xref: /freebsd/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.c (revision d0b2dbfa0ecf2bbc9709efc5e20baf8e4b44bbbf)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Gordon W. Ross
5  * Copyright (c) 1994 Theo de Raadt
6  * All rights reserved.
7  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
8  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
9  *
10  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
11  * Symmetric Computer Systems.
12  *
13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
15  * are met:
16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
21  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
22  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
23  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
24  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
25  *      This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt.
26  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
27  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
28  *    without specific prior written permission.
29  *
30  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
31  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
32  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
33  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
34  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
35  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
36  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
37  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
38  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
39  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
40  * SUCH DAMAGE.
41  *
42  *	from: $NetBSD: disksubr.c,v 1.13 2000/12/17 22:39:18 pk $
43  */
44 
45 #if 0
46 #ifndef lint
47 static const char copyright[] =
48 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1987, 1993\n\
49 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
50 #endif /* not lint */
51 
52 #ifndef lint
53 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/7/94";
54 /* from static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	1.2 (Symmetric) 11/28/85"; */
55 #endif /* not lint */
56 #endif
57 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
58 #include <sys/param.h>
59 #include <stdint.h>
60 #include <sys/file.h>
61 #include <sys/stat.h>
62 #include <sys/wait.h>
63 #include <sys/disk.h>
64 #define DKTYPENAMES
65 #define FSTYPENAMES
66 #define MAXPARTITIONS	20
67 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
68 
69 #include <unistd.h>
70 #include <string.h>
71 #include <stdio.h>
72 #include <libgeom.h>
73 #include <stdlib.h>
74 #include <signal.h>
75 #include <stdarg.h>
76 #include <ctype.h>
77 #include <err.h>
78 #include <errno.h>
79 
80 #include "pathnames.h"
81 
82 static void	makelabel(const char *, struct disklabel *);
83 static int	geom_class_available(const char *);
84 static int	writelabel(void);
85 static int	readlabel(int flag);
86 static void	display(FILE *, const struct disklabel *);
87 static int	edit(void);
88 static int	editit(void);
89 static void	fixlabel(struct disklabel *);
90 static char	*skip(char *);
91 static char	*word(char *);
92 static int	getasciilabel(FILE *, struct disklabel *);
93 static int	getasciipartspec(char *, struct disklabel *, int, int);
94 static int	checklabel(struct disklabel *);
95 static void	usage(void);
96 static struct disklabel *getvirginlabel(void);
97 
98 #define	DEFEDITOR	_PATH_VI
99 #define	DEFPARTITIONS	8
100 
101 static char	*specname;
102 static char	*pname;
103 static char	tmpfil[] = PATH_TMPFILE;
104 
105 static struct	disklabel lab;
106 static u_char	bootarea[BBSIZE];
107 static off_t	mediasize;
108 static ssize_t	secsize;
109 static char	blank[] = "";
110 static char	unknown[] = "unknown";
111 
112 #define MAX_PART ('z')
113 #define MAX_NUM_PARTS (1 + MAX_PART - 'a')
114 static char    part_size_type[MAX_NUM_PARTS];
115 static char    part_offset_type[MAX_NUM_PARTS];
116 static int     part_set[MAX_NUM_PARTS];
117 
118 static int	installboot;	/* non-zero if we should install a boot program */
119 static int	allfields;	/* present all fields in edit */
120 static char const *xxboot;	/* primary boot */
121 
122 static uint32_t lba_offset;
123 #ifndef LABELSECTOR
