xref: /freebsd/sbin/fsck_ffs/fsutil.c (revision 38f0b757fd84d17d0fc24739a7cda160c4516d81)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #if 0
31 #ifndef lint
32 static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)utilities.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/19/95";
33 #endif /* not lint */
34 #endif
35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
36 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
37 
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <sys/time.h>
40 #include <sys/types.h>
41 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
42 #include <sys/disk.h>
43 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
44 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
45 #include <sys/stat.h>
46 
47 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
48 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
49 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
50 
51 #include <err.h>
52 #include <errno.h>
53 #include <string.h>
54 #include <ctype.h>
55 #include <fstab.h>
56 #include <stdint.h>
57 #include <stdio.h>
58 #include <stdlib.h>
59 #include <time.h>
60 #include <unistd.h>
61 
62 #include "fsck.h"
63 
64 static void slowio_start(void);
65 static void slowio_end(void);
66 static void printIOstats(void);
67 
68 static long diskreads, totaldiskreads, totalreads; /* Disk cache statistics */
69 static struct timespec startpass, finishpass;
70 struct timeval slowio_starttime;
71 int slowio_delay_usec = 10000;	/* Initial IO delay for background fsck */
72 int slowio_pollcnt;
73 static struct bufarea cgblk;	/* backup buffer for cylinder group blocks */
74 static TAILQ_HEAD(buflist, bufarea) bufhead;	/* head of buffer cache list */
75 static int numbufs;				/* size of buffer cache */
76 static char *buftype[BT_NUMBUFTYPES] = BT_NAMES;
77 static struct bufarea *cgbufs;	/* header for cylinder group cache */
78 static int flushtries;		/* number of tries to reclaim memory */
79 
80 void
81 fsutilinit(void)
82 {
83 	diskreads = totaldiskreads = totalreads = 0;
84 	bzero(&startpass, sizeof(struct timespec));
85 	bzero(&finishpass, sizeof(struct timespec));
86 	bzero(&slowio_starttime, sizeof(struct timeval));
87 	slowio_delay_usec = 10000;
88 	slowio_pollcnt = 0;
89 	bzero(&cgblk, sizeof(struct bufarea));
90 	TAILQ_INIT(&bufhead);
91 	numbufs = 0;
92 	/* buftype ? */
93 	cgbufs = NULL;
94 	flushtries = 0;
95 }
96 
97 int
98 ftypeok(union dinode *dp)
99 {
100 	switch (DIP(dp, di_mode) & IFMT) {
101 
102 	case IFDIR:
103 	case IFREG:
104 	case IFBLK:
105 	case IFCHR:
106 	case IFLNK:
107 	case IFSOCK:
108 	case IFIFO:
109 		return (1);
110 
111 	default:
112 		if (debug)
113 			printf("bad file type 0%o\n", DIP(dp, di_mode));
114 		return (0);
115 	}
116 }
117 
118 int
119 reply(const char *question)
120 {
121 	int persevere;
122 	char c;
123 
124 	if (preen)
125 		pfatal("INTERNAL ERROR: GOT TO reply()");
126 	persevere = !strcmp(question, "CONTINUE");
127 	printf("\n");
128 	if (!persevere && (nflag || (fswritefd < 0 && bkgrdflag == 0))) {
129 		printf("%s? no\n\n", question);
130 		resolved = 0;
131 		return (0);
132 	}
133 	if (yflag || (persevere && nflag)) {
134 		printf("%s? yes\n\n", question);
135 		return (1);
136 	}
137 	do	{
138 		printf("%s? [yn] ", question);
139 		(void) fflush(stdout);
140 		c = getc(stdin);
141 		while (c != '\n' && getc(stdin) != '\n') {
142 			if (feof(stdin)) {
143 				resolved = 0;
144 				return (0);
145 			}
146 		}
147 	} while (c != 'y' && c != 'Y' && c != 'n' && c != 'N');
148 	printf("\n");
149 	if (c == 'y' || c == 'Y')
150 		return (1);
151 	resolved = 0;
152 	return (0);
153 }
154 
155 /*
156  * Look up state information for an inode.
157  */
158 struct inostat *
159 inoinfo(ino_t inum)
160 {
161 	static struct inostat unallocated = { USTATE, 0, 0 };
162 	struct inostatlist *ilp;
163 	int iloff;
164 
165 	if (inum > maxino)
166 		errx(EEXIT, "inoinfo: inumber %ju out of range",
167 		    (uintmax_t)inum);
168 	ilp = &inostathead[inum / sblock.fs_ipg];
169 	iloff = inum % sblock.fs_ipg;
170 	if (iloff >= ilp->il_numalloced)
171 		return (&unallocated);
172 	return (&ilp->il_stat[iloff]);
173 }
174 
175 /*
176  * Malloc buffers and set up cache.
