xref: /freebsd/sbin/dump/main.c (revision c11e094d96120a2e0e726ed9705ae0ec08db49b6)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 #if 0
42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
43 #endif
44 static const char rcsid[] =
45   "$FreeBSD$";
46 #endif /* not lint */
47 
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/time.h>
51 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
52 
53 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
54 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
55 
56 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
57 
58 #include <ctype.h>
59 #include <err.h>
60 #include <fcntl.h>
61 #include <fstab.h>
62 #include <signal.h>
63 #include <stdio.h>
64 #include <stdlib.h>
65 #include <string.h>
66 #include <unistd.h>
67 
68 #include "dump.h"
69 #include "pathnames.h"
70 
71 #ifndef SBOFF
72 #define SBOFF (SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE)
73 #endif
74 
75 int	notify = 0;	/* notify operator flag */
76 int	blockswritten = 0;	/* number of blocks written on current tape */
77 int	tapeno = 0;	/* current tape number */
78 int	density = 0;	/* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */
79 int	ntrec = NTREC;	/* # tape blocks in each tape record */
80 int	cartridge = 0;	/* Assume non-cartridge tape */
81 int	dokerberos = 0;	/* Use Kerberos authentication */
82 long	dev_bsize = 1;	/* recalculated below */
83 long	blocksperfile;	/* output blocks per file */
84 char	*host = NULL;	/* remote host (if any) */
85 
86 static long numarg(const char *, long, long);
87 static void obsolete(int *, char **[]);
88 static void usage(void) __dead2;
89 
90 int
91 main(int argc, char *argv[])
92 {
93 	struct stat sb;
94 	ino_t ino;
95 	int dirty;
96 	struct dinode *dp;
97 	struct	fstab *dt;
98 	char *map;
99 	int ch;
100 	int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
101 	int just_estimate = 0;
102 	ino_t maxino;
103 	char *tmsg;
104 	time_t t;
105 
106 	spcl.c_date = _time_to_time32(time(NULL));
107 
108 	tsize = 0;	/* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
109 	if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
110 		tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
111 	dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
112 	temp = _PATH_DTMP;
113 	if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
114 		quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
115 	level = '0';
116 
117 	if (argc < 2)
118 		usage();
119 
120 	obsolete(&argc, &argv);
121 #ifdef KERBEROS
122 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:kns:ST:uWwD:"
123 #else
124 #define optstring "0123456789aB:b:cd:f:h:ns:ST:uWwD:"
125 #endif
126 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, optstring)) != -1)
127 #undef optstring
128 		switch (ch) {
129 		/* dump level */
130 		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
131 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
132 			level = ch;
133 			break;
134 
135 		case 'a':		/* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
136 			unlimited = 1;
137 			break;
138 
139 		case 'B':		/* blocks per output file */
140 			blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file",
141 			    1L, 0L);
142 			break;
143 
144 		case 'b':		/* blocks per tape write */
145 			ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write",
146 			    1L, 1000L);
147 			break;
148 
149 		case 'c':		/* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
150 			cartridge = 1;
151 			break;
152 
153 		case 'd':		/* density, in bits per inch */
154 			density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
155 			if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
156 				ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
157 			break;
158 
159 		case 'f':		/* output file */
160 			tape = optarg;
161 			break;
162 
163 		case 'D':
164 			dumpdates = optarg;
165 			break;
166 
167 		case 'h':
168 			honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
169 			break;
170 
171 #ifdef KERBEROS
172 		case 'k':
173 			dokerberos = 1;
174 			break;
175 #endif
176 
177 		case 'n':		/* notify operators */
178 			notify = 1;
179 			break;
180 
181 		case 's':		/* tape size, feet */
182 			tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
183 			break;
184 
185 		case 'S':               /* exit after estimating # of tapes */
186 			just_estimate = 1;
187 			break;
188 
189 		case 'T':		/* time of last dump */
190 			spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
191 			if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
192 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n",
193 				    optarg);
194 				exit(X_STARTUP);
195 			}
196 			Tflag = 1;
197 			lastlevel = '?';
198 			break;
199 
200 		case 'u':		/* update /etc/dumpdates */
201 			uflag = 1;
202 			break;
203 
204 		case 'W':		/* what to do */
205 		case 'w':
206 			lastdump(ch);
207 			exit(X_FINOK);	/* do nothing else */
208 
209 		default:
210 			usage();
211 		}
212 	argc -= optind;
213 	argv += optind;
214 
215 	if (argc < 1) {
216 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or filesystem\n");