124 #define LABELSECTOR -1
125 #endif
126 #ifndef LABELOFFSET
127 #define LABELOFFSET -1
128 #endif
129 static int labelsoffset = LABELSECTOR;
130 static int labeloffset = LABELOFFSET;
131 static int bbsize = BBSIZE;
132 
133 static enum {
134 	UNSPEC, EDIT, READ, RESTORE, WRITE, WRITEBOOT
135 } op = UNSPEC;
136 
137 
138 static int	disable_write;   /* set to disable writing to disk label */
139 static int	is_file;	/* work on a file (abs. pathname), "-f" opt. */
140 
141 int
142 main(int argc, char *argv[])
143 {
144 	FILE *t;
145 	int ch, error, fd;
146 	const char *name;
147 
148 	error = 0;
149 	name = NULL;
150 
151 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "ABb:efm:nRrw")) != -1)
152 		switch (ch) {
153 			case 'A':
154 				allfields = 1;
155 				break;
156 			case 'B':
157 				++installboot;
158 				break;
159 			case 'b':
160 				xxboot = optarg;
161 				break;
162 			case 'f':
163 				is_file=1;
164 				break;
165 			case 'm':
166 				if (!strcmp(optarg, "i386") ||
167 				    !strcmp(optarg, "amd64")) {
168 					labelsoffset = 1;
169 					labeloffset = 0;
170 					bbsize = 8192;
171 				} else {
172 					errx(1, "Unsupported architecture");
173 				}
174 				break;
175 			case 'n':
176 				disable_write = 1;
177 				break;
178 			case 'R':
179 				if (op != UNSPEC)
180 					usage();
181 				op = RESTORE;
182 				break;
183 			case 'e':
184 				if (op != UNSPEC)
185 					usage();
186 				op = EDIT;
187 				break;
188 			case 'r':
189 				/*
190 				 * We accept and ignore -r for compatibility with
191 				 * historical disklabel usage.
192 				 */
193 				break;
194 			case 'w':
195 				if (op != UNSPEC)
196 					usage();
197 				op = WRITE;
198 				break;
199 			case '?':
200 			default:
201 				usage();
202 		}
203 	argc -= optind;
204 	argv += optind;
205 
206 	if (argc < 1)
207 		usage();
208 	if (labelsoffset < 0 || labeloffset < 0)
209 		errx(1, "a -m <architecture> option must be specified");
210 
211 	/* Figure out the names of the thing we're working on */
212 	if (is_file) {
213 		specname = argv[0];
214 	} else {
215 		specname = g_device_path(argv[0]);
216 		if (specname == NULL) {
217 			warn("unable to get correct path for %s", argv[0]);
218 			return(1);
219 		}
220 		fd = open(specname, O_RDONLY);
221 		if (fd < 0) {
222 			warn("error opening %s", specname);
223 			return(1);
224 		}
225 		pname = g_providername(fd);
226 		if (pname == NULL) {
227 			warn("error getting providername for %s", specname);
228 			close(fd);
229 			return(1);
230 		}
231 		close(fd);
232 	}
233 
234 	if (installboot && op == UNSPEC)
235 		op = WRITEBOOT;
236 	else if (op == UNSPEC)
237 		op = READ;
238 
239 	switch(op) {
240 
241 	case UNSPEC:
242 		break;
243 
244 	case EDIT:
245 		if (argc != 1)
246 			usage();
247 		readlabel(1);
248 		fixlabel(&lab);
249 		error = edit();
250 		break;
251 
252 	case READ:
253 		if (argc != 1)
254 			usage();
255 		readlabel(1);
256 		display(stdout, NULL);
257 		error = checklabel(NULL);
258 		break;
259 
260 	case RESTORE:
261 		if (argc != 2)
262 			usage();
263 		if (!(t = fopen(argv[1], "r")))
264 			err(4, "fopen %s", argv[1]);
265 		readlabel(0);
266 		if (!getasciilabel(t, &lab))
267 			exit(1);
268 		error = writelabel();
269 		break;
270 
271 	case WRITE:
272 		if (argc == 2)
273 			name = argv[1];
274 		else if (argc == 1)
275 			name = "auto";
276 		else
277 			usage();
278 		readlabel(0);
279 		makelabel(name, &lab);
280 		fixlabel(&lab);
281 		if (checklabel(NULL) == 0)
282 			error = writelabel();
283 		break;
284 
285 	case WRITEBOOT:
286 
287 		readlabel(1);
288 		fixlabel(&lab);
289 		if (argc == 2)
290 			makelabel(argv[1], &lab);
291 		if (checklabel(NULL) == 0)
292 			error = writelabel();
293 		break;
294 	}
295 	exit(error);
296 }
297 
298 static void
299 fixlabel(struct disklabel *lp)
300 {
301 	struct partition *dp;
302 	int i;
303 
304 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
305 		if (i == RAW_PART)
306 			continue;
307 		if (lp->d_partitions[i].p_size)
308 			return;
309 	}
310 
311 	dp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
312 	dp->p_offset = BBSIZE / secsize;
313 	dp->p_size = lp->d_secperunit - dp->p_offset;
314 }
315 
316 /*
317  * Construct a prototype disklabel from /etc/disktab.
