xref: /freebsd/sbin/fsck_ffs/fsutil.c (revision 089eb4ead8d22d90100a2ad0923794daee31777d)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #if 0
33 #ifndef lint
34 static const char sccsid[] = "@(#)utilities.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/19/95";
35 #endif /* not lint */
36 #endif
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
39 
40 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #include <sys/time.h>
42 #include <sys/types.h>
43 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
44 #include <sys/disk.h>
45 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
46 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
47 #include <sys/stat.h>
48 
49 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
50 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
51 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
52 
53 #include <err.h>
54 #include <errno.h>
55 #include <string.h>
56 #include <ctype.h>
57 #include <fstab.h>
58 #include <stdint.h>
59 #include <stdio.h>
60 #include <stdlib.h>
61 #include <time.h>
62 #include <unistd.h>
63 #include <libufs.h>
64 
65 #include "fsck.h"
66 
67 int		sujrecovery = 0;
68 
69 static struct bufarea *allocbuf(const char *);
70 static void cg_write(struct bufarea *);
71 static void slowio_start(void);
72 static void slowio_end(void);
73 static void printIOstats(void);
74 static void prtbuf(const char *, struct bufarea *);
75 
76 static long diskreads, totaldiskreads, totalreads; /* Disk cache statistics */
77 static struct timespec startpass, finishpass;
78 struct timeval slowio_starttime;
79 int slowio_delay_usec = 10000;	/* Initial IO delay for background fsck */
80 int slowio_pollcnt;
81 static struct bufarea cgblk;	/* backup buffer for cylinder group blocks */
82 static TAILQ_HEAD(bufqueue, bufarea) bufqueuehd; /* head of buffer cache LRU */
83 static LIST_HEAD(bufhash, bufarea) bufhashhd[HASHSIZE]; /* buffer hash list */
84 static int numbufs;				/* size of buffer cache */
85 static int cachelookups;			/* number of cache lookups */
86 static int cachereads;				/* number of cache reads */
87 static int flushtries;		/* number of tries to reclaim memory */
88 
89 char *buftype[BT_NUMBUFTYPES] = BT_NAMES;
90 
91 void
92 fsutilinit(void)
93 {
94 	diskreads = totaldiskreads = totalreads = 0;
95 	bzero(&startpass, sizeof(struct timespec));
96 	bzero(&finishpass, sizeof(struct timespec));
97 	bzero(&slowio_starttime, sizeof(struct timeval));
98 	slowio_delay_usec = 10000;
99 	slowio_pollcnt = 0;
100 	flushtries = 0;
101 }
102 
103 int
104 ftypeok(union dinode *dp)
105 {
106 	switch (DIP(dp, di_mode) & IFMT) {
107 
108 	case IFDIR:
109 	case IFREG:
110 	case IFBLK:
111 	case IFCHR:
112 	case IFLNK:
113 	case IFSOCK:
114 	case IFIFO:
115 		return (1);
116 
117 	default:
118 		if (debug)
119 			printf("bad file type 0%o\n", DIP(dp, di_mode));
120 		return (0);
121 	}
122 }
123 
124 int
125 reply(const char *question)
126 {
127 	int persevere;
128 	char c;
129 
130 	if (preen)
131 		pfatal("INTERNAL ERROR: GOT TO reply()");
132 	persevere = !strcmp(question, "CONTINUE");
133 	printf("\n");
134 	if (!persevere && (nflag || (fswritefd < 0 && bkgrdflag == 0))) {
135 		printf("%s? no\n\n", question);
136 		resolved = 0;
137 		return (0);
138 	}
139 	if (yflag || (persevere && nflag)) {
140 		printf("%s? yes\n\n", question);
141 		return (1);
142 	}
143 	do	{
144 		printf("%s? [yn] ", question);
145 		(void) fflush(stdout);
146 		c = getc(stdin);
147 		while (c != '\n' && getc(stdin) != '\n') {
148 			if (feof(stdin)) {
149 				resolved = 0;
150 				return (0);
151 			}
152 		}
153 	} while (c != 'y' && c != 'Y' && c != 'n' && c != 'N');
154 	printf("\n");
155 	if (c == 'y' || c == 'Y')
156 		return (1);
157 	resolved = 0;
158 	return (0);
159 }
160 
161 /*
162  * Look up state information for an inode.
163  */
164 struct inostat *
165 inoinfo(ino_t inum)
166 {
167 	static struct inostat unallocated = { USTATE, 0, 0 };
168 	struct inostatlist *ilp;
169 	int iloff;
170 
171 	if (inum > maxino)
172 		errx(EEXIT, "inoinfo: inumber %ju out of range",
173 		    (uintmax_t)inum);
174 	ilp = &inostathead[inum / sblock.fs_ipg];
175 	iloff = inum % sblock.fs_ipg;
176 	if (iloff >= ilp->il_numalloced)
177 		return (&unallocated);
178 	return (&ilp->il_stat[iloff]);
179 }
180 
181 /*
182  * Malloc buffers and set up cache.
183  */
184 void
185 bufinit(void)
186 {
187 	int i;
188 
189 	if ((cgblk.b_un.b_buf = Malloc((unsigned int)sblock.fs_bsize)) == NULL)
190 		errx(EEXIT, "Initial malloc(%d) failed", sblock.fs_bsize);
191 	initbarea(&cgblk, BT_CYLGRP);
192 	numbufs = cachelookups = cachereads = 0;
193 	TAILQ_INIT(&bufqueuehd);
194 	for (i = 0; i < HASHSIZE; i++)
195 		LIST_INIT(&bufhashhd[i]);
196 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
197 		readtime[i].tv_sec = totalreadtime[i].tv_sec = 0;
198 		readtime[i].tv_nsec = totalreadtime[i].tv_nsec = 0;
199 		readcnt[i] = totalreadcnt[i] = 0;
200 	}
201 }
202 
203 static struct bufarea *
204 allocbuf(const char *failreason)
205 {
206 	struct bufarea *bp;
207 	char *bufp;
208 
209 	bp = (struct bufarea *)Malloc(sizeof(struct bufarea));
210 	bufp = Malloc((unsigned int)sblock.fs_bsize);
211 	if (bp == NULL || bufp == NULL) {
212 		errx(EEXIT, "%s", failreason);
213 		/* NOTREACHED */
214 	}
215 	numbufs++;
216 	bp->b_un.b_buf = bufp;
217 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bufqueuehd, bp, b_list);
218 	initbarea(bp, BT_UNKNOWN);
219 	return (bp);
220 }
221 
222 /*
223  * Manage cylinder group buffers.
