no, &buffer))
211 		return FSFATAL;
212 
213 	fat = malloc(len = boot->NumClusters * sizeof(struct fatEntry));
214 	if (fat == NULL) {
215 		perr("No space for FAT clusters (%zu)", len);
216 		free(buffer);
217 		return FSFATAL;
218 	}
219 	(void)memset(fat, 0, len);
220 
221 	if (buffer[0] != boot->bpbMedia
222 	    || buffer[1] != 0xff || buffer[2] != 0xff
223 	    || (boot->ClustMask == CLUST16_MASK && buffer[3] != 0xff)
224 	    || (boot->ClustMask == CLUST32_MASK
225 		&& ((buffer[3]&0x0f) != 0x0f
226 		    || buffer[4] != 0xff || buffer[5] != 0xff
227 		    || buffer[6] != 0xff || (buffer[7]&0x0f) != 0x0f))) {
228 
229 		/* Windows 95 OSR2 (and possibly any later) changes
230 		 * the FAT signature to 0xXXffff7f for FAT16 and to
231 		 * 0xXXffff0fffffff07 for FAT32 upon boot, to know that the
232 		 * file system is dirty if it doesn't reboot cleanly.
233 		 * Check this special condition before errorring out.
234 		 */
235 		if (buffer[0] == boot->bpbMedia && buffer[1] == 0xff
236 		    && buffer[2] == 0xff
237 		    && ((boot->ClustMask == CLUST16_MASK && buffer[3] == 0x7f)
238 			|| (boot->ClustMask == CLUST32_MASK
239 			    && buffer[3] == 0x0f && buffer[4] == 0xff
240 			    && buffer[5] == 0xff && buffer[6] == 0xff
241 			    && buffer[7] == 0x07)))
242 			ret |= FSDIRTY;
243 		else {
244 			/* just some odd byte sequence in FAT */
245 
246 			switch (boot->ClustMask) {
247 			case CLUST32_MASK:
248 				pwarn("%s (%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x)\n",
249 				      "FAT starts with odd byte sequence",
250 				      buffer[0], buffer[1], buffer[2], buffer[3],
251 				      buffer[4], buffer[5], buffer[6], buffer[7]);
252 				break;
253 			case CLUST16_MASK:
254 				pwarn("%s (%02x%02x%02x%02x)\n",
255 				    "FAT starts with odd byte sequence",
256 				    buffer[0], buffer[1], buffer[2], buffer[3]);
257 				break;
258 			default:
259 				pwarn("%s (%02x%02x%02x)\n",
260 				    "FAT starts with odd byte sequence",
261 				    buffer[0], buffer[1], buffer[2]);
262 				break;
263 			}
264 
265 
266 			if (ask(1, "Correct"))
267 				ret |= FSFIXFAT;
268 		}
269 	}
270 	switch (boot->ClustMask) {
271 	case CLUST32_MASK:
272 		p = buffer + 8;
273 		break;
274 	case CLUST16_MASK:
275 		p = buffer + 4;
276 		break;
277 	default:
278 		p = buffer + 3;
279 		break;
280 	}
281 	for (cl = CLUST_FIRST; cl < boot->NumClusters;) {
282 		switch (boot->ClustMask) {
283 		case CLUST32_MASK:
284 			fat[cl].next = p[0] + (p[1] << 8)
285 				       + (p[2] << 16) + (p[3] << 24);
286 			fat[cl].next &= boot->ClustMask;
287 			ret |= checkclnum(boot, no, cl, &fat[cl].next);
288 			cl++;
289 			p += 4;
290 			break;
291 		case CLUST16_MASK:
292 			fat[cl].next = p[0] + (p[1] << 8);
293 			ret |= checkclnum(boot, no, cl, &fat[cl].next);
294 			cl++;
295 			p += 2;
296 			break;
297 		default:
298 			fat[cl].next = (p[0] + (p[1] << 8)) & 0x0fff;
299 			ret |= checkclnum(boot, no, cl, &fat[cl].next);
300 			cl++;
301 			if (cl >= boot->NumClusters)
302 				break;
303 			fat[cl].next = ((p[1] >> 4) + (p[2] << 4)) & 0x0fff;
304 			ret |= checkclnum(boot, no, cl, &fat[cl].next);
305 			cl++;
306 			p += 3;
307 			break;
308 		}
309 	}
310 
311 	free(buffer);
312 	if (ret & FSFATAL) {
313 		free(fat);
314 		*fp = NULL;
315 	} else
316 		*fp = fat;
317 	return ret;
318 }
319 
320 /*
321  * Get type of reserved cluster
322  */
323 const char *
324 rsrvdcltype(cl_t cl)
325 {
326 	if (cl == CLUST_FREE)
327 		return "free";
328 	if (cl < CLUST_BAD)
329 		return "reserved";
330 	if (cl > CLUST_BAD)
331 		return "as EOF";
332 	return "bad";
333 }
334 
335 static int
336 clustdiffer(cl_t cl, cl_t *cp1, cl_t *cp2, u_int fatnum)
337 {
