xref: /freebsd/sbin/dump/tape.c (revision 6780ab54325a71e7e70112b11657973edde8655e)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 #if 0
36 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)tape.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
37 #endif
38 static const char rcsid[] =
39   "$FreeBSD$";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/socket.h>
44 #include <sys/time.h>
45 #include <sys/wait.h>
46 #include <sys/stat.h>
47 
48 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
49 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
50 
51 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
52 
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <limits.h>
56 #include <setjmp.h>
57 #include <signal.h>
58 #include <stdio.h>
59 #include <stdlib.h>
60 #include <string.h>
61 #include <unistd.h>
62 
63 #include "dump.h"
64 
65 int	writesize;		/* size of malloc()ed buffer for tape */
66 int64_t	lastspclrec = -1;	/* tape block number of last written header */
67 int	trecno = 0;		/* next record to write in current block */
68 extern	long blocksperfile;	/* number of blocks per output file */
69 long	blocksthisvol;		/* number of blocks on current output file */
70 extern	int ntrec;		/* blocking factor on tape */
71 extern	int cartridge;
72 extern	char *host;
73 char	*nexttape;
74 
75 static	int atomic(ssize_t (*)(), int, char *, int);
76 static	void doslave(int, int);
77 static	void enslave(void);
78 static	void flushtape(void);
79 static	void killall(void);
80 static	void rollforward(void);
81 
82 /*
83  * Concurrent dump mods (Caltech) - disk block reading and tape writing
84  * are exported to several slave processes.  While one slave writes the
85  * tape, the others read disk blocks; they pass control of the tape in
86  * a ring via signals. The parent process traverses the file system and
87  * sends writeheader()'s and lists of daddr's to the slaves via pipes.
88  * The following structure defines the instruction packets sent to slaves.
89  */
90 struct req {
91 	ufs2_daddr_t dblk;
92 	int count;
93 };
94 int reqsiz;
95 
96 #define SLAVES 3		/* 1 slave writing, 1 reading, 1 for slack */
97 struct slave {
98 	int64_t tapea;		/* header number at start of this chunk */
99 	int64_t firstrec;	/* record number of this block */
100 	int count;		/* count to next header (used for TS_TAPE */
101 				/* after EOT) */
102 	int inode;		/* inode that we are currently dealing with */
103 	int fd;			/* FD for this slave */
104 	int pid;		/* PID for this slave */
105 	int sent;		/* 1 == we've sent this slave requests */
106 	char (*tblock)[TP_BSIZE]; /* buffer for data blocks */
107 	struct req *req;	/* buffer for requests */
108 } slaves[SLAVES+1];
109 struct slave *slp;
110 
111 char	(*nextblock)[TP_BSIZE];
112 
113 int master;		/* pid of master, for sending error signals */
114 int tenths;		/* length of tape used per block written */
115 static int caught;	/* have we caught the signal to proceed? */
116 static int ready;	/* have we reached the lock point without having */
117 			/* received the SIGUSR2 signal from the prev slave? */
118 static jmp_buf jmpbuf;	/* where to jump to if we are ready when the */
119 			/* SIGUSR2 arrives from the previous slave */
120 
121 int
122 alloctape(void)
123 {
124 	int pgoff = getpagesize() - 1;
125 	char *buf;
126 	int i;
127 
128 	writesize = ntrec * TP_BSIZE;
129 	reqsiz = (ntrec + 1) * sizeof(struct req);
130 	/*
131 	 * CDC 92181's and 92185's make 0.8" gaps in 1600-bpi start/stop mode
132 	 * (see DEC TU80 User's Guide).  The shorter gaps of 6250-bpi require
133 	 * repositioning after stopping, i.e, streaming mode, where the gap is
134 	 * variable, 0.30" to 0.45".  The gap is maximal when the tape stops.
135 	 */
136 	if (blocksperfile == 0 && !unlimited)
137 		tenths = writesize / density +
138 		    (cartridge ? 16 : density == 625 ? 5 : 8);
139 	/*
140 	 * Allocate tape buffer contiguous with the array of instruction
141 	 * packets, so flushtape() can write them together with one write().
