1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #ifndef lint 35 static const char copyright[] = 36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 38 #endif /* not lint */ 39 40 #ifndef lint 41 #if 0 42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c 8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 43 #endif 44 static const char rcsid[] = 45 "$FreeBSD$"; 46 #endif /* not lint */ 47 48 #include <sys/param.h> 49 #include <sys/stat.h> 50 #include <sys/time.h> 51 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 52 53 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 54 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 55 56 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h> 57 58 #include <ctype.h> 59 #include <err.h> 60 #include <fcntl.h> 61 #include <fstab.h> 62 #include <inttypes.h> 63 #include <signal.h> 64 #include <stdio.h> 65 #include <stdlib.h> 66 #include <string.h> 67 #include <timeconv.h> 68 #include <unistd.h> 69 70 #include "dump.h" 71 #include "pathnames.h" 72 73 int notify = 0; /* notify operator flag */ 74 int blockswritten = 0; /* number of blocks written on current tape */ 75 int tapeno = 0; /* current tape number */ 76 int density = 0; /* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */ 77 int ntrec = NTREC; /* # tape blocks in each tape record */ 78 int cartridge = 0; /* Assume non-cartridge tape */ 79 int dokerberos = 0; /* Use Kerberos authentication */ 80 long dev_bsize = 1; /* recalculated below */ 81 long blocksperfile; /* output blocks per file */ 82 char *host = NULL; /* remote host (if any) */ 83 84 /* 85 * Possible superblock locations ordered from most to least likely. 86 */ 87 static int sblock_try[] = SBLOCKSEARCH; 88 89 static long numarg(const char *, long, long); 90 static void obsolete(int *, char **[]); 91 static void usage(void) __dead2; 92 93 int 94 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 95 { 96 struct stat sb; 97 ino_t ino; 98 int dirty; 99 union dinode *dp; 100 struct fstab *dt; 101 char *map; 102 int ch, mode; 103 int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1; 104 int just_estimate = 0; 105 ino_t maxino; 106 char *tmsg; 107 108 spcl.c_date = _time_to_time64(time(NULL)); 109 110 tsize = 0; /* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */ 111 if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL) 112 tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE; 113 dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES; 114 temp = _PATH_DTMP; 115 if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0) 116 quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n"); 117 level = '0'; 118 119 if (argc < 2) 120 usage(); 121 122 obsolete(&argc, &argv); 123 #ifdef KERBEROS 124 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:kns:ST:uWwD:" 125 #else 126 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:ns:ST:uWwD:" 127 #endif 128 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, optstring)) != -1) 129 #undef optstring 130 switch (ch) { 131 /* dump level */ 132 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': 133 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': 134 level = ch; 135 break; 136 137 case 'a': /* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */ 138 unlimited = 1; 139 break; 140 141 case 'B': /* blocks per output file */ 142 blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file", 143 1L, 0L); 144 break; 145 146 case 'b': /* blocks per tape write */ 147 ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write", 148 1L, 1000L); 149 break; 150 151 case 'c': /* Tape is cart. not 9-track */ 152 cartridge = 1; 153 break; 154 155 case 'd': /* density, in bits per inch */ 156 density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10; 157 if (density >= 625 && !bflag) 158 ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC; 159 break; 160 161 case 'f': /* output file */ 162 tape = optarg; 163 break; 164 165 case 'D': 166 dumpdates = optarg; 167 break; 168 169 case 'h': 170 honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L); 171 break; 172 173 #ifdef KERBEROS 174 case 'k': 175 dokerberos = 1; 176 break; 177 #endif 178 179 case 'n': /* notify operators */ 180 notify = 1; 181 break; 182 183 case 's': /* tape size, feet */ 184 tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10; 185 break; 186 187 case 'S': /* exit after estimating # of tapes */ 188 just_estimate = 1; 189 break; 190 191 case 'T': /* time of last dump */ 192 spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg); 193 if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) { 194 (void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n", 195 optarg); 196 exit(X_STARTUP); 197 } 198 Tflag = 1; 199 lastlevel = '?'; 200 break; 201 202 case 'u': /* update /etc/dumpdates */ 203 uflag = 1; 204 break; 205 206 case 'W': /* what to do */ 207 case 'w': 208 lastdump(ch); 209 exit(X_FINOK); /* do nothing else */ 210 211 default: 212 usage(); 213 } 214 argc -= optind; 215 argv += optind; 216 217 if (argc < 1) { 218 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or file system\n"); 219 exit(X_STARTUP); 220 } 221 disk = *argv++; 222 argc--; 223 if (argc >= 1) { 224 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:"); 225 while (argc--) 226 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++); 227 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n"); 228 exit(X_STARTUP); 229 } 230 if (Tflag && uflag) { 231 (void)fprintf(stderr, 232 "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n"); 233 exit(X_STARTUP); 234 } 235 if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) { 236 pipeout++; 237 tape = "standard output"; 238 } 239 240 if (blocksperfile) 241 blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */ 242 else if (!unlimited) { 243 /* 244 * Determine how to default tape size and density 245 * 246 * density tape size 247 * 9-track 1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1") 2300 ft. 248 * 9-track 6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1") 2300 ft. 249 * cartridge 8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1") 1700 ft. 250 * (450*4 - slop) 251 * hilit19 hits again: " 252 */ 253 if (density == 0) 254 density = cartridge ? 100 : 160; 255 if (tsize == 0) 256 tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L; 257 } 258 259 if (strchr(tape, ':')) { 260 host = tape; 261 tape = strchr(host, ':'); 262 *tape++ = '\0'; 263 #ifdef RDUMP 264 if (index(tape, '\n')) { 265 (void)fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n"); 266 exit(X_STARTUP); 267 } 268 if (rmthost(host) == 0) 269 exit(X_STARTUP); 270 #else 271 (void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n"); 272 exit(X_STARTUP); 273 #endif 274 } 275 (void)setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */ 276 277 if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN) 278 signal(SIGHUP, sig); 279 if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN) 280 signal(SIGTRAP, sig); 281 if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN) 282 signal(SIGFPE, sig); 283 if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN) 284 signal(SIGBUS, sig); 285 if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN) 286 signal(SIGSEGV, sig); 287 if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN) 288 signal(SIGTERM, sig); 289 if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN) 290 signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 291 292 getfstab(); /* /etc/fstab snarfed */ 293 /* 294 * disk can be either the full special file name, 295 * the suffix of the special file name, 296 * the special name missing the leading '/', 297 * the file system name with or without the leading '/'. 298 */ 299 dt = fstabsearch(disk); 300 if (dt != NULL) { 301 disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec); 302 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN); 303 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN); 304 } else { 305 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN); 306 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system", 307 NAMELEN); 308 } 309 spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1]='\0'; 310 spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1]='\0'; 311 (void)strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none"); 312 (void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN); 313 spcl.c_level = level - '0'; 314 spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE; 315 if (!Tflag) 316 getdumptime(); /* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */ 317 318 if (spcl.c_date == 0) { 319 tmsg = "the epoch\n"; 320 } else { 321 time_t t = _time64_to_time(spcl.c_date); 322 tmsg = ctime(&t); 323 } 324 msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level, tmsg); 325 if (spcl.c_ddate == 0) { 326 tmsg = "the epoch\n"; 327 } else { 328 time_t t = _time64_to_time(spcl.c_ddate); 329 tmsg = ctime(&t); 330 } 331 msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel, tmsg); 332 msg("Dumping %s ", disk); 333 if (dt != NULL) 334 msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file); 335 if (host) 336 msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host); 337 else 338 msgtail("to %s\n", tape); 339 340 if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) 341 err(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s", disk); 342 if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0) 343 err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", disk); 344 if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) 345 errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown file system", disk); 346 sync(); 347 sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf; 348 for (i = 0; sblock_try[i] != -1; i++) { 349 bread(sblock_try[i] >> dev_bshift, (char *) sblock, SBLOCKSIZE); 350 if ((sblock->fs_magic == FS_UFS1_MAGIC || 351 (sblock->fs_magic == FS_UFS2_MAGIC && 352 sblock->fs_sblockloc == 353 numfrags(sblock, sblock_try[i]))) && 354 sblock->fs_bsize <= MAXBSIZE && 355 sblock->fs_bsize >= sizeof(struct fs)) 356 break; 357 } 358 if (sblock_try[i] == -1) 359 quit("Cannot find file system superblock\n"); 360 dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1); 361 dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1; 362 if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift)) 363 quit("dev_bsize (%ld) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize); 364 tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1; 365 if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift)) 366 quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE); 367 maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg; 368 mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE); 369 usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char)); 370 dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char)); 371 dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char)); 372 tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1); 373 374 nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel; 375 376 passno = 1; 377 setproctitle("%s: pass 1: regular files", disk); 378 msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n"); 379 anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize); 380 381 passno = 2; 382 setproctitle("%s: pass 2: directories", disk); 383 msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n"); 384 while (anydirskipped) { 385 anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize); 386 } 387 388 if (pipeout || unlimited) { 389 tapesize += 10; /* 10 trailer blocks */ 390 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize); 391 } else { 392 double fetapes; 393 394 if (blocksperfile) 395 fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile; 396 else if (cartridge) { 397 /* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at 398 the end of each block written, and not in mid-block. 399 Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated 400 for with an artificially low tape size. */ 401 fetapes = 402 ( (double) tapesize /* blocks */ 403 * TP_BSIZE /* bytes/block */ 404 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */ 405 + 406 (double) tapesize /* blocks */ 407 * (1.0/ntrec) /* streaming-stops per block */ 408 * 15.48 /* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */ 409 ) * (1.0 / tsize ); /* tape / 0.1" " */ 410 } else { 411 /* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track 412 tape */ 413 int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7; 414 fetapes = 415 ( (double) tapesize /* blocks */ 416 * TP_BSIZE /* bytes / block */ 417 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */ 418 + 419 (double) tapesize /* blocks */ 420 * (1.0/ntrec) /* IRG's / block */ 421 * tenthsperirg /* 0.1" / IRG " */ 422 ) * (1.0 / tsize ); /* tape / 0.1" " */ 423 } 424 etapes = fetapes; /* truncating assignment */ 425 etapes++; 426 /* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */ 427 tapesize += (etapes - 1) * 428 (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1); 429 tapesize += etapes + 10; /* headers + 10 trailer blks */ 430 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n", 431 tapesize, fetapes); 432 } 433 434 /* 435 * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of 436 * tapes, exit now. 437 */ 438 if (just_estimate) 439 exit(0); 440 441 /* 442 * Allocate tape buffer. 443 */ 444 if (!alloctape()) 445 quit( 446 "can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n"); 447 448 startnewtape(1); 449 (void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing)); 450 dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1); 451 452 passno = 3; 453 setproctitle("%s: pass 3: directories", disk); 454 msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n"); 455 dirty = 0; /* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */ 456 for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) { 457 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0) /* map is offset by 1 */ 458 dirty = *map++; 459 else 460 dirty >>= 1; 461 if ((dirty & 1) == 0) 462 continue; 463 /* 464 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated 465 */ 466 dp = getino(ino, &mode); 467 if (mode != IFDIR) 468 continue; 469 (void)dumpino(dp, ino); 470 } 471 472 passno = 4; 473 setproctitle("%s: pass 4: regular files", disk); 474 msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n"); 475 for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) { 476 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0) /* map is offset by 1 */ 477 dirty = *map++; 478 else 479 dirty >>= 1; 480 if ((dirty & 1) == 0) 481 continue; 482 /* 483 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories. 