177  */
178 void
179 bufinit(void)
180 {
181 	struct bufarea *bp;
182 	long bufcnt, i;
183 	char *bufp;
184 
185 	pbp = pdirbp = (struct bufarea *)0;
186 	bufp = Malloc((unsigned int)sblock.fs_bsize);
187 	if (bufp == 0)
188 		errx(EEXIT, "cannot allocate buffer pool");
189 	cgblk.b_un.b_buf = bufp;
190 	initbarea(&cgblk, BT_CYLGRP);
191 	TAILQ_INIT(&bufhead);
192 	bufcnt = MAXBUFS;
193 	if (bufcnt < MINBUFS)
194 		bufcnt = MINBUFS;
195 	for (i = 0; i < bufcnt; i++) {
196 		bp = (struct bufarea *)Malloc(sizeof(struct bufarea));
197 		bufp = Malloc((unsigned int)sblock.fs_bsize);
198 		if (bp == NULL || bufp == NULL) {
199 			if (i >= MINBUFS)
200 				break;
201 			errx(EEXIT, "cannot allocate buffer pool");
202 		}
203 		bp->b_un.b_buf = bufp;
204 		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bufhead, bp, b_list);
205 		initbarea(bp, BT_UNKNOWN);
206 	}
207 	numbufs = i;	/* save number of buffers */
208 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
209 		readtime[i].tv_sec = totalreadtime[i].tv_sec = 0;
210 		readtime[i].tv_nsec = totalreadtime[i].tv_nsec = 0;
211 		readcnt[i] = totalreadcnt[i] = 0;
212 	}
213 }
214 
215 /*
216  * Manage cylinder group buffers.
217  */
218 static struct bufarea *cgbufs;	/* header for cylinder group cache */
219 static int flushtries;		/* number of tries to reclaim memory */
220 
221 struct bufarea *
222 cgget(int cg)
223 {
224 	struct bufarea *cgbp;
225 	struct cg *cgp;
226 
227 	if (cgbufs == NULL) {
228 		cgbufs = calloc(sblock.fs_ncg, sizeof(struct bufarea));
229 		if (cgbufs == NULL)
230 			errx(EEXIT, "cannot allocate cylinder group buffers");
231 	}
232 	cgbp = &cgbufs[cg];
233 	if (cgbp->b_un.b_cg != NULL)
234 		return (cgbp);
235 	cgp = NULL;
236 	if (flushtries == 0)
237 		cgp = malloc((unsigned int)sblock.fs_cgsize);
238 	if (cgp == NULL) {
239 		getblk(&cgblk, cgtod(&sblock, cg), sblock.fs_cgsize);
240 		return (&cgblk);
241 	}
242 	cgbp->b_un.b_cg = cgp;
243 	initbarea(cgbp, BT_CYLGRP);
244 	getblk(cgbp, cgtod(&sblock, cg), sblock.fs_cgsize);
245 	return (cgbp);
246 }
247 
248 /*
249  * Attempt to flush a cylinder group cache entry.
250  * Return whether the flush was successful.
251  */
252 int
253 flushentry(void)
254 {
255 	struct bufarea *cgbp;
256 
257 	if (flushtries == sblock.fs_ncg || cgbufs == NULL)
258 		return (0);
259 	cgbp = &cgbufs[flushtries++];
260 	if (cgbp->b_un.b_cg == NULL)
261 		return (0);
262 	flush(fswritefd, cgbp);
263 	free(cgbp->b_un.b_buf);
264 	cgbp->b_un.b_buf = NULL;
265 	return (1);
266 }
267 
268 /*
269  * Manage a cache of directory blocks.
270  */
271 struct bufarea *
272 getdatablk(ufs2_daddr_t blkno, long size, int type)
273 {
274 	struct bufarea *bp;
275 
276 	TAILQ_FOREACH(bp, &bufhead, b_list)
277 		if (bp->b_bno == fsbtodb(&sblock, blkno))
278 			goto foundit;
279 	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(bp, &bufhead, buflist, b_list)
280 		if ((bp->b_flags & B_INUSE) == 0)
281 			break;
282 	if (bp == NULL)
283 		errx(EEXIT, "deadlocked buffer pool");
284 	bp->b_type = type;
285 	getblk(bp, blkno, size);
286 	/* fall through */
287 foundit:
288 	if (debug && bp->b_type != type)
289 		printf("Buffer type changed from %s to %s\n",
290 		    buftype[bp->b_type], buftype[type]);
291 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&bufhead, bp, b_list);
292 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bufhead, bp, b_list);
293 	bp->b_flags |= B_INUSE;
294 	return (bp);
295 }
296 
297 /*
298  * Timespec operations (from <sys/time.h>).