142 	 * Align tape buffer on page boundary to speed up tape write().
143 	 */
144 	for (i = 0; i <= SLAVES; i++) {
145 		buf = (char *)
146 		    malloc((unsigned)(reqsiz + writesize + pgoff + TP_BSIZE));
147 		if (buf == NULL)
148 			return(0);
149 		slaves[i].tblock = (char (*)[TP_BSIZE])
150 		    (((long)&buf[ntrec + 1] + pgoff) &~ pgoff);
151 		slaves[i].req = (struct req *)slaves[i].tblock - ntrec - 1;
152 	}
153 	slp = &slaves[0];
154 	slp->count = 1;
155 	slp->tapea = 0;
156 	slp->firstrec = 0;
157 	nextblock = slp->tblock;
158 	return(1);
159 }
160 
161 void
162 writerec(char *dp, int isspcl)
163 {
164 
165 	slp->req[trecno].dblk = (ufs2_daddr_t)0;
166 	slp->req[trecno].count = 1;
167 	/* Can't do a structure assignment due to alignment problems */
168 	bcopy(dp, *(nextblock)++, sizeof (union u_spcl));
169 	if (isspcl)
170 		lastspclrec = spcl.c_tapea;
171 	trecno++;
172 	spcl.c_tapea++;
173 	if (trecno >= ntrec)
174 		flushtape();
175 }
176 
177 void
178 dumpblock(ufs2_daddr_t blkno, int size)
179 {
180 	int avail, tpblks;
181 	ufs2_daddr_t dblkno;
182 
183 	dblkno = fsbtodb(sblock, blkno);
184 	tpblks = size >> tp_bshift;
185 	while ((avail = MIN(tpblks, ntrec - trecno)) > 0) {
186 		slp->req[trecno].dblk = dblkno;
187 		slp->req[trecno].count = avail;
188 		trecno += avail;
189 		spcl.c_tapea += avail;
190 		if (trecno >= ntrec)
191 			flushtape();
192 		dblkno += avail << (tp_bshift - dev_bshift);
193 		tpblks -= avail;
194 	}
195 }
196 
197 int	nogripe = 0;
198 
199 void
200 tperror(int signo __unused)
201 {
202 
203 	if (pipeout) {
204 		msg("write error on %s\n", tape);
205 		quit("Cannot recover\n");
206 		/* NOTREACHED */
207 	}
208 	msg("write error %ld blocks into volume %d\n", blocksthisvol, tapeno);
209 	broadcast("DUMP WRITE ERROR!\n");
210 	if (!query("Do you want to restart?"))
211 		dumpabort(0);
212 	msg("Closing this volume.  Prepare to restart with new media;\n");
213 	msg("this dump volume will be rewritten.\n");
214 	killall();
215 	nogripe = 1;
216 	close_rewind();
217 	Exit(X_REWRITE);
218 }
219 
220 void
221 sigpipe(int signo __unused)
222 {
223 
224 	quit("Broken pipe\n");
225 }
226 
227 static void
228 flushtape(void)
229 {
230 	int i, blks, got;
231 	int64_t lastfirstrec;
232 
233 	int siz = (char *)nextblock - (char *)slp->req;
234 
235 	slp->req[trecno].count = 0;			/* Sentinel */
236 
237 	if (atomic(write, slp->fd, (char *)slp->req, siz) != siz)
238 		quit("error writing command pipe: %s\n", strerror(errno));
239 	slp->sent = 1; /* we sent a request, read the response later */
240 
241 	lastfirstrec = slp->firstrec;
242 
243 	if (++slp >= &slaves[SLAVES])
244 		slp = &slaves[0];
245 
246 	/* Read results back from next slave */
247 	if (slp->sent) {
248 		if (atomic(read, slp->fd, (char *)&got, sizeof got)
249 		    != sizeof got) {
250 			perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
251 			dumpabort(0);
252 		}
253 		slp->sent = 0;
254 
255 		/* Check for end of tape */
256 		if (got < writesize) {
257 			msg("End of tape detected\n");
258 
259 			/*
260 			 * Drain the results, don't care what the values were.
