1.\" $NetBSD: fsck.8,v 1.19 1999/03/10 00:08:33 erh Exp $ 2.\" $FreeBSD$ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Christos Zoulas. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas. 17.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 18.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 22.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 23.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 24.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 25.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 26.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 27.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 28.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 29.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.Dd April 25, 2001 32.Dt FSCK 8 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm fsck 36.Nd file system consistency check and interactive repair 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl dvplfyn 40.Op Fl B | F 41.Op Fl l Ar maxparallel 42.Op Fl t Ar fstype 43.Op Fl T Ar fstype : Ns Ar fsoptions 44.Op Ar special | node ... 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48utility invokes file system-specific programs to check 49the special devices listed in the 50.Xr fstab 5 51file or in the command line for consistency. 52.Pp 53It is normally used in the script 54.Pa /etc/rc 55during automatic reboot. 56Traditionally, 57.Nm 58is invoked before the file systems are mounted 59and all checks are done to completion at that time. 60If background checking is available, 61.Nm 62is invoked twice. 63It is first invoked at the traditional time, 64before the file systems are mounted, with the 65.Fl F 66flag to do checking on all the file systems 67that cannot do background checking. 68It is then invoked a second time, 69after the system has completed going multiuser, with the 70.Fl B 71flag to do checking on all the file systems 72that can do background checking. 73Unlike the foreground checking, 74the background checking is started asynchonously 75so that other system activity can proceed 76even on the file systems that are being checked. 77.Pp 78If no file systems are specified, 79.Nm 80reads the table 81.Pa /etc/fstab 82to determine which file systems to check. 83Only partitions in 84.Pa /etc/fstab 85that are mounted 86.Dq rw , 87.Dq rq 88or 89.Dq ro 90and that have non-zero pass number are checked. 91Filesystems with pass number 1 (normally just the root file system) 92are always checked one at a time. 93.Pp 94If not in preen mode, the remaining entries are checked in order of 95increasing pass number one at a time. 96This is needed when interaction with 97.Nm 98is required. 99.Pp 100In preen mode, after pass 1 completes, all remaining file systems are checked, 101in pass number order running one process per disk drive in parallel for each 102pass number in increasing order. 103.Pp 104In other words: In preen mode all pass 1 partitions are checked sequentially. 105Next all pass 2 partitions are checked in parallel, one process per disk drive. 106Next all pass 3 partitions are checked in parallel, one process per disk drive. 107etc. 108.Pp 109The disk drive containing each file system is inferred from the shortest prefix 110of the device name that ends in a digit; the remaining characters are assumed 111to be the partition and slice designators. 112.Pp 113The options are as follows: 114.Bl -tag -width indent 115.It Fl d 116Debugging mode. Just print the commands without executing them. Available 117only if 118.Nm 119is compiled to support it. 120.It Fl f 121Force checking of file systems, even when they are marked clean (for file systems 122that support this). 123.It Fl n 124Causes 125.Nm 126to assume no as the answer to all operator questions, except "CONTINUE?". 127.It Fl p 128Enter preen mode. 129In preen mode, only a restricted class of innocuous 130file system inconsistencies will be corrected. 131If unexpected inconsistencies caused by hardware or 132software failures are encounted, the check program 133will exit with a failure. 134See the manual pages for the individual check programs 135for a list of the sorts of failures that they correct 136when running in preen mode. 137.It Fl F 138Run in foreground mode. 139The check program for each file system is invoked with the 140.Fl F 141flag to determine whether it wishes to run as part of 142the boot up sequence, 143or if it is able to do its job in background after the 144system is up and running. 145A non-zero exit code indicates that it wants to run in foreground 146and the check program is invoked. 147A zero exit code indicates that it is able to run later in background 148and just a deferred message is printed. 149.It Fl B 150Run in background mode. 151The check program for each file system is invoked with the 152.Fl F 153flag to determine whether it wishes to run as part of 154the boot up sequence, 155or if it is able to do its job in background after the 156system is up and running. 157A non-zero exit code indicates that it wanted to run in foreground 158which is assumed to have been done, so the file system is skipped. 159A zero exit code indicates that it is able to run in background 160so the check program is invoked with the 161.Fl B 162flag to indicate that a check on the active file system should be done. 163When running in background mode, 164only one file system at a time will be checked. 165.It Fl t Ar fstype 166Invoke 167.Nm 168only for the comma separated list of file system types. If the 169list starts with 170.Dq no 171then invoke 172.Nm 173for the file system types that are not specified in the list. 174.It Fl v 175Print the commands before executing them. 176.It Fl y 177Causes 178.Nm 179to assume yes 180as the answer to all operator questions. 181.It Fl T Ar fstype : Ns Ar fsoptions 182List of comma separated file system specific options for the specified 183file system type, in the same format as 184.Xr mount 8 . 185.El 186.Sh FILES 187.Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab -compact 188.It Pa /etc/fstab 189file system table 190.El 191.Sh SEE ALSO 192.Xr fstab 5 , 193.Xr fsck_ffs 8 , 194.Xr fsck_msdosfs 8 , 195.Xr mount 8 196