224  *
225  * Use getblk() here rather than cgget() because the cylinder group
226  * may be corrupted but we want it anyway so we can fix it.
227  */
228 static struct bufarea *cgbufs;	/* header for cylinder group cache */
229 static int flushtries;		/* number of tries to reclaim memory */
230 
231 struct bufarea *
232 cglookup(int cg)
233 {
234 	struct bufarea *cgbp;
235 	struct cg *cgp;
236 
237 	if ((unsigned) cg >= sblock.fs_ncg)
238 		errx(EEXIT, "cglookup: out of range cylinder group %d", cg);
239 	if (cgbufs == NULL) {
240 		cgbufs = calloc(sblock.fs_ncg, sizeof(struct bufarea));
241 		if (cgbufs == NULL)
242 			errx(EEXIT, "Cannot allocate cylinder group buffers");
243 	}
244 	cgbp = &cgbufs[cg];
245 	if (cgbp->b_un.b_cg != NULL)
246 		return (cgbp);
247 	cgp = NULL;
248 	if (flushtries == 0)
249 		cgp = Malloc((unsigned int)sblock.fs_cgsize);
250 	if (cgp == NULL) {
251 		if (sujrecovery)
252 			errx(EEXIT,"Ran out of memory during journal recovery");
253 		flush(fswritefd, &cgblk);
254 		getblk(&cgblk, cgtod(&sblock, cg), sblock.fs_cgsize);
255 		return (&cgblk);
256 	}
257 	cgbp->b_un.b_cg = cgp;
258 	initbarea(cgbp, BT_CYLGRP);
259 	getblk(cgbp, cgtod(&sblock, cg), sblock.fs_cgsize);
260 	return (cgbp);
261 }
262 
263 /*
264  * Mark a cylinder group buffer as dirty.
265  * Update its check-hash if they are enabled.
266  */
267 void
268 cgdirty(struct bufarea *cgbp)
269 {
270 	struct cg *cg;
271 
272 	cg = cgbp->b_un.b_cg;
273 	if ((sblock.fs_metackhash & CK_CYLGRP) != 0) {
274 		cg->cg_ckhash = 0;
275 		cg->cg_ckhash =
276 		    calculate_crc32c(~0L, (void *)cg, sblock.fs_cgsize);
277 	}
278 	dirty(cgbp);
279 }
280 
281 /*
282  * Attempt to flush a cylinder group cache entry.
283  * Return whether the flush was successful.
284  */
285 int
286 flushentry(void)
287 {
288 	struct bufarea *cgbp;
289 
290 	if (sujrecovery || flushtries == sblock.fs_ncg || cgbufs == NULL)
291 		return (0);
292 	cgbp = &cgbufs[flushtries++];
293 	if (cgbp->b_un.b_cg == NULL)
294 		return (0);
295 	flush(fswritefd, cgbp);
296 	free(cgbp->b_un.b_buf);
297 	cgbp->b_un.b_buf = NULL;
298 	return (1);
299 }
300 
301 /*
302  * Manage a cache of directory blocks.
303  */
304 struct bufarea *
305 getdatablk(ufs2_daddr_t blkno, long size, int type)
306 {
307 	struct bufarea *bp;
308 	struct bufhash *bhdp;
309 
310 	cachelookups++;
311 	/* If out of range, return empty buffer with b_err == -1 */
312 	if (type != BT_INODES && chkrange(blkno, size / sblock.fs_fsize)) {
313 		blkno = -1;
314 		type = BT_EMPTY;
315 	}
316 	bhdp = &bufhashhd[HASH(blkno)];
317 	LIST_FOREACH(bp, bhdp, b_hash)
318 		if (bp->b_bno == fsbtodb(&sblock, blkno)) {
319 			if (debug && bp->b_size != size) {
320 				prtbuf("getdatablk: size mismatch", bp);
321 				pfatal("getdatablk: b_size %d != size %ld\n",
322 				    bp->b_size, size);
323 			}
324 			goto foundit;
325 		}
326 	/*
327 	 * Move long-term busy buffer back to the front of the LRU so we
328 	 * do not endless inspect them for recycling.
329 	 */
330 	bp = TAILQ_LAST(&bufqueuehd, bufqueue);
331 	if (bp != NULL && bp->b_refcnt != 0) {
332 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&bufqueuehd, bp, b_list);
333 		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bufqueuehd, bp, b_list);
334 	}
335 	/*
336 	 * Allocate up to the minimum number of buffers before
337 	 * considering recycling any of them.
338 	 */
339 	if (size > sblock.fs_bsize)
340 		errx(EEXIT, "Excessive buffer size %ld > %d\n", size,
341 		    sblock.fs_bsize);
342 	if (numbufs < MINBUFS) {
343 		bp = allocbuf("cannot create minimal buffer pool");
344 	} else if (sujrecovery) {
345 		/*
346 		 * SUJ recovery does not want anything written until it
347 		 * has successfully completed (so it can fail back to
348 		 * full fsck). Thus, we can only recycle clean buffers.
349 		 */
350 		TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(bp, &bufqueuehd, bufqueue, b_list)
351 			if ((bp->b_flags & B_DIRTY) == 0 && bp->b_refcnt == 0)
352 				break;
353 		if (bp == NULL)
354 			bp = allocbuf("Ran out of memory during "
355 			    "journal recovery");
356 		else
357 			LIST_REMOVE(bp, b_hash);
358 	} else {
359 		/*
360 		 * Recycle oldest non-busy buffer.