338 	if (*cp1 == CLUST_FREE || *cp1 >= CLUST_RSRVD) {
339 		if (*cp2 == CLUST_FREE || *cp2 >= CLUST_RSRVD) {
340 			if ((*cp1 != CLUST_FREE && *cp1 < CLUST_BAD
341 			     && *cp2 != CLUST_FREE && *cp2 < CLUST_BAD)
342 			    || (*cp1 > CLUST_BAD && *cp2 > CLUST_BAD)) {
343 				pwarn("Cluster %u is marked %s with different indicators\n",
344 				      cl, rsrvdcltype(*cp1));
345 				if (ask(1, "Fix")) {
346 					*cp2 = *cp1;
347 					return FSFATMOD;
348 				}
349 				return FSFATAL;
350 			}
351 			pwarn("Cluster %u is marked %s in FAT 0, %s in FAT %u\n",
352 			      cl, rsrvdcltype(*cp1), rsrvdcltype(*cp2), fatnum);
353 			if (ask(0, "Use FAT 0's entry")) {
354 				*cp2 = *cp1;
355 				return FSFATMOD;
356 			}
357 			if (ask(0, "Use FAT %u's entry", fatnum)) {
358 				*cp1 = *cp2;
359 				return FSFATMOD;
360 			}
361 			return FSFATAL;
362 		}
363 		pwarn("Cluster %u is marked %s in FAT 0, but continues with cluster %u in FAT %d\n",
364 		      cl, rsrvdcltype(*cp1), *cp2, fatnum);
365 		if (ask(0, "Use continuation from FAT %u", fatnum)) {
366 			*cp1 = *cp2;
367 			return FSFATMOD;
368 		}
369 		if (ask(0, "Use mark from FAT 0")) {
370 			*cp2 = *cp1;
371 			return FSFATMOD;
372 		}
373 		return FSFATAL;
374 	}
375 	if (*cp2 == CLUST_FREE || *cp2 >= CLUST_RSRVD) {
376 		pwarn("Cluster %u continues with cluster %u in FAT 0, but is marked %s in FAT %u\n",
377 		      cl, *cp1, rsrvdcltype(*cp2), fatnum);
378 		if (ask(0, "Use continuation from FAT 0")) {
379 			*cp2 = *cp1;
380 			return FSFATMOD;
381 		}
382 		if (ask(0, "Use mark from FAT %d", fatnum)) {
383 			*cp1 = *cp2;
384 			return FSFATMOD;
385 		}
386 		return FSERROR;
387 	}
388 	pwarn("Cluster %u continues with cluster %u in FAT 0, but with cluster %u in FAT %u\n",
389 	      cl, *cp1, *cp2, fatnum);
390 	if (ask(0, "Use continuation from FAT 0")) {
391 		*cp2 = *cp1;
392 		return FSFATMOD;
393 	}
394 	if (ask(0, "Use continuation from FAT %u", fatnum)) {
395 		*cp1 = *cp2;
396 		return FSFATMOD;
397 	}
398 	return FSERROR;
399 }
400 
401 /*
402  * Compare two FAT copies in memory. Resolve any conflicts and merge them
403  * into the first one.
404  */
405 int
406 comparefat(struct bootblock *boot, struct fatEntry *first,
407     struct fatEntry *second, u_int fatnum)
408 {
409 	cl_t cl;
410 	int ret = FSOK;
411 
412 	for (cl = CLUST_FIRST; cl < boot->NumClusters; cl++)
413 		if (first[cl].next != second[cl].next)
414 			ret |= clustdiffer(cl, &first[cl].next, &second[cl].next, fatnum);
415 	return ret;
416 }
417 
418 void
419 clearchain(struct bootblock *boot, struct fatEntry *fat, cl_t head)
420 {
421 	cl_t p, q;
422 
423 	for (p = head; p >= CLUST_FIRST && p < boot->NumClusters; p = q) {
424 		if (fat[p].head != head)
425 			break;
426 		q = fat[p].next;
427 		fat[p].next = fat[p].head = CLUST_FREE;
428 		fat[p].length = 0;
429 	}
430 }
431 
432 int
433 tryclear(struct bootblock *boot, struct fatEntry *fat, cl_t head, cl_t *truncp)
434 {
435 	if (ask(0, "Clear chain starting at %u", head)) {
436 		clearchain(boot, fat, head);
437 		return FSFATMOD;
438 	} else if (ask(0, "Truncate")) {
439 		uint32_t len;
440 		cl_t p;
441 
442 		for (p = head, len = 0;
443 		    p >= CLUST_FIRST && p < boot->NumClusters;
444 		    p = fat[p].next, len++)
445 			continue;
446 		*truncp = CLUST_EOF;
447 		fat[head].length = len;
448 		return FSFATMOD;
449 	} else
450 		return FSERROR;
451 }
452 
453 /*
454  * Check a complete FAT in-memory for crosslinks
455  */
456 int
457 checkfat(struct bootblock *boot, struct fatEntry *fat)
458 {
459 	cl_t head, p, h, n;
460 	u_int len;
461 	int ret = 0;
462 	int conf;
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * pass 1: figure out the cluster chains.