318  */
319 static void
320 makelabel(const char *type, struct disklabel *lp)
321 {
322 	struct disklabel *dp;
323 
324 	if (strcmp(type, "auto") == 0)
325 		dp = getvirginlabel();
326 	else
327 		dp = getdiskbyname(type);
328 	if (dp == NULL)
329 		errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", type);
330 	*lp = *dp;
331 	bzero(lp->d_packname, sizeof(lp->d_packname));
332 }
333 
334 static void
335 readboot(void)
336 {
337 	int fd;
338 	struct stat st;
339 
340 	if (xxboot == NULL)
341 		xxboot = "/boot/boot";
342 	fd = open(xxboot, O_RDONLY);
343 	if (fd < 0)
344 		err(1, "cannot open %s", xxboot);
345 	fstat(fd, &st);
346 	if (st.st_size <= BBSIZE) {
347 		if (read(fd, bootarea, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
348 			err(1, "read error %s", xxboot);
349 		close(fd);
350 		return;
351 	}
352 	errx(1, "boot code %s is wrong size", xxboot);
353 }
354 
355 static int
356 geom_class_available(const char *name)
357 {
358 	struct gclass *class;
359 	struct gmesh mesh;
360 	int error;
361 
362 	error = geom_gettree(&mesh);
363 	if (error != 0)
364 		errc(1, error, "Cannot get GEOM tree");
365 
366 	LIST_FOREACH(class, &mesh.lg_class, lg_class) {
367 		if (strcmp(class->lg_name, name) == 0) {
368 			geom_deletetree(&mesh);
369 			return (1);
370 		}
371 	}
372 
373 	geom_deletetree(&mesh);
374 
375 	return (0);
376 }
377 
378 static int
379 writelabel(void)
380 {
381 	int i, fd, serrno;
382 	struct disklabel *lp = &lab;
383 
384 	if (disable_write) {
385 		warnx("write to disk label suppressed - label was as follows:");
386 		display(stdout, NULL);
387 		return (0);
388 	}
389 
390 	lp->d_magic = DISKMAGIC;
391 	lp->d_magic2 = DISKMAGIC;
392 	lp->d_checksum = 0;
393 	lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
394 	if (installboot)
395 		readboot();
396 	for (i = 0; i < lab.d_npartitions; i++)
397 		if (lab.d_partitions[i].p_size)
398 			lab.d_partitions[i].p_offset += lba_offset;
399 	bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + labeloffset + labelsoffset * lab.d_secsize,
400 	    lp);
401 
402 	fd = open(specname, O_RDWR);
403 	if (fd < 0) {
404 		if (is_file) {
405 			warn("cannot open file %s for writing label", specname);
406 			return(1);
407 		} else
408 			serrno = errno;
409 
410 		if (geom_class_available("PART") != 0) {
411 			/*
412 			 * Since we weren't able open provider for
413 			 * writing, then recommend user to use gpart(8).
