1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)dmesg.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd June 5, 1993 32.Dt DMESG 8 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm dmesg 36.Nd "display the system message buffer" 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl a 40.Op Fl M Ar core Op Fl N Ar system 41.Sh DESCRIPTION 42The 43.Nm 44utility displays the contents of the system message buffer. 45If the 46.Fl M 47option is not specified, the buffer is read from the currently running kernel 48via the 49.Xr sysctl 3 50interface. 51Otherwise, the buffer is read from the specified core file, 52using the name list from the specified kernel image (or from 53the default image). 54.Pp 55The options are as follows: 56.Bl -tag -width indent 57.It Fl a 58Show all data in the message buffer. 59This includes any syslog records and 60.Pa /dev/console 61output. 62.It Fl M 63Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core. 64.It Fl N 65If 66.Fl M 67is also specified, 68extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default, 69which is the kernel image the system has booted from. 70.El 71.Sh FILES 72.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot" -compact 73.It Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot 74usually a snapshot of the buffer contents 75taken soon after file systems are mounted 76at startup time 77.El 78.Sh SEE ALSO 79.Xr sysctl 3 , 80.Xr syslogd 8 81.Sh HISTORY 82The 83.Nm 84utility appeared in 85.Bx 4.0 . 86