261 			 * If we read them here then trewind won't...
262 			 */
263 			for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++) {
264 				if (slaves[i].sent) {
265 					if (atomic(read, slaves[i].fd,
266 					    (char *)&got, sizeof got)
267 					    != sizeof got) {
268 						perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
269 						dumpabort(0);
270 					}
271 					slaves[i].sent = 0;
272 				}
273 			}
274 
275 			close_rewind();
276 			rollforward();
277 			return;
278 		}
279 	}
280 
281 	blks = 0;
282 	if (spcl.c_type != TS_END) {
283 		for (i = 0; i < spcl.c_count; i++)
284 			if (spcl.c_addr[i] != 0)
285 				blks++;
286 	}
287 	slp->count = lastspclrec + blks + 1 - spcl.c_tapea;
288 	slp->tapea = spcl.c_tapea;
289 	slp->firstrec = lastfirstrec + ntrec;
290 	slp->inode = curino;
291 	nextblock = slp->tblock;
292 	trecno = 0;
293 	asize += tenths;
294 	blockswritten += ntrec;
295 	blocksthisvol += ntrec;
296 	if (!pipeout && !unlimited && (blocksperfile ?
297 	    (blocksthisvol >= blocksperfile) : (asize > tsize))) {
298 		close_rewind();
299 		startnewtape(0);
300 	}
301 	timeest();
302 }
303 
304 void
305 trewind(void)
306 {
307 	struct stat sb;
308 	int f;
309 	int got;
310 
311 	for (f = 0; f < SLAVES; f++) {
312 		/*
313 		 * Drain the results, but unlike EOT we DO (or should) care
314 		 * what the return values were, since if we detect EOT after
315 		 * we think we've written the last blocks to the tape anyway,
316 		 * we have to replay those blocks with rollforward.
317 		 *
318 		 * fixme: punt for now.
319 		 */
320 		if (slaves[f].sent) {
321 			if (atomic(read, slaves[f].fd, (char *)&got, sizeof got)
322 			    != sizeof got) {
323 				perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
324 				dumpabort(0);
325 			}
326 			slaves[f].sent = 0;
327 			if (got != writesize) {
328 				msg("EOT detected in last 2 tape records!\n");
329 				msg("Use a longer tape, decrease the size estimate\n");
330 				quit("or use no size estimate at all.\n");
331 			}
332 		}
333 		(void) close(slaves[f].fd);
334 	}
335 	while (wait((int *)NULL) >= 0)	/* wait for any signals from slaves */
336 		/* void */;
337 
338 	if (pipeout)
339 		return;
340 
341 	msg("Closing %s\n", tape);
342 
343 #ifdef RDUMP
344 	if (host) {
345 		rmtclose();
346 		while (rmtopen(tape, 0) < 0)
347 			sleep(10);
348 		rmtclose();
349 		return;
350 	}
351 #endif
352 	if (fstat(tapefd, &sb) == 0 && S_ISFIFO(sb.st_mode)) {
353 		(void)close(tapefd);
354 		return;
355 	}
356 	(void) close(tapefd);
357 	while ((f = open(tape, 0)) < 0)
358 		sleep (10);
359 	(void) close(f);
360 }
361 
362 void
363 close_rewind()
364 {
365 	time_t tstart_changevol, tend_changevol;
366 
367 	trewind();
368 	if (nexttape)
369 		return;
370 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_changevol));
371 	if (!nogripe) {
372 		msg("Change Volumes: Mount volume #%d\n", tapeno+1);
373 		broadcast("CHANGE DUMP VOLUMES!\a\a\n");
374 	}
375 	while (!query("Is the new volume mounted and ready to go?"))