484 */ 485 dp = getino(ino, &mode); 486 if (mode == IFDIR) 487 continue; 488 (void)dumpino(dp, ino); 489 } 490 491 (void)time((time_t *)&(tend_writing)); 492 spcl.c_type = TS_END; 493 for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++) 494 writeheader(maxino - 1); 495 if (pipeout) 496 msg("DUMP: %jd tape blocks\n", (intmax_t)spcl.c_tapea); 497 else 498 msg("DUMP: %jd tape blocks on %d volume%s\n", 499 (intmax_t)spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume, 500 (spcl.c_volume == 1) ? "" : "s"); 501 502 /* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */ 503 if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0) 504 msg("finished in less than a second\n"); 505 else 506 msg("finished in %d seconds, throughput %jd KBytes/sec\n", 507 tend_writing - tstart_writing, (intmax_t)(spcl.c_tapea / 508 (tend_writing - tstart_writing))); 509 510 putdumptime(); 511 trewind(); 512 broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n"); 513 msg("DUMP IS DONE\n"); 514 Exit(X_FINOK); 515 /* NOTREACHED */ 516 } 517 518 static void 519 usage(void) 520 { 521 fprintf(stderr, 522 "usage: dump [-0123456789ac" 523 #ifdef KERBEROS 524 "k" 525 #endif 526 "nSu] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-D dumpdates]\n" 527 " [-d density] [-f file ] [-h level] [-s feet] " 528 "[-T date] file system\n" 529 " dump [-W | -w]\n"); 530 exit(X_STARTUP); 531 } 532 533 /* 534 * Pick up a numeric argument. It must be nonnegative and in the given 535 * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited). 536 */ 537 static long 538 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax) 539 { 540 char *p; 541 long val; 542 543 val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10); 544 if (*p) 545 errx(1, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg); 546 if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax)) 547 errx(1, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax); 548 return (val); 549 } 550 551 void 552 sig(int signo) 553 { 554 switch(signo) { 555 case SIGALRM: 556 case SIGBUS: 557 case SIGFPE: 558 case SIGHUP: 559 case SIGTERM: 560 case SIGTRAP: 561 if (pipeout) 562 quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n"); 563 msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n"); 564 (void)fflush(stderr); 565 (void)fflush(stdout); 566 close_rewind(); 567 exit(X_REWRITE); 568 /* NOTREACHED */ 569 case SIGSEGV: 570 msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n"); 571 (void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL); 572 (void)kill(0, SIGSEGV); 573 /* NOTREACHED */ 574 } 575 } 576 577 char * 578 rawname(char *cp) 579 { 580 static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN]; 581 char *dp; 582 struct stat sb; 583 584 if (stat(cp, &sb) == 0) { 585 /* 586 * If the name already refers to a raw device, return 587 * it immediately without tampering. 588 */ 589 if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) 590 return (cp); 591 } 592 593 dp = strrchr(cp, '/'); 594 595 if (dp == NULL) 596 return (NULL); 597 *dp = '\0'; 598 (void)strlcpy(rawbuf, cp, MAXPATHLEN - 1); 599 *dp = '/'; 600 (void)strlcat(rawbuf, "/r", MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf)); 601 (void)strlcat(rawbuf, dp + 1, MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf)); 602 return (rawbuf); 603 } 604 605 /* 606 * obsolete -- 607 * Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something 608 * getopt(3) will like. 609 */ 610 static void 611 obsolete(int *argcp, char **argvp[]) 612 { 613 int argc, flags; 614 char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p; 615 616 /* Setup. */ 617 argv = *argvp; 618 argc = *argcp; 619 620 /* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */ 621 ap = argv[1]; 622 if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-') 623 return; 624 625 /* Allocate space for new arguments. */ 626 if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL || 627 (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL) 628 err(1, NULL); 629 630 *nargv++ = *argv; 631 argv += 2; 632 633 for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) { 634 switch (*ap) { 635 case 'B': 636 case 'b': 637 case 'd': 638 case 'f': 639 case 'D': 640 case 'h': 641 case 's': 642 case 'T': 643 if (*argv == NULL) { 644 warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap); 645 usage(); 646 } 647 if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL) 648 err(1, NULL); 649 nargv[0][0] = '-'; 650 nargv[0][1] = *ap; 651 (void)strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv); 652 ++argv; 653 ++nargv; 654 break; 655 default: 656 if (!flags) { 657 *p++ = '-'; 658 flags = 1; 659 } 660 *p++ = *ap; 661 break; 662 } 663 } 664 665 /* Terminate flags. */ 666 if (flags) { 667 *p = '\0'; 668 *nargv++ = flagsp; 669 } 670 671 /* Copy remaining arguments. */ 672 while ((*nargv++ = *argv++)); 673 674 /* Update argument count. */ 675 *argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1; 676 } 677