414 			 */
415 			warnc(serrno,
416 			    "cannot open provider %s for writing label",
417 			    specname);
418 			warnx("Try to use gpart(8).");
419 			return (1);
420 		}
421 
422 		warnc(serrno, "%s", specname);
423 		return (1);
424 	} else {
425 		if (write(fd, bootarea, bbsize) != bbsize) {
426 			warn("write %s", specname);
427 			close (fd);
428 			return (1);
429 		}
430 		close (fd);
431 	}
432 	return (0);
433 }
434 
435 static void
436 get_file_parms(int f)
437 {
438 	int i;
439 	struct stat sb;
440 
441 	if (fstat(f, &sb) != 0)
442 		err(4, "fstat failed");
443 	i = sb.st_mode & S_IFMT;
444 	if (i != S_IFREG && i != S_IFLNK)
445 		errx(4, "%s is not a valid file or link", specname);
446 	secsize = DEV_BSIZE;
447 	mediasize = sb.st_size;
448 }
449 
450 /*
451  * Fetch disklabel for disk.
452  */
453 static int
454 readlabel(int flag)
455 {
456 	ssize_t nbytes;
457 	uint32_t lba;
458 	int f, i;
459 	int error;
460 
461 	f = open(specname, O_RDONLY);
462 	if (f < 0)
463 		err(1, "%s", specname);
464 	if (is_file)
465 		get_file_parms(f);
466 	else {
467 		mediasize = g_mediasize(f);
468 		secsize = g_sectorsize(f);
469 		if (secsize < 0 || mediasize < 0)
470 			err(4, "cannot get disk geometry");
471 	}
472 	if (mediasize > (off_t)0xffffffff * secsize)
473 		errx(1,
474 		    "disks with more than 2^32-1 sectors are not supported");
475 	(void)lseek(f, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET);
476 	nbytes = read(f, bootarea, BBSIZE);
477 	if (nbytes == -1)
478 		err(4, "%s read", specname);
479 	if (nbytes != BBSIZE)
480 		errx(4, "couldn't read %d bytes from %s", BBSIZE, specname);
481 	close (f);
482 	error = bsd_disklabel_le_dec(
483 	    bootarea + (labeloffset + labelsoffset * secsize),
484 	    &lab, MAXPARTITIONS);
485 	if (flag && error)
486 		errx(1, "%s: no valid label found", specname);
487 
488 	if (is_file)
489 		return(0);
490 
491 	/*
492 	 * Compensate for absolute block addressing by finding the
493 	 * smallest partition offset and if the offset of the 'c'
494 	 * partition is equal to that, subtract it from all offsets.
495 	 */
496 	lba = ~0;
497 	for (i = 0; i < lab.d_npartitions; i++) {
498 		if (lab.d_partitions[i].p_size)
499 			lba = MIN(lba, lab.d_partitions[i].p_offset);
500 	}
501 	if (lba != 0 && lab.d_partitions[RAW_PART].p_offset == lba) {
502 		for (i = 0; i < lab.d_npartitions; i++) {
503 			if (lab.d_partitions[i].p_size)
504 				lab.d_partitions[i].p_offset -= lba;
505 		}
506 		/*
507 		 * Save the offset so that we can write the label
508 		 * back with absolute block addresses.