361 		 */
362 		TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(bp, &bufqueuehd, bufqueue, b_list)
363 			if (bp->b_refcnt == 0)
364 				break;
365 		if (bp == NULL)
366 			bp = allocbuf("Ran out of memory for buffers");
367 		else
368 			LIST_REMOVE(bp, b_hash);
369 	}
370 	flush(fswritefd, bp);
371 	bp->b_type = type;
372 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(bhdp, bp, b_hash);
373 	getblk(bp, blkno, size);
374 	cachereads++;
375 	/* fall through */
376 foundit:
377 	if (debug && bp->b_type != type) {
378 		printf("getdatablk: buffer type changed to %s",
379 		    BT_BUFTYPE(type));
380 		prtbuf("", bp);
381 	}
382 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&bufqueuehd, bp, b_list);
383 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&bufqueuehd, bp, b_list);
384 	if (bp->b_errs == 0)
385 		bp->b_refcnt++;
386 	return (bp);
387 }
388 
389 void
390 getblk(struct bufarea *bp, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
391 {
392 	ufs2_daddr_t dblk;
393 	struct timespec start, finish;
394 
395 	dblk = fsbtodb(&sblock, blk);
396 	if (bp->b_bno == dblk) {
397 		totalreads++;
398 	} else {
399 		if (debug) {
400 			readcnt[bp->b_type]++;
401 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &start);
402 		}
403 		if (bp->b_type != BT_EMPTY)
404 			bp->b_errs =
405 			    blread(fsreadfd, bp->b_un.b_buf, dblk, size);
406 		else
407 			bp->b_errs = -1;
408 		if (debug) {
409 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &finish);
410 			timespecsub(&finish, &start, &finish);
411 			timespecadd(&readtime[bp->b_type], &finish,
412 			    &readtime[bp->b_type]);
413 		}
414 		bp->b_bno = dblk;
415 		bp->b_size = size;
416 	}
417 }
418 
419 void
420 brelse(struct bufarea *bp)
421 {
422 
423 	if (bp->b_refcnt <= 0)
424 		prtbuf("brelse: buffer with negative reference count", bp);
425 	bp->b_refcnt--;
426 }
427 
428 void
429 flush(int fd, struct bufarea *bp)
430 {
431 	struct inode ip;
432 
433 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_DIRTY) == 0)
434 		return;
435 	bp->b_flags &= ~B_DIRTY;
436 	if (fswritefd < 0) {
437 		pfatal("WRITING IN READ_ONLY MODE.\n");
438 		return;
439 	}
440 	if (bp->b_errs != 0)
441 		pfatal("WRITING %sZERO'ED BLOCK %lld TO DISK\n",
442 		    (bp->b_errs == bp->b_size / dev_bsize) ? "" : "PARTIALLY ",
443 		    (long long)bp->b_bno);
444 	bp->b_errs = 0;
445 	/*
446 	 * Write using the appropriate function.
447 	 */
448 	switch (bp->b_type) {
449 	case BT_SUPERBLK:
450 		if (bp != &sblk)
451 			pfatal("BUFFER %p DOES NOT MATCH SBLK %p\n",
452 			    bp, &sblk);
453 		if (sbput(fd, bp->b_un.b_fs, 0) == 0)
454 			fsmodified = 1;
455 		break;
456 	case BT_CYLGRP:
457 		if (sujrecovery)
458 			cg_write(bp);
459 		if (cgput(fswritefd, &sblock, bp->b_un.b_cg) == 0)
460 			fsmodified = 1;
461 		break;
462 	case BT_INODES:
463 		if (debug && sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC) {
464 			struct ufs2_dinode *dp = bp->b_un.b_dinode2;
465 			int i;
466 
467 			for (i = 0; i < INOPB(&sblock); dp++, i++) {
468 				if (ffs_verify_dinode_ckhash(&sblock, dp) == 0)
469 					continue;
470 				pwarn("flush: INODE CHECK-HASH FAILED");
471 				ip.i_bp = bp;
472 				ip.i_dp = (union dinode *)dp;
473 				ip.i_number = bp->b_index + i;
474 				prtinode(&ip);
475 				if (preen || reply("FIX") != 0) {
476 					if (preen)
477 						printf(" (FIXED)\n");
478 					ffs_update_dinode_ckhash(&sblock, dp);
479 					inodirty(&ip);
480 				}
481 			}
482 		}
483 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
484 	default:
485 		blwrite(fd, bp->b_un.b_buf, bp->b_bno, bp->b_size);
486 		break;
487 	}
488 }
489 
490 /*
491  * Journaled soft updates does not maintain cylinder group summary
492  * information during cleanup, so this routine recalculates the summary
493  * information and updates the superblock summary in preparation for
494  * writing out the cylinder group.
495  */
496 static void
497 cg_write(struct bufarea *bp)
498 {
499 	ufs1_daddr_t fragno, cgbno, maxbno;
500 	u_int8_t *blksfree;
501 	struct cg *cgp;
502 	int blk;
503 	int i;
504 
505 	/*
506 	 * Fix the frag and cluster summary.
507 	 */
508 	cgp = bp->b_un.b_cg;
509 	cgp->cg_cs.cs_nbfree = 0;
510 	cgp->cg_cs.cs_nffree = 0;
511 	bzero(&cgp->cg_frsum, sizeof(cgp->cg_frsum));
512 	maxbno = fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg);
513 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
514 		for (i = 1; i <= sblock.fs_contigsumsize; i++)
515 			cg_clustersum(cgp)[i] = 0;
516 		bzero(cg_clustersfree(cgp), howmany(maxbno, CHAR_BIT));
517 	}
518 	blksfree = cg_blksfree(cgp);
519 	for (cgbno = 0; cgbno < maxbno; cgbno++) {
520 		if (ffs_isfreeblock(&sblock, blksfree, cgbno))
521 			continue;
522 		if (ffs_isblock(&sblock, blksfree, cgbno)) {
523 			ffs_clusteracct(&sblock, cgp, cgbno, 1);
524 			cgp->cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
525 			continue;
526 		}
527 		fragno = blkstofrags(&sblock, cgbno);
528 		blk = blkmap(&sblock, blksfree, fragno);
529 		ffs_fragacct(&sblock, blk, cgp->cg_frsum, 1);
530 		for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
531 			if (isset(blksfree, fragno + i))
532 				cgp->cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
533 	}
534 	/*
535 	 * Update the superblock cg summary from our now correct values
536 	 * before writing the block.