299  */
300 #define	timespecsub(vvp, uvp)						\
301 	do {								\
302 		(vvp)->tv_sec -= (uvp)->tv_sec;				\
303 		(vvp)->tv_nsec -= (uvp)->tv_nsec;			\
304 		if ((vvp)->tv_nsec < 0) {				\
305 			(vvp)->tv_sec--;				\
306 			(vvp)->tv_nsec += 1000000000;			\
307 		}							\
308 	} while (0)
309 #define	timespecadd(vvp, uvp)						\
310 	do {								\
311 		(vvp)->tv_sec += (uvp)->tv_sec;				\
312 		(vvp)->tv_nsec += (uvp)->tv_nsec;			\
313 		if ((vvp)->tv_nsec >= 1000000000) {			\
314 			(vvp)->tv_sec++;				\
315 			(vvp)->tv_nsec -= 1000000000;			\
316 		}							\
317 	} while (0)
318 
319 void
320 getblk(struct bufarea *bp, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
321 {
322 	ufs2_daddr_t dblk;
323 	struct timespec start, finish;
324 
325 	dblk = fsbtodb(&sblock, blk);
326 	if (bp->b_bno == dblk) {
327 		totalreads++;
328 	} else {
329 		flush(fswritefd, bp);
330 		if (debug) {
331 			readcnt[bp->b_type]++;
332 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &start);
333 		}
334 		bp->b_errs = blread(fsreadfd, bp->b_un.b_buf, dblk, size);
335 		if (debug) {
336 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &finish);
337 			timespecsub(&finish, &start);
338 			timespecadd(&readtime[bp->b_type], &finish);
339 		}
340 		bp->b_bno = dblk;
341 		bp->b_size = size;
342 	}
343 }
344 
345 void
346 flush(int fd, struct bufarea *bp)
347 {
348 	int i, j;
349 
350 	if (!bp->b_dirty)
351 		return;
352 	bp->b_dirty = 0;
353 	if (fswritefd < 0) {
354 		pfatal("WRITING IN READ_ONLY MODE.\n");
355 		return;
356 	}
357 	if (bp->b_errs != 0)
358 		pfatal("WRITING %sZERO'ED BLOCK %lld TO DISK\n",
359 		    (bp->b_errs == bp->b_size / dev_bsize) ? "" : "PARTIALLY ",
360 		    (long long)bp->b_bno);
361 	bp->b_errs = 0;
362 	blwrite(fd, bp->b_un.b_buf, bp->b_bno, bp->b_size);
363 	if (bp != &sblk)
364 		return;
365 	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize, j++) {
366 		blwrite(fswritefd, (char *)sblock.fs_csp + i,
367 		    fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + j * sblock.fs_frag),
368 		    sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
369 		    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize);
370 	}
371 }
372 
373 void
374 rwerror(const char *mesg, ufs2_daddr_t blk)
375 {
376 
377 	if (bkgrdcheck)
378 		exit(EEXIT);
379 	if (preen == 0)
380 		printf("\n");
381 	pfatal("CANNOT %s: %ld", mesg, (long)blk);
382 	if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
383 		exit(EEXIT);
384 }
385 
386 void
387 ckfini(int markclean)
388 {
389 	struct bufarea *bp, *nbp;
390 	int ofsmodified, cnt;
391 
392 	if (bkgrdflag) {
393 		unlink(snapname);
394 		if ((!(sblock.fs_flags & FS_UNCLEAN)) != markclean) {
395 			cmd.value = FS_UNCLEAN;
396 			cmd.size = markclean ? -1 : 1;
397 			if (sysctlbyname("vfs.ffs.setflags", 0, 0,
398 			    &cmd, sizeof cmd) == -1)
399 				rwerror("SET FILE SYSTEM FLAGS", FS_UNCLEAN);
400 			if (!preen) {
401 				printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM MARKED %s *****\n",
402 				    markclean ? "CLEAN" : "DIRTY");
403 				if (!markclean)
404 					rerun = 1;
405 			}
406 		} else if (!preen && !markclean) {
407 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM STILL DIRTY *****\n");
408 			rerun = 1;
409 		}
410 	}
411 	if (debug && totalreads > 0)
412 		printf("cache with %d buffers missed %ld of %ld (%d%%)\n",
413 		    numbufs, totaldiskreads, totalreads,
414 		    (int)(totaldiskreads * 100 / totalreads));
415 	if (fswritefd < 0) {
416 		(void)close(fsreadfd);
417 		return;
418 	}
419 	flush(fswritefd, &sblk);