376 		if (query("Do you want to abort?")) {
377 			dumpabort(0);
378 			/*NOTREACHED*/
379 		}
380 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tend_changevol));
381 	if ((tstart_changevol != (time_t)-1) && (tend_changevol != (time_t)-1))
382 		tstart_writing += (tend_changevol - tstart_changevol);
383 }
384 
385 void
386 rollforward(void)
387 {
388 	struct req *p, *q, *prev;
389 	struct slave *tslp;
390 	int i, size, got;
391 	int64_t savedtapea;
392 	union u_spcl *ntb, *otb;
393 	tslp = &slaves[SLAVES];
394 	ntb = (union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock[1];
395 
396 	/*
397 	 * Each of the N slaves should have requests that need to
398 	 * be replayed on the next tape.  Use the extra slave buffers
399 	 * (slaves[SLAVES]) to construct request lists to be sent to
400 	 * each slave in turn.
401 	 */
402 	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++) {
403 		q = &tslp->req[1];
404 		otb = (union u_spcl *)slp->tblock;
405 
406 		/*
407 		 * For each request in the current slave, copy it to tslp.
408 		 */
409 
410 		prev = NULL;
411 		for (p = slp->req; p->count > 0; p += p->count) {
412 			*q = *p;
413 			if (p->dblk == 0)
414 				*ntb++ = *otb++; /* copy the datablock also */
415 			prev = q;
416 			q += q->count;
417 		}
418 		if (prev == NULL)
419 			quit("rollforward: protocol botch");
420 		if (prev->dblk != 0)
421 			prev->count -= 1;
422 		else
423 			ntb--;
424 		q -= 1;
425 		q->count = 0;
426 		q = &tslp->req[0];
427 		if (i == 0) {
428 			q->dblk = 0;
429 			q->count = 1;
430 			trecno = 0;
431 			nextblock = tslp->tblock;
432 			savedtapea = spcl.c_tapea;
433 			spcl.c_tapea = slp->tapea;
434 			startnewtape(0);
435 			spcl.c_tapea = savedtapea;
436 			lastspclrec = savedtapea - 1;
437 		}
438 		size = (char *)ntb - (char *)q;
439 		if (atomic(write, slp->fd, (char *)q, size) != size) {
440 			perror("  DUMP: error writing command pipe");
441 			dumpabort(0);
442 		}
443 		slp->sent = 1;
444 		if (++slp >= &slaves[SLAVES])
445 			slp = &slaves[0];
446 
447 		q->count = 1;
448 
449 		if (prev->dblk != 0) {
450 			/*
451 			 * If the last one was a disk block, make the
452 			 * first of this one be the last bit of that disk
453 			 * block...
454 			 */
455 			q->dblk = prev->dblk +
456 				prev->count * (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE);
457 			ntb = (union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock;
458 		} else {
459 			/*
460 			 * It wasn't a disk block.  Copy the data to its
461 			 * new location in the buffer.
462 			 */
463 			q->dblk = 0;
464 			*((union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock) = *ntb;
465 			ntb = (union u_spcl *)tslp->tblock[1];
466 		}
467 	}
468 	slp->req[0] = *q;
469 	nextblock = slp->tblock;
470 	if (q->dblk == 0)
471 		nextblock++;
472 	trecno = 1;
473 
474 	/*
475 	 * Clear the first slaves' response.  One hopes that it
476 	 * worked ok, otherwise the tape is much too short!
477 	 */
478 	if (slp->sent) {
479 		if (atomic(read, slp->fd, (char *)&got, sizeof got)
480 		    != sizeof got) {
481 			perror("  DUMP: error reading command pipe in master");
482 			dumpabort(0);
483 		}
484 		slp->sent = 0;
485 
486 		if (got != writesize) {
487 			quit("EOT detected at start of the tape!\n");
488 		}
489 	}
490 }
491 
492 /*
493  * We implement taking and restoring checkpoints on the tape level.
494  * When each tape is opened, a new process is created by forking; this
495  * saves all of the necessary context in the parent.  The child
496  * continues the dump; the parent waits around, saving the context.