537 	 */
538 	sblock.fs_cs(&sblock, cgp->cg_cgx) = cgp->cg_cs;
539 }
540 
541 void
542 rwerror(const char *mesg, ufs2_daddr_t blk)
543 {
544 
545 	if (bkgrdcheck)
546 		exit(EEXIT);
547 	if (preen == 0)
548 		printf("\n");
549 	pfatal("CANNOT %s: %ld", mesg, (long)blk);
550 	if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0)
551 		exit(EEXIT);
552 }
553 
554 void
555 ckfini(int markclean)
556 {
557 	struct bufarea *bp, *nbp;
558 	struct inoinfo *inp, *ninp;
559 	int ofsmodified, cnt, cg, i;
560 
561 	if (bkgrdflag) {
562 		unlink(snapname);
563 		if ((!(sblock.fs_flags & FS_UNCLEAN)) != markclean) {
564 			cmd.value = FS_UNCLEAN;
565 			cmd.size = markclean ? -1 : 1;
566 			if (sysctlbyname("vfs.ffs.setflags", 0, 0,
567 			    &cmd, sizeof cmd) == -1)
568 				pwarn("CANNOT SET FILE SYSTEM DIRTY FLAG\n");
569 			if (!preen) {
570 				printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM MARKED %s *****\n",
571 				    markclean ? "CLEAN" : "DIRTY");
572 				if (!markclean)
573 					rerun = 1;
574 			}
575 		} else if (!preen && !markclean) {
576 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM STILL DIRTY *****\n");
577 			rerun = 1;
578 		}
579 		bkgrdflag = 0;
580 	}
581 	if (debug && cachelookups > 0)
582 		printf("cache with %d buffers missed %d of %d (%d%%)\n",
583 		    numbufs, cachereads, cachelookups,
584 		    (int)(cachereads * 100 / cachelookups));
585 	if (fswritefd < 0) {
586 		(void)close(fsreadfd);
587 		return;
588 	}
589 	/*
590 	 * To remain idempotent with partial truncations the buffers
591 	 * must be flushed in this order:
592 	 *  1) cylinder groups (bitmaps)
593 	 *  2) indirect, directory, external attribute, and data blocks
594 	 *  3) inode blocks
595 	 *  4) superblock
596 	 * This ordering preserves access to the modified pointers
597 	 * until they are freed.
598 	 */
599 	/* Step 1: cylinder groups */
600 	if (debug)
601 		printf("Flush Cylinder groups\n");
602 	if (cgbufs != NULL) {
603 		for (cnt = 0; cnt < sblock.fs_ncg; cnt++) {
604 			if (cgbufs[cnt].b_un.b_cg == NULL)
605 				continue;
606 			flush(fswritefd, &cgbufs[cnt]);
607 			free(cgbufs[cnt].b_un.b_cg);
608 		}
609 		free(cgbufs);
610 		cgbufs = NULL;
611 	}
612 	flush(fswritefd, &cgblk);
613 	free(cgblk.b_un.b_buf);
614 	cgblk.b_un.b_buf = NULL;
615 	cnt = 0;
616 	/* Step 2: indirect, directory, external attribute, and data blocks */
617 	if (debug)
618 		printf("Flush indirect, directory, external attribute, "
619 		    "and data blocks\n");
620 	if (pdirbp != NULL) {
621 		brelse(pdirbp);
622 		pdirbp = NULL;
623 	}
624 	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(bp, &bufqueuehd, bufqueue, b_list, nbp) {
625 		switch (bp->b_type) {
626 		/* These should not be in the buffer cache list */
627 		case BT_UNKNOWN:
628 		case BT_SUPERBLK:
629 		case BT_CYLGRP:
630 		default:
631 			prtbuf("ckfini: improper buffer type on cache list",bp);
632 			continue;
633 		/* These are the ones to flush in this step */
634 		case BT_EMPTY:
635 			if (bp->b_bno >= 0)
636 				pfatal("Unused BT_EMPTY buffer for block %jd\n",
637 				    (intmax_t)bp->b_bno);
638 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
639 		case BT_LEVEL1:
640 		case BT_LEVEL2:
641 		case BT_LEVEL3:
642 		case BT_EXTATTR:
643 		case BT_DIRDATA:
644 		case BT_DATA:
645 			break;
646 		/* These are the ones to flush in the next step */
647 		case BT_INODES:
648 			continue;
649 		}
650 		if (debug && bp->b_refcnt != 0) {
651 			prtbuf("ckfini: clearing in-use buffer", bp);
652 			pfatal("ckfini: clearing in-use buffer\n");
653 		}
654 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&bufqueuehd, bp, b_list);
655 		cnt++;
656 		flush(fswritefd, bp);
657 		free(bp->b_un.b_buf);
658 		free((char *)bp);
659 	}
660 	/* Step 3: inode blocks */
661 	if (debug)
662 		printf("Flush inode blocks\n");
663 	if (icachebp != NULL) {
664 		brelse(icachebp);
665 		icachebp = NULL;
666 	}
667 	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(bp, &bufqueuehd, bufqueue, b_list, nbp) {
668 		if (debug && bp->b_refcnt != 0) {
669 			prtbuf("ckfini: clearing in-use buffer", bp);
670 			pfatal("ckfini: clearing in-use buffer\n");
671 		}
672 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&bufqueuehd, bp, b_list);
673 		cnt++;
674 		flush(fswritefd, bp);
675 		free(bp->b_un.b_buf);
676 		free((char *)bp);
677 	}
678 	if (numbufs != cnt)
679 		errx(EEXIT, "panic: lost %d buffers", numbufs - cnt);
680 	/* Step 4: superblock */
681 	if (debug)
682 		printf("Flush the superblock\n");
683 	flush(fswritefd, &sblk);
684 	if (havesb && cursnapshot == 0 && sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC &&
685 	    sblk.b_bno != sblock.fs_sblockloc / dev_bsize &&
686 	    !preen && reply("UPDATE STANDARD SUPERBLOCK")) {
687 		/* Change the write destination to standard superblock */
688 		sblock.fs_sblockactualloc = sblock.fs_sblockloc;
689 		sblk.b_bno = sblock.fs_sblockloc / dev_bsize;
690 		sbdirty();
691 		flush(fswritefd, &sblk);
692 	}
693 	if (cursnapshot == 0 && sblock.fs_clean != markclean) {
694 		if ((sblock.fs_clean = markclean) != 0) {
695 			sblock.fs_flags &= ~(FS_UNCLEAN | FS_NEEDSFSCK);
696 			sblock.fs_pendingblocks = 0;
697 			sblock.fs_pendinginodes = 0;
698 		}
699 		sbdirty();
700 		ofsmodified = fsmodified;
701 		flush(fswritefd, &sblk);
702 		fsmodified = ofsmodified;
703 		if (!preen) {
704 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM MARKED %s *****\n",
705 			    markclean ? "CLEAN" : "DIRTY");
706 			if (!markclean)
707 				rerun = 1;
708 		}
709 	} else if (!preen) {
710 		if (markclean) {
711 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM IS CLEAN *****\n");
712 		} else {
713 			printf("\n***** FILE SYSTEM STILL DIRTY *****\n");
714 			rerun = 1;
715 		}
716 	}
717 	/*
718 	 * Free allocated tracking structures.