420 	if (havesb && cursnapshot == 0 && sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC &&
421 	    sblk.b_bno != sblock.fs_sblockloc / dev_bsize &&
422 	    !preen && reply("UPDATE STANDARD SUPERBLOCK")) {
423 		sblk.b_bno = sblock.fs_sblockloc / dev_bsize;
424 		sbdirty();
425 		flush(fswritefd, &sblk);
426 	}
427 	flush(fswritefd, &cgblk);
428 	free(cgblk.b_un.b_buf);
429 	cnt = 0;
430 	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(bp, &bufhead, buflist, b_list, nbp) {
431 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&bufhead, bp, b_list);
432 		cnt++;
433 		flush(fswritefd, bp);
434 		free(bp->b_un.b_buf);
435 		free((char *)bp);
436 	}
437 	if (numbufs != cnt)
438 		errx(EEXIT, "panic: lost %d buffers", numbufs - cnt);
439 	if (cgbufs != NULL) {
440 		for (cnt = 0; cnt < sblock.fs_ncg; cnt++) {
441 			if (cgbufs[cnt].b_un.b_cg == NULL)
442 				continue;
443 			flush(fswritefd, &cgbufs[cnt]);
444 			free(cgbufs[cnt].b_un.b_cg);
445 		}
446 		free(cgbufs);
447 	}
448 	pbp = pdirbp = (struct bufarea *)0;
449 	if (cursnapshot == 0 && sblock.fs_clean != markclean) {
450 		if ((sblock.fs_clean = markclean) != 0) {
451 			sblock.fs_flags &= ~(FS_UNCLEAN | FS_NEEDSFSCK);
452 			sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
453 			sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
454 		}
455 		sbdirty();
456 		ofsmodified = fsmodified;
457 		flush(fswritefd, &sblk);
458 		fsmodified = ofsmodified;
459 		if (!preen) {
460 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM MARKED %s *****\n",
461 			    markclean ? "CLEAN" : "DIRTY");
462 			if (!markclean)
463 				rerun = 1;
464 		}
465 	} else if (!preen) {
466 		if (markclean) {
467 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM IS CLEAN *****\n");
468 		} else {
469 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM STILL DIRTY *****\n");
470 			rerun = 1;
471 		}
472 	}
473 	(void)close(fsreadfd);
474 	(void)close(fswritefd);
475 }
476 
477 /*
478  * Print out I/O statistics.
479  */
480 void
481 IOstats(char *what)
482 {
483 	int i;
484 
485 	if (debug == 0)
486 		return;
487 	if (diskreads == 0) {
488 		printf("%s: no I/O\n\n", what);
489 		return;
490 	}
491 	if (startpass.tv_sec == 0)
492 		startpass = startprog;
493 	printf("%s: I/O statistics\n", what);
494 	printIOstats();
495 	totaldiskreads += diskreads;
496 	diskreads = 0;
497 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
498 		timespecadd(&totalreadtime[i], &readtime[i]);
499 		totalreadcnt[i] += readcnt[i];
500 		readtime[i].tv_sec = readtime[i].tv_nsec = 0;
501 		readcnt[i] = 0;
502 	}
503 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &startpass);
504 }
505 
506 void
507 finalIOstats(void)
508 {
509 	int i;
510 
511 	if (debug == 0)
512 		return;
513 	printf("Final I/O statistics\n");
514 	totaldiskreads += diskreads;
515 	diskreads = totaldiskreads;
516 	startpass = startprog;
517 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
518 		timespecadd(&totalreadtime[i], &readtime[i]);
519 		totalreadcnt[i] += readcnt[i];
520 		readtime[i] = totalreadtime[i];
521 		readcnt[i] = totalreadcnt[i];
522 	}
523 	printIOstats();
524 }
525 
526 static void printIOstats(void)
527 {
528 	long long msec, totalmsec;
529 	int i;
530 
531 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &finishpass);
532 	timespecsub(&finishpass, &startpass);
533 	printf("Running time: %jd.%03ld sec\n",
534 		(intmax_t)finishpass.tv_sec, finishpass.tv_nsec / 1000000);
535 	printf("buffer reads by type:\n");
536 	for (totalmsec = 0, i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++)
537 		totalmsec += readtime[i].tv_sec * 1000 +