217 		exit(X_STARTUP);
218 	}
219 	disk = *argv++;
220 	argc--;
221 	if (argc >= 1) {
222 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
223 		while (argc--)
224 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
225 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
226 		exit(X_STARTUP);
227 	}
228 	if (Tflag && uflag) {
229 	        (void)fprintf(stderr,
230 		    "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
231 		exit(X_STARTUP);
232 	}
233 	if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
234 		pipeout++;
235 		tape = "standard output";
236 	}
237 
238 	if (blocksperfile)
239 		blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
240 	else if (!unlimited) {
241 		/*
242 		 * Determine how to default tape size and density
243 		 *
244 		 *         	density				tape size
245 		 * 9-track	1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
246 		 * 9-track	6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
247 		 * cartridge	8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")	1700 ft.
248 		 *						(450*4 - slop)
249 		 * hilit19 hits again: "
250 		 */
251 		if (density == 0)
252 			density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
253 		if (tsize == 0)
254 			tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
255 	}
256 
257 	if (strchr(tape, ':')) {
258 		host = tape;
259 		tape = strchr(host, ':');
260 		*tape++ = '\0';
261 #ifdef RDUMP
262 		if (index(tape, '\n')) {
263 		    (void)fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n");
264 		    exit(X_STARTUP);
265 		}
266 		if (rmthost(host) == 0)
267 			exit(X_STARTUP);
268 #else
269 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
270 		exit(X_STARTUP);
271 #endif
272 	}
273 	(void)setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
274 
275 	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
276 		signal(SIGHUP, sig);
277 	if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
278 		signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
279 	if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
280 		signal(SIGFPE, sig);
281 	if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
282 		signal(SIGBUS, sig);
283 	if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
284 		signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
285 	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
286 		signal(SIGTERM, sig);
287 	if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
288 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
289 
290 	getfstab();		/* /etc/fstab snarfed */
291 	/*
292 	 *	disk can be either the full special file name,
293 	 *	the suffix of the special file name,
294 	 *	the special name missing the leading '/',
295 	 *	the filesystem name with or without the leading '/'.
296 	 */
297 	dt = fstabsearch(disk);
298 	if (dt != NULL) {
299 		disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
300 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
301 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
302 	} else {
303 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
304 		(void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted filesystem",
305 		    NAMELEN);
306 	}
307 	spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
308 	spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1]='\0';
309 	(void)strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none");
310 	(void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
311 	spcl.c_level = level - '0';
312 	spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
313 	if (!Tflag)
314 	        getdumptime();		/* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
315 
316 	if (spcl.c_date == 0) {
317 		tmsg = "the epoch\n";
318 	} else {
319 		time_t t = _time32_to_time(spcl.c_date);
320 		tmsg = ctime(&t);
321 	}
322 	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level, tmsg);
323 	if (spcl.c_ddate == 0) {
324 		tmsg = "the epoch\n";
325 	} else {
326 		time_t t = _time32_to_time(spcl.c_ddate);
327 		tmsg = ctime(&t);
328 	}
329  	msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel, tmsg);
330 	msg("Dumping %s ", disk);
331 	if (dt != NULL)
332 		msgtail("(%s) ", dt->fs_file);
333 	if (host)
334 		msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
335 	else
336 		msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
337 
338 	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
339 		err(X_STARTUP, "Cannot open %s", disk);
340 	if (fstat(diskfd, &sb) != 0)
341 		err(X_STARTUP, "%s: stat", disk);
342 	if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
343 		errx(X_STARTUP, "%s: unknown filesystem", disk);
344 	sync();
345 	sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
346 	bread(SBOFF, (char *) sblock, SBSIZE);
347 	if (sblock->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
348 		quit("bad sblock magic number\n");
349 	dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
350 	dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
351 	if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
352 		quit("dev_bsize (%d) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