509 		 */
510 		lba_offset = lba;
511 	}
512 	return (error);
513 }
514 
515 
516 static void
517 display(FILE *f, const struct disklabel *lp)
518 {
519 	int i, j;
520 	const struct partition *pp;
521 
522 	if (lp == NULL)
523 		lp = &lab;
524 
525 	fprintf(f, "# %s:\n", specname);
526 	if (allfields) {
527 		if (lp->d_type < DKMAXTYPES)
528 			fprintf(f, "type: %s\n", dktypenames[lp->d_type]);
529 		else
530 			fprintf(f, "type: %u\n", lp->d_type);
531 		fprintf(f, "disk: %.*s\n", (int)sizeof(lp->d_typename),
532 			lp->d_typename);
533 		fprintf(f, "label: %.*s\n", (int)sizeof(lp->d_packname),
534 			lp->d_packname);
535 		fprintf(f, "flags:");
536 		if (lp->d_flags & D_REMOVABLE)
537 			fprintf(f, " removeable");
538 		if (lp->d_flags & D_ECC)
539 			fprintf(f, " ecc");
540 		if (lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT)
541 			fprintf(f, " badsect");
542 		fprintf(f, "\n");
543 		fprintf(f, "bytes/sector: %lu\n", (u_long)lp->d_secsize);
544 		fprintf(f, "sectors/track: %lu\n", (u_long)lp->d_nsectors);
545 		fprintf(f, "tracks/cylinder: %lu\n", (u_long)lp->d_ntracks);
546 		fprintf(f, "sectors/cylinder: %lu\n", (u_long)lp->d_secpercyl);
547 		fprintf(f, "cylinders: %lu\n", (u_long)lp->d_ncylinders);
548 		fprintf(f, "sectors/unit: %lu\n", (u_long)lp->d_secperunit);
549 		fprintf(f, "rpm: %u\n", lp->d_rpm);
550 		fprintf(f, "interleave: %u\n", lp->d_interleave);
551 		fprintf(f, "trackskew: %u\n", lp->d_trackskew);
552 		fprintf(f, "cylinderskew: %u\n", lp->d_cylskew);
553 		fprintf(f, "headswitch: %lu\t\t# milliseconds\n",
554 		    (u_long)lp->d_headswitch);
555 		fprintf(f, "track-to-track seek: %ld\t# milliseconds\n",
556 		    (u_long)lp->d_trkseek);
557 		fprintf(f, "drivedata: ");
558 		for (i = NDDATA - 1; i >= 0; i--)
559 			if (lp->d_drivedata[i])
560 				break;
561 		if (i < 0)
562 			i = 0;
563 		for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
564 			fprintf(f, "%lu ", (u_long)lp->d_drivedata[j]);
565 		fprintf(f, "\n\n");
566 	}
567 	fprintf(f, "%u partitions:\n", lp->d_npartitions);
568 	fprintf(f,
569 	    "#          size     offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]\n");
570 	pp = lp->d_partitions;
571 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++, pp++) {
572 		if (pp->p_size) {
573 			fprintf(f, "  %c: %10lu %10lu  ", 'a' + i,
574 			   (u_long)pp->p_size, (u_long)pp->p_offset);
575 			if (pp->p_fstype < FSMAXTYPES)
576 				fprintf(f, "%8.8s", fstypenames[pp->p_fstype]);
577 			else
578 				fprintf(f, "%8d", pp->p_fstype);
579 			switch (pp->p_fstype) {
580 
581 			case FS_UNUSED:				/* XXX */
582 				fprintf(f, "    %5lu %5lu %2s",
583 				    (u_long)pp->p_fsize,
584 				    (u_long)(pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag), "");
585 				break;
586 
587 			case FS_BSDFFS:
588 				fprintf(f, "    %5lu %5lu %5u",
589 				    (u_long)pp->p_fsize,
590 				    (u_long)(pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag),
591 				    pp->p_cpg);
592 				break;
593 
594 			case FS_BSDLFS:
595 				fprintf(f, "    %5lu %5lu %5d",
596 				    (u_long)pp->p_fsize,
597 				    (u_long)(pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag),
598 				    pp->p_cpg);
599 				break;
600 
601 			default:
602 				fprintf(f, "%20.20s", "");
603 				break;
604 			}
605 			if (i == RAW_PART) {
606 				fprintf(f, "  # \"raw\" part, don't edit");
607 			}
608 			fprintf(f, "\n");
609 		}
610 	}
611 	fflush(f);
612 }
613 
614 static int
615 edit(void)
616 {
617 	int c, fd;
618 	struct disklabel label;
619 	FILE *fp;
620 
621 	if ((fd = mkstemp(tmpfil)) == -1 ||
622 	    (fp = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
623 		warnx("can't create %s", tmpfil);
624 		return (1);
625 	}
626 	display(fp, NULL);
627 	fclose(fp);
628 	for (;;) {
629 		if (!editit())
630 			break;
631 		fp = fopen(tmpfil, "r");
632 		if (fp == NULL) {
633 			warnx("can't reopen %s for reading", tmpfil);
634 			break;
635 		}
636 		bzero((char *)&label, sizeof(label));
637 		c = getasciilabel(fp, &label);
638 		fclose(fp);
639 		if (c) {
640 			lab = label;
641 			if (writelabel() == 0) {
642 				(void) unlink(tmpfil);
643 				return (0);
644 			}
645 		}
646 		printf("re-edit the label? [y]: ");
647 		fflush(stdout);
648 		c = getchar();
649 		if (c != EOF && c != (int)'\n')
650 			while (getchar() != (int)'\n')
651 				;
652 		if  (c == (int)'n')
653 			break;
654 	}
655 	(void) unlink(tmpfil);
656 	return (1);
657 }
658 
659 static int
660 editit(void)
661 {
662 	int pid, xpid;
663 	int locstat, omask;
664 	const char *ed;
665 	uid_t uid;
666 	gid_t gid;
667 
668 	omask = sigblock(sigmask(SIGINT)|sigmask(SIGQUIT)|sigmask(SIGHUP));
669 	while ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
670 		if (errno == EPROCLIM) {
671 			warnx("you have too many processes");
672 			return(0);
673 		}
674 		if (errno != EAGAIN) {
675 			warn("fork");
676 			return(0);
677 		}
678 		sleep(1);
679 	}
680 	if (pid == 0) {
681 		sigsetmask(omask);
682 		gid = getgid();
683 		if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) == -1)
684 			err(1, "setresgid");
685 		uid = getuid();
686 		if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1)
687 			err(1, "setresuid");
688 		if ((ed = getenv("EDITOR")) == (char *)0)
689 			ed = DEFEDITOR;
690 		execlp(ed, ed, tmpfil, (char *)0);
691 		err(1, "%s", ed);
692 	}
693 	while ((xpid = wait(&locstat)) >= 0)
694 		if (xpid == pid)
695 			break;
696 	sigsetmask(omask);
697 	return(!locstat);
698 }
699 
700 static char *
701 skip(char *cp)
702 {
703 
704 	while (*cp != '\0' && isspace(*cp))
705 		cp++;
706 	if (*cp == '\0' || *cp == '#')
707 		return (NULL);
708 	return (cp);
709 }
710 
711 static char *
712 word(char *cp)
713 {
714 	char c;
715 
716 	while (*cp != '\0' && !isspace(*cp) && *cp != '#')
717 		cp++;
718 	if ((c = *cp) != '\0') {
719 		*cp++ = '\0';
720 		if (c != '#')
721 			return (skip(cp));
722 	}
723 	return (NULL);
724 }
725 
726 /*
727  * Read an ascii label in from fd f,
728  * in the same format as that put out by display(),
729  * and fill in lp.