538 		    readtime[i].tv_nsec / 1000000;
539 	if (totalmsec == 0)
540 		totalmsec = 1;
541 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
542 		if (readcnt[i] == 0)
543 			continue;
544 		msec =
545 		    readtime[i].tv_sec * 1000 + readtime[i].tv_nsec / 1000000;
546 		printf("%21s:%8ld %2ld.%ld%% %4jd.%03ld sec %2lld.%lld%%\n",
547 		    buftype[i], readcnt[i], readcnt[i] * 100 / diskreads,
548 		    (readcnt[i] * 1000 / diskreads) % 10,
549 		    (intmax_t)readtime[i].tv_sec, readtime[i].tv_nsec / 1000000,
550 		    msec * 100 / totalmsec, (msec * 1000 / totalmsec) % 10);
551 	}
552 	printf("\n");
553 }
554 
555 int
556 blread(int fd, char *buf, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
557 {
558 	char *cp;
559 	int i, errs;
560 	off_t offset;
561 
562 	offset = blk;
563 	offset *= dev_bsize;
564 	if (bkgrdflag)
565 		slowio_start();
566 	totalreads++;
567 	diskreads++;
568 	if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
569 		rwerror("SEEK BLK", blk);
570 	else if (read(fd, buf, (int)size) == size) {
571 		if (bkgrdflag)
572 			slowio_end();
573 		return (0);
574 	}
575 
576 	/*
577 	 * This is handled specially here instead of in rwerror because
578 	 * rwerror is used for all sorts of errors, not just true read/write
579 	 * errors.  It should be refactored and fixed.
580 	 */
581 	if (surrender) {
582 		pfatal("CANNOT READ_BLK: %ld", (long)blk);
583 		errx(EEXIT, "ABORTING DUE TO READ ERRORS");
584 	} else
585 		rwerror("READ BLK", blk);
586 
587 	if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
588 		rwerror("SEEK BLK", blk);
589 	errs = 0;
590 	memset(buf, 0, (size_t)size);
591 	printf("THE FOLLOWING DISK SECTORS COULD NOT BE READ:");
592 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < size; i += secsize, cp += secsize) {
593 		if (read(fd, cp, (int)secsize) != secsize) {
594 			(void)lseek(fd, offset + i + secsize, 0);
595 			if (secsize != dev_bsize && dev_bsize != 1)
596 				printf(" %jd (%jd),",
597 				    (intmax_t)(blk * dev_bsize + i) / secsize,
598 				    (intmax_t)blk + i / dev_bsize);
599 			else
600 				printf(" %jd,", (intmax_t)blk + i / dev_bsize);
601 			errs++;
602 		}
603 	}
604 	printf("\n");
605 	if (errs)
606 		resolved = 0;
607 	return (errs);
608 }
609 
610 void
611 blwrite(int fd, char *buf, ufs2_daddr_t blk, ssize_t size)
612 {
613 	int i;
614 	char *cp;
615 	off_t offset;
616 
617 	if (fd < 0)
618 		return;
619 	offset = blk;
620 	offset *= dev_bsize;
621 	if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
622 		rwerror("SEEK BLK", blk);
623 	else if (write(fd, buf, size) == size) {
624 		fsmodified = 1;
625 		return;
626 	}
627 	resolved = 0;
628 	rwerror("WRITE BLK", blk);
629 	if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
630 		rwerror("SEEK BLK", blk);
631 	printf("THE FOLLOWING SECTORS COULD NOT BE WRITTEN:");
632 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < size; i += dev_bsize, cp += dev_bsize)
633 		if (write(fd, cp, dev_bsize) != dev_bsize) {
634 			(void)lseek(fd, offset + i + dev_bsize, 0);
635 			printf(" %jd,", (intmax_t)blk + i / dev_bsize);
636 		}
637 	printf("\n");
638 	return;
639 }
640 
641 void
642 blerase(int fd, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
643 {
644 	off_t ioarg[2];
645 
646 	if (fd < 0)
647 		return;
648 	ioarg[0] = blk * dev_bsize;
649 	ioarg[1] = size;
650 	ioctl(fd, DIOCGDELETE, ioarg);
651 	/* we don't really care if we succeed or not */
652 	return;
653 }
654 
655 /*
656  * Fill a contiguous region with all-zeroes.  Note ZEROBUFSIZE is by
657  * definition a multiple of dev_bsize.
