xref: /freebsd/sbin/dump/main.c (revision c17d43407fe04133a94055b0dbc7ea8965654a9f)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 #if 0
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
43 #endif
44 static const char rcsid[] =
45   "$FreeBSD$";
46 #endif /* not lint */
47 
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/time.h>
51 
52 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
53 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
54 
55 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
56 
57 #include <ctype.h>
58 #include <err.h>
59 #include <fcntl.h>
60 #include <fstab.h>
61 #include <signal.h>
62 #include <stdio.h>
63 #include <stdlib.h>
64 #include <string.h>
65 #include <unistd.h>
66 
67 #include "dump.h"
68 #include "pathnames.h"
69 
70 #ifndef SBOFF
71 #define SBOFF (SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE)
72 #endif
73 
74 int	notify = 0;	/* notify operator flag */
75 int	blockswritten = 0;	/* number of blocks written on current tape */
76 int	tapeno = 0;	/* current tape number */
77 int	density = 0;	/* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */
78 int	ntrec = NTREC;	/* # tape blocks in each tape record */
79 int	cartridge = 0;	/* Assume non-cartridge tape */
80 int	dokerberos = 0;	/* Use Kerberos authentication */
81 long	dev_bsize = 1;	/* recalculated below */
82 long	blocksperfile;	/* output blocks per file */
83 char	*host = NULL;	/* remote host (if any) */
84 
85 static long numarg(const char *, long, long);
86 static void obsolete(int *, char **[]);
87 static void usage(void) __dead2;
88 
89 int
90 main(int argc, char *argv[])
91 {
92 	struct stat sb;
93 	ino_t ino;
94 	int dirty;
95 	struct dinode *dp;
96 	struct	fstab *dt;
97 	char *map;
98 	int ch;
99 	int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
100 	int just_estimate = 0;
101 	ino_t maxino;
102 	char *tmsg;
103 	time_t t;
104 
105 	spcl.c_date = _time_to_time32(time(NULL));
106 
107 	tsize = 0;	/* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
108 	if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
109 		tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
110 	dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
111 	temp = _PATH_DTMP;
112 	if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
113 		quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
114 	level = '0';
115 
116 	if (argc < 2)
117 		usage();
118 
119 	obsolete(&argc, &argv);
120 #ifdef KERBEROS
121 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:kns:ST:uWwD:"
122 #else
123 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:ns:ST:uWwD:"
124 #endif
125 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, optstring)) != -1)
126 #undef optstring
127 		switch (ch) {
128 		/* dump level */
129 		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
130 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
131 			level = ch;
132 			break;
133 
134 		case 'a':		/* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
135 			unlimited = 1;
136 			break;
137 
138 		case 'B':		/* blocks per output file */
139 			blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file",
140 			    1L, 0L);
141 			break;
142 
143 		case 'b':		/* blocks per tape write */
144 			ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write",
145 			    1L, 1000L);
146 			break;
147 
148 		case 'c':		/* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
149 			cartridge = 1;
150 			break;
151 
152 		case 'd':		/* density, in bits per inch */
153 			density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
154 			if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
155 				ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
156 			break;
157 
158 		case 'f':		/* output file */
159 			tape = optarg;
160 			break;
161 
162 		case 'D':
163 			dumpdates = optarg;
164 			break;
165 
166 		case 'h':
167 			honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
168 			break;
169 
170 #ifdef KERBEROS
171 		case 'k':
172 			dokerberos = 1;
173 			break;
174 #endif
175 
176 		case 'n':		/* notify operators */
177 			notify = 1;
178 			break;
179 
180 		case 's':		/* tape size, feet */
181 			tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
182 			break;
183 
184 		case 'S':               /* exit after estimating # of tapes */
185 			just_estimate = 1;
186 			break;
187 
188 		case 'T':		/* time of last dump */
189 			spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
190 			if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
191 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n",
192 				    optarg);
193 				exit(X_STARTUP);
194 			}
195 			Tflag = 1;
196 			lastlevel = '?';
197 			break;
198 
199 		case 'u':		/* update /etc/dumpdates */
200 			uflag = 1;
201 			break;
202 
203 		case 'W':		/* what to do */
204 		case 'w':
205 			lastdump(ch);
206 			exit(X_FINOK);	/* do nothing else */
207 
208 		default:
209 			usage();
210 		}
211 	argc -= optind;
212 	argv += optind;
213 
214 	if (argc < 1) {
215 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or filesystem\n");
216 		exit(X_STARTUP);
217 	}
218 	disk = *argv++;
219 	argc--;
220 	if (argc >= 1) {
221 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
222 		while (argc--)
223 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
224 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
225 		exit(X_STARTUP);
226 	}
227 	if (Tflag && uflag) {
228 	        (void)fprintf(stderr,
229 		    "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
230 		exit(X_STARTUP);
231 	}
232 	if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
233 		pipeout++;
234 		tape = "standard output";
235 	}
236 
237 	if (blocksperfile)
238 		blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
239 	else if (!unlimited) {
240 		/*
241 		 * Determine how to default tape size and density
242 		 *
243 		 *         	density				tape size
244 		 * 9-track	1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
245 		 * 9-track	6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
246 		 * cartridge	8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")	1700 ft.