730  */
731 static int
732 getasciilabel(FILE *f, struct disklabel *lp)
733 {
734 	char *cp, *endp;
735 	const char **cpp;
736 	u_int part;
737 	char *tp, line[BUFSIZ];
738 	u_long v;
739 	int lineno = 0, errors = 0;
740 	int i;
741 
742 	makelabel("auto", lp);
743 	bzero(&part_set, sizeof(part_set));
744 	bzero(&part_size_type, sizeof(part_size_type));
745 	bzero(&part_offset_type, sizeof(part_offset_type));
746 	lp->d_bbsize = BBSIZE;				/* XXX */
747 	lp->d_sbsize = 0;				/* XXX */
748 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, f)) {
749 		lineno++;
750 		if ((cp = strchr(line,'\n')) != NULL)
751 			*cp = '\0';
752 		cp = skip(line);
753 		if (cp == NULL)
754 			continue;
755 		tp = strchr(cp, ':');
756 		if (tp == NULL) {
757 			fprintf(stderr, "line %d: syntax error\n", lineno);
758 			errors++;
759 			continue;
760 		}
761 		*tp++ = '\0', tp = skip(tp);
762 		if (!strcmp(cp, "type")) {
763 			if (tp == NULL)
764 				tp = unknown;
765 			cpp = dktypenames;
766 			for (; cpp < &dktypenames[DKMAXTYPES]; cpp++)
767 				if (*cpp && !strcmp(*cpp, tp)) {
768 					lp->d_type = cpp - dktypenames;
769 					break;
770 				}
771 			if (cpp < &dktypenames[DKMAXTYPES])
772 				continue;
773 			errno = 0;
774 			v = strtoul(tp, &endp, 10);
775 			if (errno != 0 || *endp != '\0')
776 				v = DKMAXTYPES;
777 			if (v >= DKMAXTYPES)
778 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d:%s %lu\n", lineno,
779 				    "Warning, unknown disk type", v);
780 			else
781 				lp->d_type = v;
782 			continue;
783 		}
784 		if (!strcmp(cp, "flags")) {
785 			for (v = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0';) {
786 				tp = word(cp);
787 				if (!strcmp(cp, "removeable"))
788 					v |= D_REMOVABLE;
789 				else if (!strcmp(cp, "ecc"))
790 					v |= D_ECC;
791 				else if (!strcmp(cp, "badsect"))
792 					v |= D_BADSECT;
793 				else {
794 					fprintf(stderr,
795 					    "line %d: %s: bad flag\n",
796 					    lineno, cp);
797 					errors++;
798 				}
799 			}
800 			lp->d_flags = v;
801 			continue;
802 		}
803 		if (!strcmp(cp, "drivedata")) {
804 			for (i = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0' && i < NDDATA;) {
805 				lp->d_drivedata[i++] = strtoul(cp, NULL, 10);
806 				tp = word(cp);
807 			}
808 			continue;
809 		}
810 		if (sscanf(cp, "%lu partitions", &v) == 1) {
811 			if (v > MAXPARTITIONS) {
812 				fprintf(stderr,
813 				    "line %d: bad # of partitions\n", lineno);
814 				lp->d_npartitions = MAXPARTITIONS;
815 				errors++;
816 			} else if (v < DEFPARTITIONS) {
817 				fprintf(stderr,
818 				    "line %d: bad # of partitions\n", lineno);
819 				lp->d_npartitions = DEFPARTITIONS;
820 				errors++;
821 			} else
822 				lp->d_npartitions = v;
823 			continue;
824 		}
825 		if (tp == NULL)
826 			tp = blank;
827 		if (!strcmp(cp, "disk")) {
828 			strncpy(lp->d_typename, tp, sizeof (lp->d_typename));
829 			continue;
830 		}
831 		if (!strcmp(cp, "label")) {
832 			strncpy(lp->d_packname, tp, sizeof (lp->d_packname));
833 			continue;
834 		}
835 		if (!strcmp(cp, "bytes/sector")) {
836 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
837 			if (v == 0 || (v % DEV_BSIZE) != 0) {
838 				fprintf(stderr,
839 				    "line %d: %s: bad sector size\n",
840 				    lineno, tp);
841 				errors++;
842 			} else
843 				lp->d_secsize = v;
844 			continue;
845 		}
846 		if (!strcmp(cp, "sectors/track")) {
847 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
848 #if (ULONG_MAX != 0xffffffffUL)
849 			if (v == 0 || v > 0xffffffff)
850 #else
851 			if (v == 0)
852 #endif
853 			{
854 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
855 				    lineno, tp, cp);
856 				errors++;
857 			} else
858 				lp->d_nsectors = v;
859 			continue;
860 		}