719 	 */
720 	if (blockmap != NULL)
721 		free(blockmap);
722 	blockmap = NULL;
723 	if (inostathead != NULL) {
724 		for (cg = 0; cg < sblock.fs_ncg; cg++)
725 			if (inostathead[cg].il_stat != NULL)
726 				free((char *)inostathead[cg].il_stat);
727 		free(inostathead);
728 	}
729 	inostathead = NULL;
730 	if (inpsort != NULL)
731 		free(inpsort);
732 	inpsort = NULL;
733 	if (inphead != NULL) {
734 		for (i = 0; i < dirhash; i++) {
735 			for (inp = inphead[i]; inp != NULL; inp = ninp) {
736 				ninp = inp->i_nexthash;
737 				free(inp);
738 			}
739 		}
740 		free(inphead);
741 	}
742 	inphead = NULL;
743 	finalIOstats();
744 	(void)close(fsreadfd);
745 	(void)close(fswritefd);
746 }
747 
748 /*
749  * Print out I/O statistics.
750  */
751 void
752 IOstats(char *what)
753 {
754 	int i;
755 
756 	if (debug == 0)
757 		return;
758 	if (diskreads == 0) {
759 		printf("%s: no I/O\n\n", what);
760 		return;
761 	}
762 	if (startpass.tv_sec == 0)
763 		startpass = startprog;
764 	printf("%s: I/O statistics\n", what);
765 	printIOstats();
766 	totaldiskreads += diskreads;
767 	diskreads = 0;
768 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
769 		timespecadd(&totalreadtime[i], &readtime[i], &totalreadtime[i]);
770 		totalreadcnt[i] += readcnt[i];
771 		readtime[i].tv_sec = readtime[i].tv_nsec = 0;
772 		readcnt[i] = 0;
773 	}
774 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &startpass);
775 }
776 
777 void
778 finalIOstats(void)
779 {
780 	int i;
781 
782 	if (debug == 0)
783 		return;
784 	printf("Final I/O statistics\n");
785 	totaldiskreads += diskreads;
786 	diskreads = totaldiskreads;
787 	startpass = startprog;
788 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
789 		timespecadd(&totalreadtime[i], &readtime[i], &totalreadtime[i]);
790 		totalreadcnt[i] += readcnt[i];
791 		readtime[i] = totalreadtime[i];
792 		readcnt[i] = totalreadcnt[i];
793 	}
794 	printIOstats();
795 }
796 
797 static void printIOstats(void)
798 {
799 	long long msec, totalmsec;
800 	int i;
801 
802 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_PRECISE, &finishpass);
803 	timespecsub(&finishpass, &startpass, &finishpass);
804 	printf("Running time: %jd.%03ld sec\n",
805 		(intmax_t)finishpass.tv_sec, finishpass.tv_nsec / 1000000);
806 	printf("buffer reads by type:\n");
807 	for (totalmsec = 0, i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++)
808 		totalmsec += readtime[i].tv_sec * 1000 +
809 		    readtime[i].tv_nsec / 1000000;
810 	if (totalmsec == 0)
811 		totalmsec = 1;
812 	for (i = 0; i < BT_NUMBUFTYPES; i++) {
813 		if (readcnt[i] == 0)
814 			continue;
815 		msec =
816 		    readtime[i].tv_sec * 1000 + readtime[i].tv_nsec / 1000000;
817 		printf("%21s:%8ld %2ld.%ld%% %4jd.%03ld sec %2lld.%lld%%\n",
818 		    buftype[i], readcnt[i], readcnt[i] * 100 / diskreads,
819 		    (readcnt[i] * 1000 / diskreads) % 10,
820 		    (intmax_t)readtime[i].tv_sec, readtime[i].tv_nsec / 1000000,
821 		    msec * 100 / totalmsec, (msec * 1000 / totalmsec) % 10);
822 	}
823 	printf("\n");
824 }
825 
826 int
827 blread(int fd, char *buf, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
828 {
829 	char *cp;
830 	int i, errs;
831 	off_t offset;
832 
833 	offset = blk;
834 	offset *= dev_bsize;
835 	if (bkgrdflag)
836 		slowio_start();
837 	totalreads++;
838 	diskreads++;
839 	if (pread(fd, buf, (int)size, offset) == size) {
840 		if (bkgrdflag)
841 			slowio_end();
842 		return (0);
843 	}
844 
845 	/*
846 	 * This is handled specially here instead of in rwerror because
847 	 * rwerror is used for all sorts of errors, not just true read/write
848 	 * errors.  It should be refactored and fixed.