497  * If the child returns X_REWRITE, then it had problems writing that tape;
498  * this causes the parent to fork again, duplicating the context, and
499  * everything continues as if nothing had happened.
500  */
501 void
502 startnewtape(int top)
503 {
504 	int	parentpid;
505 	int	childpid;
506 	int	status;
507 	int	waitpid;
508 	char	*p;
509 	sig_t	interrupt_save;
510 
511 	interrupt_save = signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
512 	parentpid = getpid();
513 
514 restore_check_point:
515 	(void)signal(SIGINT, interrupt_save);
516 	/*
517 	 *	All signals are inherited...
518 	 */
519 	setproctitle(NULL);	/* Restore the proctitle. */
520 	childpid = fork();
521 	if (childpid < 0) {
522 		msg("Context save fork fails in parent %d\n", parentpid);
523 		Exit(X_ABORT);
524 	}
525 	if (childpid != 0) {
526 		/*
527 		 *	PARENT:
528 		 *	save the context by waiting
529 		 *	until the child doing all of the work returns.
530 		 *	don't catch the interrupt
531 		 */
532 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
533 #ifdef TDEBUG
534 		msg("Tape: %d; parent process: %d child process %d\n",
535 			tapeno+1, parentpid, childpid);
536 #endif /* TDEBUG */
537 		while ((waitpid = wait(&status)) != childpid)
538 			msg("Parent %d waiting for child %d has another child %d return\n",
539 				parentpid, childpid, waitpid);
540 		if (status & 0xFF) {
541 			msg("Child %d returns LOB status %o\n",
542 				childpid, status&0xFF);
543 		}
544 		status = (status >> 8) & 0xFF;
545 #ifdef TDEBUG
546 		switch(status) {
547 			case X_FINOK:
548 				msg("Child %d finishes X_FINOK\n", childpid);
549 				break;
550 			case X_ABORT:
551 				msg("Child %d finishes X_ABORT\n", childpid);
552 				break;
553 			case X_REWRITE:
554 				msg("Child %d finishes X_REWRITE\n", childpid);
555 				break;
556 			default:
557 				msg("Child %d finishes unknown %d\n",
558 					childpid, status);
559 				break;
560 		}
561 #endif /* TDEBUG */
562 		switch(status) {
563 			case X_FINOK:
564 				Exit(X_FINOK);
565 			case X_ABORT:
566 				Exit(X_ABORT);
567 			case X_REWRITE:
568 				goto restore_check_point;
569 			default:
570 				msg("Bad return code from dump: %d\n", status);
571 				Exit(X_ABORT);
572 		}
573 		/*NOTREACHED*/
574 	} else {	/* we are the child; just continue */
575 #ifdef TDEBUG
576 		sleep(4);	/* allow time for parent's message to get out */
577 		msg("Child on Tape %d has parent %d, my pid = %d\n",
578 			tapeno+1, parentpid, getpid());
579 #endif /* TDEBUG */
580 		/*
581 		 * If we have a name like "/dev/rmt0,/dev/rmt1",
582 		 * use the name before the comma first, and save
583 		 * the remaining names for subsequent volumes.
584 		 */
585 		tapeno++;               /* current tape sequence */
586 		if (nexttape || strchr(tape, ',')) {
587 			if (nexttape && *nexttape)
588 				tape = nexttape;
589 			if ((p = strchr(tape, ',')) != NULL) {
590 				*p = '\0';
591 				nexttape = p + 1;
592 			} else
593 				nexttape = NULL;
594 			msg("Dumping volume %d on %s\n", tapeno, tape);
595 		}
596 #ifdef RDUMP
597 		while ((tapefd = (host ? rmtopen(tape, 2) :
598 			pipeout ? 1 : open(tape, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666))) < 0)
599 #else
600 		while ((tapefd = (pipeout ? 1 :
601 				  open(tape, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0666))) < 0)
602 #endif
603 		    {
604 			msg("Cannot open output \"%s\".\n", tape);
605 			if (!query("Do you want to retry the open?"))