466 	 */
467 	for (head = CLUST_FIRST; head < boot->NumClusters; head++) {
468 		/* find next untravelled chain */
469 		if (fat[head].head != 0		/* cluster already belongs to some chain */
470 		    || fat[head].next == CLUST_FREE
471 		    || fat[head].next == CLUST_BAD)
472 			continue;		/* skip it. */
473 
474 		/* follow the chain and mark all clusters on the way */
475 		for (len = 0, p = head;
476 		     p >= CLUST_FIRST && p < boot->NumClusters &&
477 		     fat[p].head != head;
478 		     p = fat[p].next) {
479 			fat[p].head = head;
480 			len++;
481 		}
482 
483 		/* the head record gets the length */
484 		fat[head].length = fat[head].next == CLUST_FREE ? 0 : len;
485 	}
486 
487 	/*
488 	 * pass 2: check for crosslinked chains (we couldn't do this in pass 1 because
489 	 * we didn't know the real start of the chain then - would have treated partial
490 	 * chains as interlinked with their main chain)
491 	 */
492 	for (head = CLUST_FIRST; head < boot->NumClusters; head++) {
493 		/* find next untravelled chain */
494 		if (fat[head].head != head)
495 			continue;
496 
497 		/* follow the chain to its end (hopefully) */
498 		for (len = fat[head].length, p = head;
499 		     (n = fat[p].next) >= CLUST_FIRST && n < boot->NumClusters;
500 		     p = n)
501 			if (fat[n].head != head || len-- < 2)
502 				break;
503 		if (n >= CLUST_EOFS)
504 			continue;
505 
506 		if (n == CLUST_FREE || n >= CLUST_RSRVD) {
507 			pwarn("Cluster chain starting at %u ends with cluster marked %s\n",
508 			      head, rsrvdcltype(n));
509 clear:
510 			ret |= tryclear(boot, fat, head, &fat[p].next);
511 			continue;
512 		}
513 		if (n < CLUST_FIRST || n >= boot->NumClusters) {
514 			pwarn("Cluster chain starting at %u ends with cluster out of range (%u)\n",
515 			    head, n);
516 			goto clear;
517 		}
518 		if (head == fat[n].head) {
519 			pwarn("Cluster chain starting at %u loops at cluster %u\n",
520 
521 			    head, p);
522 			goto clear;
523 		}
524 		pwarn("Cluster chains starting at %u and %u are linked at cluster %u\n",
525 		      head, fat[n].head, n);
526 		conf = tryclear(boot, fat, head, &fat[p].next);
527 		if (ask(0, "Clear chain starting at %u", h = fat[n].head)) {
528 			if (conf == FSERROR) {
529 				/*
530 				 * Transfer the common chain to the one not cleared above.
531 				 */
532 				for (p = n;
533 				     p >= CLUST_FIRST && p < boot->NumClusters;
534 				     p = fat[p].next) {
535 					if (h != fat[p].head) {
536 						/*
537 						 * Have to reexamine this chain.