849 	 */
850 	if (surrender) {
851 		pfatal("CANNOT READ_BLK: %ld", (long)blk);
852 		errx(EEXIT, "ABORTING DUE TO READ ERRORS");
853 	} else
854 		rwerror("READ BLK", blk);
855 
856 	errs = 0;
857 	memset(buf, 0, (size_t)size);
858 	printf("THE FOLLOWING DISK SECTORS COULD NOT BE READ:");
859 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < size; i += secsize, cp += secsize) {
860 		if (pread(fd, cp, (int)secsize, offset + i) != secsize) {
861 			if (secsize != dev_bsize && dev_bsize != 1)
862 				printf(" %jd (%jd),",
863 				    (intmax_t)(blk * dev_bsize + i) / secsize,
864 				    (intmax_t)blk + i / dev_bsize);
865 			else
866 				printf(" %jd,", (intmax_t)blk + i / dev_bsize);
867 			errs++;
868 		}
869 	}
870 	printf("\n");
871 	if (errs)
872 		resolved = 0;
873 	return (errs);
874 }
875 
876 void
877 blwrite(int fd, char *buf, ufs2_daddr_t blk, ssize_t size)
878 {
879 	int i;
880 	char *cp;
881 	off_t offset;
882 
883 	if (fd < 0)
884 		return;
885 	offset = blk;
886 	offset *= dev_bsize;
887 	if (pwrite(fd, buf, size, offset) == size) {
888 		fsmodified = 1;
889 		return;
890 	}
891 	resolved = 0;
892 	rwerror("WRITE BLK", blk);
893 	printf("THE FOLLOWING SECTORS COULD NOT BE WRITTEN:");
894 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < size; i += dev_bsize, cp += dev_bsize)
895 		if (pwrite(fd, cp, dev_bsize, offset + i) != dev_bsize)
896 			printf(" %jd,", (intmax_t)blk + i / dev_bsize);
897 	printf("\n");
898 	return;
899 }
900 
901 void
902 blerase(int fd, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
903 {
904 	off_t ioarg[2];
905 
906 	if (fd < 0)
907 		return;
908 	ioarg[0] = blk * dev_bsize;
909 	ioarg[1] = size;
910 	ioctl(fd, DIOCGDELETE, ioarg);
911 	/* we don't really care if we succeed or not */
912 	return;
913 }
914 
915 /*
916  * Fill a contiguous region with all-zeroes.  Note ZEROBUFSIZE is by
917  * definition a multiple of dev_bsize.
918  */
919 void
920 blzero(int fd, ufs2_daddr_t blk, long size)
921 {
922 	static char *zero;
923 	off_t offset, len;
924 
925 	if (fd < 0)
926 		return;
927 	if (zero == NULL) {
928 		zero = calloc(ZEROBUFSIZE, 1);
929 		if (zero == NULL)
930 			errx(EEXIT, "cannot allocate buffer pool");
931 	}
932 	offset = blk * dev_bsize;
933 	if (lseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
934 		rwerror("SEEK BLK", blk);
935 	while (size > 0) {
936 		len = MIN(ZEROBUFSIZE, size);
937 		if (write(fd, zero, len) != len)
938 			rwerror("WRITE BLK", blk);
939 		blk += len / dev_bsize;
940 		size -= len;
941 	}
942 }
943 
944 /*
945  * Verify cylinder group's magic number and other parameters.  If the
946  * test fails, offer an option to rebuild the whole cylinder group.
947  */
948 int
949 check_cgmagic(int cg, struct bufarea *cgbp, int request_rebuild)
950 {
951 	struct cg *cgp = cgbp->b_un.b_cg;
952 	uint32_t cghash, calchash;
953 	static int prevfailcg = -1;
954 
955 	/*
956 	 * Extended cylinder group checks.
957 	 */
958 	calchash = cgp->cg_ckhash;
959 	if ((sblock.fs_metackhash & CK_CYLGRP) != 0 &&
960 	    (ckhashadd & CK_CYLGRP) == 0) {
961 		cghash = cgp->cg_ckhash;
962 		cgp->cg_ckhash = 0;
963 		calchash = calculate_crc32c(~0L, (void *)cgp, sblock.fs_cgsize);
964 		cgp->cg_ckhash = cghash;
965 	}
966 	if (cgp->cg_ckhash == calchash &&
967 	    cg_chkmagic(cgp) &&
968 	    cgp->cg_cgx == cg &&
969 	    ((sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC &&
970 	      cgp->cg_old_niblk == sblock.fs_ipg &&
971 	      cgp->cg_ndblk <= sblock.fs_fpg &&
972 	      cgp->cg_old_ncyl <= sblock.fs_old_cpg) ||
973 	     (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC &&
974 	      cgp->cg_niblk == sblock.fs_ipg &&
975 	      cgp->cg_ndblk <= sblock.fs_fpg &&
976 	      cgp->cg_initediblk <= sblock.fs_ipg))) {
977 		return (1);
978 	}
979 	if (prevfailcg == cg)
980 		return (0);
981 	prevfailcg = cg;
982 	pfatal("CYLINDER GROUP %d: INTEGRITY CHECK FAILED", cg);
983 	if (!request_rebuild) {
984 		printf("\n");
985 		return (0);
986 	}
987 	if (!reply("REBUILD CYLINDER GROUP")) {
988 		printf("YOU WILL NEED TO RERUN FSCK.\n");
989 		rerun = 1;
990 		return (1);
991 	}
992 	/*
993 	 * Zero out the cylinder group and then initialize critical fields.
994 	 * Bit maps and summaries will be recalculated by later passes.