247 		 *						(450*4 - slop)
248 		 * hilit19 hits again: "
249 		 */
250 		if (density == 0)
251 			density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
252 		if (tsize == 0)
253 			tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
254 	}
255 
256 	if (strchr(tape, ':')) {
257 		host = tape;
258 		tape = strchr(host, ':');
259 		*tape++ = '\0';
260 #ifdef RDUMP
261 		if (index(tape, '\n')) {
262 		    (void)fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n");
263 		    exit(X_STARTUP);
264 		}
265 		if (rmthost(host) == 0)
266 			exit(X_STARTUP);
267 #else
268 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
269 		exit(X_STARTUP);
270 #endif
271 	}
272 	(void)setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
273 
274 	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
275 		signal(SIGHUP, sig);
276 	if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
277 		signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
278 	if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
279 		signal(SIGFPE, sig);
280 	if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
281 		signal(SIGBUS, sig);
282 	if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
283 		signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
284 	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
285 		signal(SIGTERM, sig);
286 	if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
287 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
288 
289 	getfstab();		/* /etc/fstab snarfed */
290 	/*
291 	 *	disk can be either the full special file name,
292 	 *	the suffix of the special file name,
293 	 *	the special name missing the leading '/',
294 	 *	the file system name with or without the leading '/'.
295 	 */
296 	dt = fstabsearch(disk);
297 	if (dt != NULL) {
298 		disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
299 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
300 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
301 	} else {
302 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
303 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system",
304 		    NAMELEN);
305 	}
306 	spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
307 	spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
308 	(void)strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none");
309 	(void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
310 	spcl.c_level = level - '0';
311 	spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
312 	if (!Tflag)
313 	        getdumptime();		/* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
314 
315 	if (spcl.c_date == 0) {
316 		tmsg = "the epoch\n";
317 	} else {
318 		time_t t = _time32_to_time(spcl.c_date);
319 		tmsg = ctime(&t);
320 	}
321 	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level, tmsg);
322 	if (spcl.c_ddate == 0) {
323 		tmsg = "the epoch\n";
324 	} else {
325 		time_t t = _time32_to_time(spcl.c_ddate);
326 		tmsg = ctime(&t);
327 	}
328  	msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel, tmsg);
329 	msg("Dumping %s ", disk);
330 	if (dt != NULL)
331 		msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file);
332 	if (host)
333 		msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
334 	else
335 		msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
336 
337 	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
338 		err(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s", disk);
339 	if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0)
340 		err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", disk);
341 	if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
342 		errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown file system", disk);
343 	sync();
344 	sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
345 	bread(SBOFF, (char *) sblock, SBSIZE);
346 	if (sblock->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
347 		quit("bad sblock magic number\n");
348 	dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
349 	dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
350 	if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
351 		quit("dev_bsize (%d) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
352 	tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
353 	if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
354 		quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
355 #ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
356 	if (sblock->fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT)
357 		spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
358 #endif
359 	maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
360 	mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
361 	usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
362 	dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
363 	dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
364 	tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
365 
366 	nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
367 
368 	passno = 1;
369 	setproctitle("%s: pass 1: regular files", disk);
370 	msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
371 	anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
372 
373 	passno = 2;
374 	setproctitle("%s: pass 2: directories", disk);
375 	msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
376 	while (anydirskipped) {
377 		anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
378 	}
379 
380 	if (pipeout || unlimited) {
381 		tapesize += 10;	/* 10 trailer blocks */
382 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
383 	} else {
384 		double fetapes;
385 
386 		if (blocksperfile)
387 			fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
388 		else if (cartridge) {
389 			/* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
390 			   the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
391 			   Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
392 			   for with an artificially low tape size. */
393 			fetapes =
394 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
395 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes/block */
396 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
397 			  +
398 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
399 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* streaming-stops per block */
400 				* 15.48		/* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */
401 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
402 		} else {
403 			/* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
404 			   tape */
405 			int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
406 			fetapes =
407 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
408 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes / block */
409 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
410 			  +
411 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
412 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* IRG's / block */
413 				* tenthsperirg	/* 0.1" / IRG " */
414 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
415 		}
416 		etapes = fetapes;		/* truncating assignment */
417 		etapes++;
418 		/* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
419 		tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
420 			(howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
421 		tapesize += etapes + 10;	/* headers + 10 trailer blks */
422 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
423 		    tapesize, fetapes);
424 	}
425 
426         /*
427          * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
428          * tapes, exit now.
429          */
430         if (just_estimate)
431                 exit(0);
432 
433 	/*
434 	 * Allocate tape buffer.