606 				dumpabort(0);
607 		}
608 
609 		enslave();  /* Share open tape file descriptor with slaves */
610 		signal(SIGINFO, infosch);
611 
612 		asize = 0;
613 		blocksthisvol = 0;
614 		if (top)
615 			newtape++;		/* new tape signal */
616 		spcl.c_count = slp->count;
617 		/*
618 		 * measure firstrec in TP_BSIZE units since restore doesn't
619 		 * know the correct ntrec value...
620 		 */
621 		spcl.c_firstrec = slp->firstrec;
622 		spcl.c_volume++;
623 		spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
624 		writeheader((ino_t)slp->inode);
625 		if (tapeno > 1)
626 			msg("Volume %d begins with blocks from inode %d\n",
627 				tapeno, slp->inode);
628 	}
629 }
630 
631 void
632 dumpabort(int signo __unused)
633 {
634 
635 	if (master != 0 && master != getpid())
636 		/* Signals master to call dumpabort */
637 		(void) kill(master, SIGTERM);
638 	else {
639 		killall();
640 		msg("The ENTIRE dump is aborted.\n");
641 	}
642 #ifdef RDUMP
643 	rmtclose();
644 #endif
645 	Exit(X_ABORT);
646 }
647 
648 void
649 Exit(status)
650 	int status;
651 {
652 
653 #ifdef TDEBUG
654 	msg("pid = %d exits with status %d\n", getpid(), status);
655 #endif /* TDEBUG */
656 	exit(status);
657 }
658 
659 /*
660  * proceed - handler for SIGUSR2, used to synchronize IO between the slaves.
661  */
662 void
663 proceed(int signo __unused)
664 {
665 
666 	if (ready)
667 		longjmp(jmpbuf, 1);
668 	caught++;
669 }
670 
671 void
672 enslave(void)
673 {
674 	int cmd[2];
675 	int i, j;
676 
677 	master = getpid();
678 
679 	signal(SIGTERM, dumpabort);  /* Slave sends SIGTERM on dumpabort() */
680 	signal(SIGPIPE, sigpipe);
681 	signal(SIGUSR1, tperror);    /* Slave sends SIGUSR1 on tape errors */
682 	signal(SIGUSR2, proceed);    /* Slave sends SIGUSR2 to next slave */
683 
684 	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++) {
685 		if (i == slp - &slaves[0]) {
686 			caught = 1;
687 		} else {
688 			caught = 0;
689 		}
690 
691 		if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, cmd) < 0 ||
692 		    (slaves[i].pid = fork()) < 0)
693 			quit("too many slaves, %d (recompile smaller): %s\n",
694 			    i, strerror(errno));
695 
696 		slaves[i].fd = cmd[1];
697 		slaves[i].sent = 0;
698 		if (slaves[i].pid == 0) { 	    /* Slave starts up here */
699 			for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
700 			        (void) close(slaves[j].fd);
701 			signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);    /* Master handles this */
702 			doslave(cmd[0], i);
703 			Exit(X_FINOK);
704 		}
705 	}
706 
707 	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++)
708 		(void) atomic(write, slaves[i].fd,
709 			      (char *) &slaves[(i + 1) % SLAVES].pid,
710 		              sizeof slaves[0].pid);
711 
712 	master = 0;
713 }
714 
715 void
716 killall(void)
717 {
718 	int i;
719 
720 	for (i = 0; i < SLAVES; i++)
721 		if (slaves[i].pid > 0) {
722 			(void) kill(slaves[i].pid, SIGKILL);
723 			slaves[i].sent = 0;
724 		}
725 }
726 
727 /*
728  * Synchronization - each process has a lockfile, and shares file
729  * descriptors to the following process's lockfile.  When our write
730  * completes, we release our lock on the following process's lock-
731  * file, allowing the following process to lock it and proceed. We
732  * get the lock back for the next cycle by swapping descriptors.