995 	 */
996 	memset(cgp, 0, (size_t)sblock.fs_cgsize);
997 	cgp->cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
998 	cgp->cg_cgx = cg;
999 	cgp->cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
1000 	cgp->cg_initediblk = MIN(sblock.fs_ipg, 2 * INOPB(&sblock));
1001 	if (cgbase(&sblock, cg) + sblock.fs_fpg < sblock.fs_size)
1002 		cgp->cg_ndblk = sblock.fs_fpg;
1003 	else
1004 		cgp->cg_ndblk = sblock.fs_size - cgbase(&sblock, cg);
1005 	cgp->cg_iusedoff = &cgp->cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&cgp->cg_firstfield);
1006 	if (sblock.fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC) {
1007 		cgp->cg_niblk = 0;
1008 		cgp->cg_initediblk = 0;
1009 		cgp->cg_old_ncyl = sblock.fs_old_cpg;
1010 		cgp->cg_old_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
1011 		cgp->cg_old_btotoff = cgp->cg_iusedoff;
1012 		cgp->cg_old_boff = cgp->cg_old_btotoff +
1013 		    sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
1014 		cgp->cg_iusedoff = cgp->cg_old_boff +
1015 		    sblock.fs_old_cpg * sizeof(u_int16_t);
1016 	}
1017 	cgp->cg_freeoff = cgp->cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, CHAR_BIT);
1018 	cgp->cg_nextfreeoff = cgp->cg_freeoff + howmany(sblock.fs_fpg,CHAR_BIT);
1019 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
1020 		cgp->cg_nclusterblks = cgp->cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
1021 		cgp->cg_clustersumoff =
1022 		    roundup(cgp->cg_nextfreeoff, sizeof(u_int32_t));
1023 		cgp->cg_clustersumoff -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
1024 		cgp->cg_clusteroff = cgp->cg_clustersumoff +
1025 		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(u_int32_t);
1026 		cgp->cg_nextfreeoff = cgp->cg_clusteroff +
1027 		    howmany(fragstoblks(&sblock, sblock.fs_fpg), CHAR_BIT);
1028 	}
1029 	cgdirty(cgbp);
1030 	return (0);
1031 }
1032 
1033 /*
1034  * allocate a data block with the specified number of fragments
1035  */
1036 ufs2_daddr_t
1037 allocblk(long frags)
1038 {
1039 	int i, j, k, cg, baseblk;
1040 	struct bufarea *cgbp;
1041 	struct cg *cgp;
1042 
1043 	if (frags <= 0 || frags > sblock.fs_frag)
1044 		return (0);
1045 	for (i = 0; i < maxfsblock - sblock.fs_frag; i += sblock.fs_frag) {
1046 		for (j = 0; j <= sblock.fs_frag - frags; j++) {
1047 			if (testbmap(i + j))
1048 				continue;
1049 			for (k = 1; k < frags; k++)
1050 				if (testbmap(i + j + k))
1051 					break;
1052 			if (k < frags) {
1053 				j += k;
1054 				continue;
1055 			}
1056 			cg = dtog(&sblock, i + j);
1057 			cgbp = cglookup(cg);
1058 			cgp = cgbp->b_un.b_cg;
1059 			if (!check_cgmagic(cg, cgbp, 0)) {
1060 				i = (cg + 1) * sblock.fs_fpg - sblock.fs_frag;
1061 				continue;
1062 			}
1063 			baseblk = dtogd(&sblock, i + j);
1064 			for (k = 0; k < frags; k++) {
1065 				setbmap(i + j + k);
1066 				clrbit(cg_blksfree(cgp), baseblk + k);
1067 			}
1068 			n_blks += frags;
1069 			if (frags == sblock.fs_frag)
1070 				cgp->cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
1071 			else
1072 				cgp->cg_cs.cs_nffree -= frags;
1073 			cgdirty(cgbp);
1074 			return (i + j);
1075 		}
1076 	}
1077 	return (0);
1078 }
1079 
1080 /*
1081  * Slow down IO so as to leave some disk bandwidth for other processes
1082  */
1083 void
1084 slowio_start()
1085 {
1086 
1087 	/* Delay one in every 8 operations */
1088 	slowio_pollcnt = (slowio_pollcnt + 1) & 7;
1089 	if (slowio_pollcnt == 0) {
1090 		gettimeofday(&slowio_starttime, NULL);
1091 	}
1092 }
1093 
1094 void
1095 slowio_end()
1096 {
1097 	struct timeval tv;
1098 	int delay_usec;
1099 
1100 	if (slowio_pollcnt != 0)
1101 		return;
1102 
1103 	/* Update the slowdown interval. */
1104 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1105 	delay_usec = (tv.tv_sec - slowio_starttime.tv_sec) * 1000000 +
1106 	    (tv.tv_usec - slowio_starttime.tv_usec);
1107 	if (delay_usec < 64)
1108 		delay_usec = 64;
1109 	if (delay_usec > 2500000)
1110 		delay_usec = 2500000;
1111 	slowio_delay_usec = (slowio_delay_usec * 63 + delay_usec) >> 6;
1112 	/* delay by 8 times the average IO delay */
1113 	if (slowio_delay_usec > 64)
1114 		usleep(slowio_delay_usec * 8);
1115 }
1116 
1117 /*
1118  * Find a pathname
1119  */
1120 void
1121 getpathname(char *namebuf, ino_t curdir, ino_t ino)
1122 {
1123 	int len;
1124 	char *cp;
1125 	struct inode ip;
1126 	struct inodesc idesc;
1127 	static int busy = 0;
1128 
1129 	if (curdir == ino && ino == UFS_ROOTINO) {
1130 		(void)strcpy(namebuf, "/");
1131 		return;
1132 	}
1133 	if (busy || !INO_IS_DVALID(curdir)) {
1134 		(void)strcpy(namebuf, "?");
1135 		return;
1136 	}
1137 	busy = 1;
1138 	memset(&idesc, 0, sizeof(struct inodesc));
1139 	idesc.id_type = DATA;
1140 	idesc.id_fix = IGNORE;
1141 	cp = &namebuf[MAXPATHLEN - 1];
1142 	*cp = '\0';
1143 	if (curdir != ino) {
1144 		idesc.id_parent = curdir;
1145 		goto namelookup;
1146 	}
1147 	while (ino != UFS_ROOTINO) {
1148 		idesc.id_number = ino;
1149 		idesc.id_func = findino;
1150 		idesc.id_name = strdup("..");
1151 		ginode(ino, &ip);
1152 		if ((ckinode(ip.i_dp, &idesc) & FOUND) == 0) {
1153 			irelse(&ip);
1154 			break;
1155 		}
1156 		irelse(&ip);
1157 	namelookup:
1158 		idesc.id_number = idesc.id_parent;
1159 		idesc.id_parent = ino;
1160 		idesc.id_func = findname;
1161 		idesc.id_name = namebuf;
1162 		ginode(idesc.id_number, &ip);
1163 		if ((ckinode(ip.i_dp, &idesc) & FOUND) == 0) {
1164 			irelse(&ip);
1165 			break;
1166 		}
1167 		irelse(&ip);
1168 		len = strlen(namebuf);
1169 		cp -= len;
1170 		memmove(cp, namebuf, (size_t)len);
1171 		*--cp = '/';
1172 		if (cp < &namebuf[UFS_MAXNAMLEN])
1173 			break;
1174 		ino = idesc.id_number;
1175 	}
1176 	busy = 0;
1177 	if (ino != UFS_ROOTINO)
1178 		*--cp = '?';
1179 	memmove(namebuf, cp, (size_t)(&namebuf[MAXPATHLEN] - cp));
1180 }
1181 
1182 void
1183 catch(int sig __unused)
1184 {
1185 
1186 	ckfini(0);
1187 	exit(12);
1188 }
1189 
1190 /*
1191  * When preening, allow a single quit to signal
1192  * a special exit after file system checks complete
1193  * so that reboot sequence may be interrupted.