353 	tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
354 	if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
355 		quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
356 #ifdef FS_44INODEFMT
357 	if (sblock->fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT)
358 		spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
359 #endif
360 	maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
361 	mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
362 	usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
363 	dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
364 	dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
365 	tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
366 
367 	nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
368 
369 	passno = 1;
370 	setproctitle("%s: pass 1: regular files", disk);
371 	msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
372 	anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
373 
374 	passno = 2;
375 	setproctitle("%s: pass 2: directories", disk);
376 	msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
377 	while (anydirskipped) {
378 		anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
379 	}
380 
381 	if (pipeout || unlimited) {
382 		tapesize += 10;	/* 10 trailer blocks */
383 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
384 	} else {
385 		double fetapes;
386 
387 		if (blocksperfile)
388 			fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
389 		else if (cartridge) {
390 			/* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
391 			   the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
392 			   Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
393 			   for with an artificially low tape size. */
394 			fetapes =
395 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
396 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes/block */
397 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
398 			  +
399 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
400 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* streaming-stops per block */
401 				* 15.48		/* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */
402 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
403 		} else {
404 			/* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
405 			   tape */
406 			int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
407 			fetapes =
408 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
409 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes / block */
410 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte " */
411 			  +
412 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
413 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* IRG's / block */
414 				* tenthsperirg	/* 0.1" / IRG " */
415 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" " */
416 		}
417 		etapes = fetapes;		/* truncating assignment */
418 		etapes++;
419 		/* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
420 		tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
421 			(howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
422 		tapesize += etapes + 10;	/* headers + 10 trailer blks */
423 		msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
424 		    tapesize, fetapes);
425 	}
426 
427         /*
428          * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
429          * tapes, exit now.
430          */
431         if (just_estimate)
432                 exit(0);
433 
434 	/*
435 	 * Allocate tape buffer.
436 	 */
437 	if (!alloctape())
438 		quit(
439 	"can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
440 
441 	startnewtape(1);
442 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
443 	dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
444 
445 	passno = 3;
446 	setproctitle("%s: pass 3: directories", disk);
447 	msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
448 	dirty = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
449 	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
450 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
451 			dirty = *map++;
452 		else
453 			dirty >>= 1;
454 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
455 			continue;
456 		/*
457 		 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
458 		 */
459 		dp = getino(ino);
460 		if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR)
461 			continue;
462 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
463 	}
464 
465 	passno = 4;
466 	setproctitle("%s: pass 4: regular files", disk);
467 	msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
468 	for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
469 		int mode;
470 
471 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
472 			dirty = *map++;
473 		else
474 			dirty >>= 1;
475 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
476 			continue;
477 		/*
478 		 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
479 		 */
480 		dp = getino(ino);
481 		mode = dp->di_mode & IFMT;
482 		if (mode == IFDIR)
483 			continue;
484 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