733  */
734 static void
735 doslave(int cmd, int slave_number)
736 {
737 	int nread;
738 	int nextslave, size, wrote, eot_count;
739 
740 	/*
741 	 * Need our own seek pointer.
742 	 */
743 	(void) close(diskfd);
744 	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
745 		quit("slave couldn't reopen disk: %s\n", strerror(errno));
746 
747 	/*
748 	 * Need the pid of the next slave in the loop...
749 	 */
750 	if ((nread = atomic(read, cmd, (char *)&nextslave, sizeof nextslave))
751 	    != sizeof nextslave) {
752 		quit("master/slave protocol botched - didn't get pid of next slave.\n");
753 	}
754 
755 	/*
756 	 * Get list of blocks to dump, read the blocks into tape buffer
757 	 */
758 	while ((nread = atomic(read, cmd, (char *)slp->req, reqsiz)) == reqsiz) {
759 		struct req *p = slp->req;
760 
761 		for (trecno = 0; trecno < ntrec;
762 		     trecno += p->count, p += p->count) {
763 			if (p->dblk) {
764 				bread(p->dblk, slp->tblock[trecno],
765 					p->count * TP_BSIZE);
766 			} else {
767 				if (p->count != 1 || atomic(read, cmd,
768 				    (char *)slp->tblock[trecno],
769 				    TP_BSIZE) != TP_BSIZE)
770 				       quit("master/slave protocol botched.\n");
771 			}
772 		}
773 		if (setjmp(jmpbuf) == 0) {
774 			ready = 1;
775 			if (!caught)
776 				(void) pause();
777 		}
778 		ready = 0;
779 		caught = 0;
780 
781 		/* Try to write the data... */
782 		eot_count = 0;
783 		size = 0;
784 
785 		wrote = 0;
786 		while (eot_count < 10 && size < writesize) {
787 #ifdef RDUMP
788 			if (host)
789 				wrote = rmtwrite(slp->tblock[0]+size,
790 				    writesize-size);
791 			else
792 #endif
793 				wrote = write(tapefd, slp->tblock[0]+size,
794 				    writesize-size);
795 #ifdef WRITEDEBUG
796 			printf("slave %d wrote %d\n", slave_number, wrote);
797 #endif
798 			if (wrote < 0)
799 				break;
800 			if (wrote == 0)
801 				eot_count++;
802 			size += wrote;
803 		}
804 
805 #ifdef WRITEDEBUG
806 		if (size != writesize)
807 		 printf("slave %d only wrote %d out of %d bytes and gave up.\n",
808 		     slave_number, size, writesize);
809 #endif
810 
811 		/*
812 		 * Handle ENOSPC as an EOT condition.
813 		 */
814 		if (wrote < 0 && errno == ENOSPC) {
815 			wrote = 0;
816 			eot_count++;
817 		}
818 
819 		if (eot_count > 0)
820 			size = 0;
821 
822 		if (wrote < 0) {
823 			(void) kill(master, SIGUSR1);
824 			for (;;)
825 				(void) sigpause(0);
826 		} else {
827 			/*
828 			 * pass size of write back to master
829 			 * (for EOT handling)
830 			 */
831 			(void) atomic(write, cmd, (char *)&size, sizeof size);
832 		}
833 
834 		/*
835 		 * If partial write, don't want next slave to go.
836 		 * Also jolts him awake.
837 		 */
838 		(void) kill(nextslave, SIGUSR2);
839 	}
840 	if (nread != 0)
841 		quit("error reading command pipe: %s\n", strerror(errno));
842 }
843 
844 /*
845  * Since a read from a pipe may not return all we asked for,
846  * or a write may not write all we ask if we get a signal,
847  * loop until the count is satisfied (or error).
848  */
849 static int
850 atomic(ssize_t (*func)(), int fd, char *buf, int count)
851 {
852 	int got, need = count;
853 
854 	while ((got = (*func)(fd, buf, need)) > 0 && (need -= got) > 0)
855 		buf += got;
856 	return (got < 0 ? got : count - need);
857 }
858