658  */
659 void
660 blzero(int fd, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
661 {
662 	static char *zero;
663 	off_t offset, len;
664 
665 	if (fd < 0)
666 		return;
667 	if (zero == NULL) {
668 		zero = calloc(ZEROBUFSIZE, 1);
669 		if (zero == NULL)
670 			errx(EEXIT, "cannot allocate buffer pool");
671 	}
672 	offset = blk * dev_bsize;
673 	if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
674 		rwerror("SEEK BLK", blk);
675 	while (size > 0) {
676 		len = size > ZEROBUFSIZE ? ZEROBUFSIZE : size;
677 		if (write(fd, zero, len) != len)
678 			rwerror("WRITE BLK", blk);
679 		blk += len / dev_bsize;
680 		size -= len;
681 	}
682 }
683 
684 /*
685  * Verify cylinder group's magic number and other parameters.  If the
686  * test fails, offer an option to rebuild the whole cylinder group.
687  */
688 int
689 check_cgmagic(int cg, struct bufarea *cgbp)
690 {
691 	struct cg *cgp = cgbp->b_un.b_cg;
692 
693 	/*
694 	 * Extended cylinder group checks.
695 	 */
696 	if (cg_chkmagic(cgp) &&
697 	    ((sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC &&
698 	      cgp->cg_old_niblk == sblock.fs_ipg &&
699 	      cgp->cg_ndblk <= sblock.fs_fpg &&
700 	      cgp->cg_old_ncyl <= sblock.fs_old_cpg) ||
701 	     (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC &&
702 	      cgp->cg_niblk == sblock.fs_ipg &&
703 	      cgp->cg_ndblk <= sblock.fs_fpg &&
704 	      cgp->cg_initediblk <= sblock.fs_ipg))) {
705 		return (1);
706 	}
707 	pfatal("CYLINDER GROUP %d: BAD MAGIC NUMBER", cg);
708 	if (!reply("REBUILD CYLINDER GROUP")) {
709 		printf("YOU WILL NEED TO RERUN FSCK.\n");
710 		rerun = 1;
711 		return (1);
712 	}
713 	/*
714 	 * Zero out the cylinder group and then initialize critical fields.
715 	 * Bit maps and summaries will be recalculated by later passes.
716 	 */
717 	memset(cgp, 0, (size_t)sblock.fs_cgsize);
718 	cgp->cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
719 	cgp->cg_cgx = cg;
720 	cgp->cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
721 	cgp->cg_initediblk = sblock.fs_ipg < 2 * INOPB(&sblock) ?
722 	    sblock.fs_ipg : 2 * INOPB(&sblock);
723 	if (cgbase(&sblock, cg) + sblock.fs_fpg < sblock.fs_size)
724 		cgp->cg_ndblk = sblock.fs_fpg;
725 	else
726 		cgp->cg_ndblk = sblock.fs_size - cgbase(&sblock, cg);
727 	cgp->cg_iusedoff = &cgp->cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&cgp->cg_firstfield);
728 	if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
729 		cgp->cg_niblk = 0;
730 		cgp->cg_initediblk = 0;
731 		cgp->cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
732 		cgp->cg_old_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
733 		cgp->cg_old_btotoff = cgp->cg_iusedoff;
734 		cgp->cg_old_boff = cgp->cg_old_btotoff +
735 		    sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
736 		cgp->cg_iusedoff = cgp->cg_old_boff +
737 		    sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
738 	}
739 	cgp->cg_freeoff = cgp->cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
740 	cgp->cg_nextfreeoff = cgp->cg_freeoff + howmany(sblock.fs_fpg,CHAR_BIT);
741 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
742 		cgp->cg_nclusterblks = cgp->cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
743 		cgp->cg_clustersumoff =
744 		    roundup(cgp->cg_nextfreeoff, sizeof(u_int32_t));
745 		cgp->cg_clustersumoff -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
746 		cgp->cg_clusteroff = cgp->cg_clustersumoff +
747 		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(u_int32_t);
748 		cgp->cg_nextfreeoff = cgp->cg_clusteroff +
749 		    howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
750 	}
751 	dirty(cgbp);
752 	return (0);
753 }
754 
755 /*
756  * allocate a data block with the specified number of fragments
757  */
758 ufs2_daddr_t
759 allocblk(long frags)
760 {
761 	int i, j, k, cg, baseblk;