435 	 */
436 	if (!alloctape())
437 		quit(
438 	"can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
439 
440 	startnewtape(1);
441 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
442 	dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
443 
444 	passno = 3;
445 	setproctitle("%s: pass 3: directories", disk);
446 	msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
447 	dirty = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
448 	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
449 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
450 			dirty = *map++;
451 		else
452 			dirty >>= 1;
453 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
454 			continue;
455 		/*
456 		 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
457 		 */
458 		dp = getino(ino);
459 		if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR)
460 			continue;
461 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
462 	}
463 
464 	passno = 4;
465 	setproctitle("%s: pass 4: regular files", disk);
466 	msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
467 	for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
468 		int mode;
469 
470 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
471 			dirty = *map++;
472 		else
473 			dirty >>= 1;
474 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
475 			continue;
476 		/*
477 		 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
478 		 */
479 		dp = getino(ino);
480 		mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
481 		if (mode == IFDIR)
482 			continue;
483 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
484 	}
485 
486 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tend_writing));
487 	spcl.c_type = TS_END;
488 	for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
489 		writeheader(maxino - 1);
490 	if (pipeout)
491 		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks\n", spcl.c_tapea);
492 	else
493 		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
494 		    spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume,
495 		    (spcl.c_volume == 1) ? "" : "s");
496 
497 	/* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */
498 	if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0)
499 		msg("finished in less than a second\n");
500 	else
501 		msg("finished in %d seconds, throughput %d KBytes/sec\n",
502 		    tend_writing - tstart_writing,
503 		    spcl.c_tapea / (tend_writing - tstart_writing));
504 
505 	putdumptime();
506 	trewind();
507 	broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
508 	msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
509 	Exit(X_FINOK);
510 	/* NOTREACHED */
511 }
512 
513 static void
514 usage(void)
515 {
516 	fprintf(stderr,
517 		"usage: dump [-0123456789ac"
518 #ifdef KERBEROS
519 		"k"
520 #endif
521 		"nSu] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-D dumpdates]\n"
522 		"            [-d density] [-f file ] [-h level] [-s feet] "
523 		"[-T date] filesystem\n"
524 		"       dump [-W | -w]\n");
525 	exit(X_STARTUP);
526 }
527 
528 /*
529  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
530  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
531  */
532 static long
533 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
534 {
535 	char *p;
536 	long val;
537 
538 	val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
539 	if (*p)
540 		errx(1, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
541 	if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
542 		errx(1, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax);
543 	return (val);
544 }
545 
546 void
547 sig(int signo)
548 {
549 	switch(signo) {
550 	case SIGALRM:
551 	case SIGBUS:
552 	case SIGFPE:
553 	case SIGHUP:
554 	case SIGTERM:
555 	case SIGTRAP:
556 		if (pipeout)
557 			quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
558 		msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
559 		(void)fflush(stderr);
560 		(void)fflush(stdout);
561 		close_rewind();
562 		exit(X_REWRITE);
563 		/* NOTREACHED */
564 	case SIGSEGV:
565 		msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
566 		(void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
567 		(void)kill(0, SIGSEGV);
568 		/* NOTREACHED */
569 	}
570 }
571 
572 char *
573 rawname(char *cp)
574 {
575 	static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
576 	char *dp;
577 	struct stat sb;
578 
579 	if (stat(cp, &sb) == 0) {
580 		/*
581 		 * If the name already refers to a raw device, return
582 		 * it immediately without tampering.
583 		 */
584 		if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
585 			return (cp);
586 	}
587 
588 	dp = strrchr(cp, '/');
589 
590 	if (dp == NULL)
591 		return (NULL);
592 	*dp = '\0';
593 	(void)strlcpy(rawbuf, cp, MAXPATHLEN - 1);
594 	*dp = '/';
595 	(void)strlcat(rawbuf, "/r", MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
596 	(void)strlcat(rawbuf, dp + 1, MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
597 	return (rawbuf);
598 }
599 
600 /*
601  * obsolete --
602  *	Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
603  *	getopt(3) will like.
604  */
605 static void
606 obsolete(int *argcp, char **argvp[])
607 {
608 	int argc, flags;
609 	char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
610 
611 	/* Setup. */
612 	argv = *argvp;
613 	argc = *argcp;
614 
615 	/* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
616 	ap = argv[1];
617 	if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
618 		return;
619 
620 	/* Allocate space for new arguments. */
621 	if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL ||
622 	    (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL)
623 		err(1, NULL);
624 
625 	*nargv++ = *argv;
626 	argv += 2;
627 
628 	for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
629 		switch (*ap) {
630 		case 'B':
631 		case 'b':
632 		case 'd':
633 		case 'f':
634 		case 'D':
635 		case 'h':
636 		case 's':
637 		case 'T':
638 			if (*argv == NULL) {
639 				warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
640 				usage();
641 			}
642 			if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL)
643 				err(1, NULL);
644 			nargv[0][0] = '-';
645 			nargv[0][1] = *ap;
646 			(void)strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv);
647 			++argv;
648 			++nargv;
649 			break;
650 		default:
651 			if (!flags) {
652 				*p++ = '-';
653 				flags = 1;
654 			}
655 			*p++ = *ap;
656 			break;
657 		}
658 	}
659 
660 	/* Terminate flags. */
661 	if (flags) {
662 		*p = '\0';
663 		*nargv++ = flagsp;
664 	}
665 
666 	/* Copy remaining arguments. */
667 	while ((*nargv++ = *argv++));
668 
669 	/* Update argument count. */
670 	*argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
671 }
672