538 						 */
539 						head--;
540 						break;
541 					}
542 					fat[p].head = head;
543 				}
544 			}
545 			clearchain(boot, fat, h);
546 			conf |= FSFATMOD;
547 		}
548 		ret |= conf;
549 	}
550 
551 	return ret;
552 }
553 
554 /*
555  * Write out FATs encoding them from the internal format
556  */
557 int
558 writefat(int fs, struct bootblock *boot, struct fatEntry *fat, int correct_fat)
559 {
560 	u_char *buffer, *p;
561 	cl_t cl;
562 	u_int i;
563 	size_t fatsz;
564 	off_t off;
565 	int ret = FSOK;
566 
567 	buffer = malloc(fatsz = boot->FATsecs * boot->bpbBytesPerSec);
568 	if (buffer == NULL) {
569 		perr("No space for FAT sectors (%zu)", fatsz);
570 		return FSFATAL;
571 	}
572 	memset(buffer, 0, fatsz);
573 	boot->NumFree = 0;
574 	p = buffer;
575 	if (correct_fat) {
576 		*p++ = (u_char)boot->bpbMedia;
577 		*p++ = 0xff;
578 		*p++ = 0xff;
579 		switch (boot->ClustMask) {
580 		case CLUST16_MASK:
581 			*p++ = 0xff;
582 			break;
583 		case CLUST32_MASK:
584 			*p++ = 0x0f;
585 			*p++ = 0xff;
586 			*p++ = 0xff;
587 			*p++ = 0xff;
588 			*p++ = 0x0f;
589 			break;
590 		}
591 	} else {
592 		/* use same FAT signature as the old FAT has */
593 		int count;
594 		u_char *old_fat;
595 
596 		switch (boot->ClustMask) {
597 		case CLUST32_MASK:
598 			count = 8;
599 			break;
600 		case CLUST16_MASK:
601 			count = 4;
602 			break;
603 		default:
604 			count = 3;
605 			break;
606 		}
607 
608 		if (!_readfat(fs, boot, boot->ValidFat >= 0 ? boot->ValidFat :0,
609 					 &old_fat)) {
610 			free(buffer);
611 			return FSFATAL;
612 		}
613 
614 		memcpy(p, old_fat, count);
615 		free(old_fat);
616 		p += count;
617 	}
618 
619 	for (cl = CLUST_FIRST; cl < boot->NumClusters; cl++) {
620 		switch (boot->ClustMask) {
621 		case CLUST32_MASK:
622 			if (fat[cl].next == CLUST_FREE)
623 				boot->NumFree++;
624 			*p++ = (u_char)fat[cl].next;
625 			*p++ = (u_char)(fat[cl].next >> 8);
626 			*p++ = (u_char)(fat[cl].next >> 16);
627 			*p &= 0xf0;
628 			*p++ |= (fat[cl].next >> 24)&0x0f;
629 			break;
630 		case CLUST16_MASK:
631 			if (fat[cl].next == CLUST_FREE)
632 				boot->NumFree++;
633 			*p++ = (u_char)fat[cl].next;
634 			*p++ = (u_char)(fat[cl].next >> 8);
635 			break;
636 		default:
637 			if (fat[cl].next == CLUST_FREE)
638 				boot->NumFree++;
639 			*p++ = (u_char)fat[cl].next;
640 			*p = (u_char)((fat[cl].next >> 8) & 0xf);
641 			cl++;
642 			if (cl >= boot->NumClusters)
643 				break;
644 			if (fat[cl].next == CLUST_FREE)
645 				boot->NumFree++;
646 			*p++ |= (u_char)(fat[cl + 1].next << 4);
647 			*p++ = (u_char)(fat[cl + 1].next >> 4);
648 			break;
649 		}
650 	}
651 	for (i = 0; i < boot->bpbFATs; i++) {
652 		off = boot->bpbResSectors + i * boot->FATsecs;
653 		off *= boot->bpbBytesPerSec;
654 		if (lseek(fs, off, SEEK_SET) != off
655 		    || (size_t)write(fs, buffer, fatsz) != fatsz) {
656 			perr("Unable to write FAT");
657 			ret = FSFATAL; /* Return immediately?		XXX */
658 		}
659 	}
660 	free(buffer);
661 	return ret;
662 }
663 
664 /*
665  * Check a complete in-memory FAT for lost cluster chains
666  */
667 int
668 checklost(int dosfs, struct bootblock *boot, struct fatEntry *fat)
669 {
670 	cl_t head;
671 	int mod = FSOK;
672 	int ret;
673 
674 	for (head = CLUST_FIRST; head < boot->NumClusters; head++) {
675 		/* find next untravelled chain */
676 		if (fat[head].head != head
677 		    || fat[head].next == CLUST_FREE
678 		    || (fat[head].next >= CLUST_RSRVD
679 			&& fat[head].next < CLUST_EOFS)
680 		    || (fat[head].flags & FAT_USED))
681 			continue;
682 
683 		pwarn("Lost cluster chain at cluster %u\n%d Cluster(s) lost\n",
684 		      head, fat[head].length);
685 		mod |= ret = reconnect(dosfs, boot, fat, head);
686 		if (mod & FSFATAL)
687 			break;
688 		if (ret == FSERROR && ask(0, "Clear")) {
689 			clearchain(boot, fat, head);
690 			mod |= FSFATMOD;
691 		}
692 	}
693 	finishlf();
694 
695 	if (boot->bpbFSInfo) {
696 		ret = 0;
697 		if (boot->FSFree != 0xffffffffU &&
698 		    boot->FSFree != boot->NumFree) {
699 			pwarn("Free space in FSInfo block (%u) not correct (%u)\n",
700 			      boot->FSFree, boot->NumFree);
701 			if (ask(1, "Fix")) {
702 				boot->FSFree = boot->NumFree;
703 				ret = 1;
704 			}
705 		}
706 		if (ret)
707 			mod |= writefsinfo(dosfs, boot);
708 	}
709 
710 	return mod;
711 }
712