485 	}
486 
487 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tend_writing));
488 	spcl.c_type = TS_END;
489 	for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
490 		writeheader(maxino - 1);
491 	if (pipeout)
492 		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks\n", spcl.c_tapea);
493 	else
494 		msg("DUMP: %ld tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
495 		    spcl.c_tapea, spcl.c_volume,
496 		    (spcl.c_volume == 1) ? "" : "s");
497 
498 	/* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */
499 	if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0)
500 		msg("finished in less than a second\n");
501 	else
502 		msg("finished in %d seconds, throughput %d KBytes/sec\n",
503 		    tend_writing - tstart_writing,
504 		    spcl.c_tapea / (tend_writing - tstart_writing));
505 
506 	putdumptime();
507 	trewind();
508 	broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
509 	msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
510 	Exit(X_FINOK);
511 	/* NOTREACHED */
512 }
513 
514 static void
515 usage(void)
516 {
517 	fprintf(stderr,
518 		"usage: dump [-0123456789ac"
519 #ifdef KERBEROS
520 		"k"
521 #endif
522 		"nSu] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-D dumpdates]\n"
523 		"            [-d density] [-f file ] [-h level] [-s feet] "
524 		"[-T date] filesystem\n"
525 		"       dump [-W | -w]\n");
526 	exit(X_STARTUP);
527 }
528 
529 /*
530  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
531  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
532  */
533 static long
534 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
535 {
536 	char *p;
537 	long val;
538 
539 	val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
540 	if (*p)
541 		errx(1, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
542 	if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
543 		errx(1, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax);
544 	return (val);
545 }
546 
547 void
548 sig(int signo)
549 {
550 	switch(signo) {
551 	case SIGALRM:
552 	case SIGBUS:
553 	case SIGFPE:
554 	case SIGHUP:
555 	case SIGTERM:
556 	case SIGTRAP:
557 		if (pipeout)
558 			quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
559 		msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
560 		(void)fflush(stderr);
561 		(void)fflush(stdout);
562 		close_rewind();
563 		exit(X_REWRITE);
564 		/* NOTREACHED */
565 	case SIGSEGV:
566 		msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
567 		(void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
568 		(void)kill(0, SIGSEGV);
569 		/* NOTREACHED */
570 	}
571 }
572 
573 char *
574 rawname(char *cp)
575 {
576 	static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
577 	char *dp;
578 	struct stat sb;
579 
580 	if (stat(cp, &sb) == 0) {
581 		/*
582 		 * If the name already refers to a raw device, return
583 		 * it immediately without tampering.
584 		 */
585 		if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
586 			return (cp);
587 	}
588 
589 	dp = strrchr(cp, '/');
590 
591 	if (dp == NULL)
592 		return (NULL);
593 	*dp = '\0';
594 	(void)strlcpy(rawbuf, cp, MAXPATHLEN - 1);
595 	*dp = '/';
596 	(void)strlcat(rawbuf, "/r", MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
597 	(void)strlcat(rawbuf, dp + 1, MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
598 	return (rawbuf);
599 }
600 
601 /*
602  * obsolete --
603  *	Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
604  *	getopt(3) will like.
605  */
606 static void
607 obsolete(int *argcp, char **argvp[])
608 {
609 	int argc, flags;
610 	char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
611 
612 	/* Setup. */
613 	argv = *argvp;
614 	argc = *argcp;
615 
616 	/* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
617 	ap = argv[1];
618 	if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
619 		return;
620 
621 	/* Allocate space for new arguments. */
622 	if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL ||
623 	    (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL)
624 		err(1, NULL);
625 
626 	*nargv++ = *argv;
627 	argv += 2;
628 
629 	for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
630 		switch (*ap) {
631 		case 'B':
632 		case 'b':
633 		case 'd':
634 		case 'f':
635 		case 'D':
636 		case 'h':
637 		case 's':
638 		case 'T':
639 			if (*argv == NULL) {
640 				warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
641 				usage();
642 			}
643 			if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL)
644 				err(1, NULL);
645 			nargv[0][0] = '-';
646 			nargv[0][1] = *ap;
647 			(void)strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv);
648 			++argv;
649 			++nargv;
650 			break;
651 		default:
652 			if (!flags) {
653 				*p++ = '-';
654 				flags = 1;
655 			}
656 			*p++ = *ap;
657 			break;
658 		}
659 	}
660 
661 	/* Terminate flags. */
662 	if (flags) {
663 		*p = '\0';
664 		*nargv++ = flagsp;
665 	}
666 
667 	/* Copy remaining arguments. */
668 	while ((*nargv++ = *argv++));
669 
670 	/* Update argument count. */
671 	*argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
672 }
673