762 	struct bufarea *cgbp;
763 	struct cg *cgp;
764 
765 	if (frags <= 0 || frags > sblock.fs_frag)
766 		return (0);
767 	for (i = 0; i < maxfsblock - sblock.fs_frag; i += sblock.fs_frag) {
768 		for (j = 0; j <= sblock.fs_frag - frags; j++) {
769 			if (testbmap(i + j))
770 				continue;
771 			for (k = 1; k < frags; k++)
772 				if (testbmap(i + j + k))
773 					break;
774 			if (k < frags) {
775 				j += k;
776 				continue;
777 			}
778 			cg = dtog(&sblock, i + j);
779 			cgbp = cgget(cg);
780 			cgp = cgbp->b_un.b_cg;
781 			if (!check_cgmagic(cg, cgbp))
782 				return (0);
783 			baseblk = dtogd(&sblock, i + j);
784 			for (k = 0; k < frags; k++) {
785 				setbmap(i + j + k);
786 				clrbit(cg_blksfree(cgp), baseblk + k);
787 			}
788 			n_blks += frags;
789 			if (frags == sblock.fs_frag)
790 				cgp->cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
791 			else
792 				cgp->cg_cs.cs_nffree -= frags;
793 			dirty(cgbp);
794 			return (i + j);
795 		}
796 	}
797 	return (0);
798 }
799 
800 /*
801  * Free a previously allocated block
802  */
803 void
804 freeblk(ufs2_daddr_t blkno, long frags)
805 {
806 	struct inodesc idesc;
807 
808 	idesc.id_blkno = blkno;
809 	idesc.id_numfrags = frags;
810 	(void)pass4check(&idesc);
811 }
812 
813 /* Slow down IO so as to leave some disk bandwidth for other processes */
814 void
815 slowio_start()
816 {
817 
818 	/* Delay one in every 8 operations */
819 	slowio_pollcnt = (slowio_pollcnt + 1) & 7;
820 	if (slowio_pollcnt == 0) {
821 		gettimeofday(&slowio_starttime, NULL);
822 	}
823 }
824 
825 void
826 slowio_end()
827 {
828 	struct timeval tv;
829 	int delay_usec;
830 
831 	if (slowio_pollcnt != 0)
832 		return;
833 
834 	/* Update the slowdown interval. */
835 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
836 	delay_usec = (tv.tv_sec - slowio_starttime.tv_sec) * 1000000 +
837 	    (tv.tv_usec - slowio_starttime.tv_usec);
838 	if (delay_usec < 64)
839 		delay_usec = 64;
840 	if (delay_usec > 2500000)
841 		delay_usec = 2500000;
842 	slowio_delay_usec = (slowio_delay_usec * 63 + delay_usec) >> 6;
843 	/* delay by 8 times the average IO delay */
844 	if (slowio_delay_usec > 64)
845 		usleep(slowio_delay_usec * 8);
846 }
847 
848 /*
849  * Find a pathname
850  */
851 void
852 getpathname(char *namebuf, ino_t curdir, ino_t ino)
853 {
854 	int len;
855 	char *cp;
856 	struct inodesc idesc;
857 	static int busy = 0;
858 
859 	if (curdir == ino && ino == ROOTINO) {
860 		(void)strcpy(namebuf, "/");
861 		return;
862 	}
863 	if (busy || !INO_IS_DVALID(curdir)) {
864 		(void)strcpy(namebuf, "?");
865 		return;
866 	}
867 	busy = 1;
868 	memset(&idesc, 0, sizeof(struct inodesc));
869 	idesc.id_type = DATA;
870 	idesc.id_fix = IGNORE;
871 	cp = &namebuf[MAXPATHLEN - 1];
872 	*cp = '\0';
873 	if (curdir != ino) {
874 		idesc.id_parent = curdir;
875 		goto namelookup;
876 	}
877 	while (ino != ROOTINO) {
878 		idesc.id_number = ino;
879 		idesc.id_func = findino;
880 		idesc.id_name = strdup("..");
881 		if ((ckinode(ginode(ino), &idesc) & FOUND) == 0)
882 			break;
883 	namelookup:
884 		idesc.id_number = idesc.id_parent;
885 		idesc.id_parent = ino;
886 		idesc.id_func = findname;
887 		idesc.id_name = namebuf;
888 		if ((ckinode(ginode(idesc.id_number), &idesc)&FOUND) == 0)
889 			break;
890 		len = strlen(namebuf);
891 		cp -= len;
892 		memmove(cp, namebuf, (size_t)len);
893 		*--cp = '/';
894 		if (cp < &namebuf[MAXNAMLEN])
895 			break;
896 		ino = idesc.id_number;
897 	}
898 	busy = 0;
899 	if (ino != ROOTINO)
900 		*--cp = '?';
901 	memmove(namebuf, cp, (size_t)(&namebuf[MAXPATHLEN] - cp));
902 }
903 
904 void
905 catch(int sig __unused)
906 {
907 
908 	ckfini(0);
909 	exit(12);
910 }
911 
912 /*
913  * When preening, allow a single quit to signal
914  * a special exit after file system checks complete
915  * so that reboot sequence may be interrupted.