1194  */
1195 void
1196 catchquit(int sig __unused)
1197 {
1198 	printf("returning to single-user after file system check\n");
1199 	returntosingle = 1;
1200 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
1201 }
1202 
1203 /*
1204  * determine whether an inode should be fixed.
1205  */
1206 int
1207 dofix(struct inodesc *idesc, const char *msg)
1208 {
1209 
1210 	switch (idesc->id_fix) {
1211 
1212 	case DONTKNOW:
1213 		if (idesc->id_type == DATA)
1214 			direrror(idesc->id_number, msg);
1215 		else
1216 			pwarn("%s", msg);
1217 		if (preen) {
1218 			printf(" (SALVAGED)\n");
1219 			idesc->id_fix = FIX;
1220 			return (ALTERED);
1221 		}
1222 		if (reply("SALVAGE") == 0) {
1223 			idesc->id_fix = NOFIX;
1224 			return (0);
1225 		}
1226 		idesc->id_fix = FIX;
1227 		return (ALTERED);
1228 
1229 	case FIX:
1230 		return (ALTERED);
1231 
1232 	case NOFIX:
1233 	case IGNORE:
1234 		return (0);
1235 
1236 	default:
1237 		errx(EEXIT, "UNKNOWN INODESC FIX MODE %d", idesc->id_fix);
1238 	}
1239 	/* NOTREACHED */
1240 	return (0);
1241 }
1242 
1243 #include <stdarg.h>
1244 
1245 /*
1246  * Print details about a buffer.
1247  */
1248 static void
1249 prtbuf(const char *msg, struct bufarea *bp)
1250 {
1251 
1252 	printf("%s: bp %p, type %s, bno %jd, size %d, refcnt %d, flags %s, "
1253 	    "index %jd\n", msg, bp, BT_BUFTYPE(bp->b_type), (intmax_t) bp->b_bno,
1254 	    bp->b_size, bp->b_refcnt, bp->b_flags & B_DIRTY ? "dirty" : "clean",
1255 	    (intmax_t) bp->b_index);
1256 }
1257 
1258 /*
1259  * An unexpected inconsistency occurred.
1260  * Die if preening or file system is running with soft dependency protocol,
1261  * otherwise just print message and continue.
1262  */
1263 void
1264 pfatal(const char *fmt, ...)
1265 {
1266 	va_list ap;
1267 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1268 	if (!preen) {
1269 		(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
1270 		va_end(ap);
1271 		if (usedsoftdep)
1272 			(void)fprintf(stdout,
1273 			    "\nUNEXPECTED SOFT UPDATE INCONSISTENCY\n");
1274 		/*
1275 		 * Force foreground fsck to clean up inconsistency.
1276 		 */
1277 		if (bkgrdflag) {
1278 			cmd.value = FS_NEEDSFSCK;
1279 			cmd.size = 1;
1280 			if (sysctlbyname("vfs.ffs.setflags", 0, 0,
1281 			    &cmd, sizeof cmd) == -1)
1282 				pwarn("CANNOT SET FS_NEEDSFSCK FLAG\n");
1283 			fprintf(stdout, "CANNOT RUN IN BACKGROUND\n");
1284 			ckfini(0);
1285 			exit(EEXIT);
1286 		}
1287 		return;
1288 	}
1289 	if (cdevname == NULL)
1290 		cdevname = strdup("fsck");
1291 	(void)fprintf(stdout, "%s: ", cdevname);
1292 	(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
1293 	(void)fprintf(stdout,
1294 	    "\n%s: UNEXPECTED%sINCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.\n",
1295 	    cdevname, usedsoftdep ? " SOFT UPDATE " : " ");
1296 	/*
1297 	 * Force foreground fsck to clean up inconsistency.
1298 	 */
1299 	if (bkgrdflag) {
1300 		cmd.value = FS_NEEDSFSCK;
1301 		cmd.size = 1;
1302 		if (sysctlbyname("vfs.ffs.setflags", 0, 0,
1303 		    &cmd, sizeof cmd) == -1)
1304 			pwarn("CANNOT SET FS_NEEDSFSCK FLAG\n");
1305 	}
1306 	ckfini(0);
1307 	exit(EEXIT);
1308 }
1309 
1310 /*
1311  * Pwarn just prints a message when not preening or running soft dependency
1312  * protocol, or a warning (preceded by filename) when preening.
1313  */
1314 void
1315 pwarn(const char *fmt, ...)
1316 {
1317 	va_list ap;
1318 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1319 	if (preen)
1320 		(void)fprintf(stdout, "%s: ", cdevname);
1321 	(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
1322 	va_end(ap);
1323 }
1324 
1325 /*
1326  * Stub for routines from kernel.
1327  */
1328 void
1329 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
1330 {
1331 	va_list ap;
1332 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1333 	pfatal("INTERNAL INCONSISTENCY:");
1334 	(void)vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
1335 	va_end(ap);
1336 	exit(EEXIT);
1337 }
1338