916  */
917 void
918 catchquit(int sig __unused)
919 {
920 	printf("returning to single-user after file system check\n");
921 	returntosingle = 1;
922 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
923 }
924 
925 /*
926  * determine whether an inode should be fixed.
927  */
928 int
929 dofix(struct inodesc *idesc, const char *msg)
930 {
931 
932 	switch (idesc->id_fix) {
933 
934 	case DONTKNOW:
935 		if (idesc->id_type == DATA)
936 			direrror(idesc->id_number, msg);
937 		else
938 			pwarn("%s", msg);
939 		if (preen) {
940 			printf(" (SALVAGED)\n");
941 			idesc->id_fix = FIX;
942 			return (ALTERED);
943 		}
944 		if (reply("SALVAGE") == 0) {
945 			idesc->id_fix = NOFIX;
946 			return (0);
947 		}
948 		idesc->id_fix = FIX;
949 		return (ALTERED);
950 
951 	case FIX:
952 		return (ALTERED);
953 
954 	case NOFIX:
955 	case IGNORE:
956 		return (0);
957 
958 	default:
959 		errx(EEXIT, "UNKNOWN INODESC FIX MODE %d", idesc->id_fix);
960 	}
961 	/* NOTREACHED */
962 	return (0);
963 }
964 
965 #include <stdarg.h>
966 
967 /*
968  * An unexpected inconsistency occurred.
969  * Die if preening or file system is running with soft dependency protocol,
970  * otherwise just print message and continue.
971  */
972 void
973 pfatal(const char *fmt, ...)
974 {
975 	va_list ap;
976 	va_start(ap, fmt);
977 	if (!preen) {
978 		(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
979 		va_end(ap);
980 		if (usedsoftdep)
981 			(void)fprintf(stdout,
982 			    "\nUNEXPECTED SOFT UPDATE INCONSISTENCY\n");
983 		/*
984 		 * Force foreground fsck to clean up inconsistency.
985 		 */
986 		if (bkgrdflag) {
987 			cmd.value = FS_NEEDSFSCK;
988 			cmd.size = 1;
989 			if (sysctlbyname("vfs.ffs.setflags", 0, 0,
990 			    &cmd, sizeof cmd) == -1)
991 				pwarn("CANNOT SET FS_NEEDSFSCK FLAG\n");
992 			fprintf(stdout, "CANNOT RUN IN BACKGROUND\n");
993 			ckfini(0);
994 			exit(EEXIT);
995 		}
996 		return;
997 	}
998 	if (cdevname == NULL)
999 		cdevname = strdup("fsck");
1000 	(void)fprintf(stdout, "%s: ", cdevname);
1001 	(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
1002 	(void)fprintf(stdout,
1003 	    "\n%s: UNEXPECTED%sINCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.\n",
1004 	    cdevname, usedsoftdep ? " SOFT UPDATE " : " ");
1005 	/*
1006 	 * Force foreground fsck to clean up inconsistency.
1007 	 */
1008 	if (bkgrdflag) {
1009 		cmd.value = FS_NEEDSFSCK;
1010 		cmd.size = 1;
1011 		if (sysctlbyname("vfs.ffs.setflags", 0, 0,
1012 		    &cmd, sizeof cmd) == -1)
1013 			pwarn("CANNOT SET FS_NEEDSFSCK FLAG\n");
1014 	}
1015 	ckfini(0);
1016 	exit(EEXIT);
1017 }
1018 
1019 /*
1020  * Pwarn just prints a message when not preening or running soft dependency
1021  * protocol, or a warning (preceded by filename) when preening.
1022  */
1023 void
1024 pwarn(const char *fmt, ...)
1025 {
1026 	va_list ap;
1027 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1028 	if (preen)
1029 		(void)fprintf(stdout, "%s: ", cdevname);
1030 	(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
1031 	va_end(ap);
1032 }
1033 
1034 /*
1035  * Stub for routines from kernel.
1036  */
1037 void
1038 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1039 {
1040 	va_list ap;
1041 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1042 	pfatal("INTERNAL INCONSISTENCY:");
1043 	(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
1044 	va_end(ap);
1045 	exit(EEXIT);
1046 }
1047