861 		if (!strcmp(cp, "sectors/cylinder")) {
862 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
863 			if (v == 0) {
864 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
865 				    lineno, tp, cp);
866 				errors++;
867 			} else
868 				lp->d_secpercyl = v;
869 			continue;
870 		}
871 		if (!strcmp(cp, "tracks/cylinder")) {
872 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
873 			if (v == 0) {
874 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
875 				    lineno, tp, cp);
876 				errors++;
877 			} else
878 				lp->d_ntracks = v;
879 			continue;
880 		}
881 		if (!strcmp(cp, "cylinders")) {
882 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
883 			if (v == 0) {
884 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
885 				    lineno, tp, cp);
886 				errors++;
887 			} else
888 				lp->d_ncylinders = v;
889 			continue;
890 		}
891 		if (!strcmp(cp, "sectors/unit")) {
892 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
893 			if (v == 0) {
894 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
895 				    lineno, tp, cp);
896 				errors++;
897 			} else
898 				lp->d_secperunit = v;
899 			continue;
900 		}
901 		if (!strcmp(cp, "rpm")) {
902 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
903 			if (v == 0 || v > USHRT_MAX) {
904 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
905 				    lineno, tp, cp);
906 				errors++;
907 			} else
908 				lp->d_rpm = v;
909 			continue;
910 		}
911 		if (!strcmp(cp, "interleave")) {
912 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
913 			if (v == 0 || v > USHRT_MAX) {
914 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
915 				    lineno, tp, cp);
916 				errors++;
917 			} else
918 				lp->d_interleave = v;
919 			continue;
920 		}
921 		if (!strcmp(cp, "trackskew")) {
922 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
923 			if (v > USHRT_MAX) {
924 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
925 				    lineno, tp, cp);
926 				errors++;
927 			} else
928 				lp->d_trackskew = v;
929 			continue;
930 		}
931 		if (!strcmp(cp, "cylinderskew")) {
932 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
933 			if (v > USHRT_MAX) {
934 				fprintf(stderr, "line %d: %s: bad %s\n",
935 				    lineno, tp, cp);
936 				errors++;
937 			} else
938 				lp->d_cylskew = v;
939 			continue;
940 		}
941 		if (!strcmp(cp, "headswitch")) {
942 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
943 			lp->d_headswitch = v;
944 			continue;
945 		}
946 		if (!strcmp(cp, "track-to-track seek")) {
947 			v = strtoul(tp, NULL, 10);
948 			lp->d_trkseek = v;
949 			continue;
950 		}
951 		/* the ':' was removed above */
952 		if (*cp < 'a' || *cp > MAX_PART || cp[1] != '\0') {
953 			fprintf(stderr,
954 			    "line %d: %s: Unknown disklabel field\n", lineno,
955 			    cp);
956 			errors++;
957 			continue;
958 		}
959 
960 		/* Process a partition specification line. */
961 		part = *cp - 'a';
962 		if (part >= lp->d_npartitions) {
963 			fprintf(stderr,
964 			    "line %d: partition name out of range a-%c: %s\n",
965 			    lineno, 'a' + lp->d_npartitions - 1, cp);
966 			errors++;
967 			continue;
968 		}
969 		part_set[part] = 1;
970 
971 		if (getasciipartspec(tp, lp, part, lineno) != 0) {
972 			errors++;
973 			break;
974 		}
975 	}
976 	errors += checklabel(lp);
977 	return (errors == 0);
978 }
979 
980 #define NXTNUM(n) do { \
981 	if (tp == NULL) { \
982 		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: too few numeric fields\n", lineno); \
983 		return (1); \
984 	} else { \
985 		cp = tp, tp = word(cp); \
986 		(n) = strtoul(cp, NULL, 10); \
987 	} \
988 } while (0)
989 
990 /* retain 1 character following number */
991 #define NXTWORD(w,n) do { \
992 	if (tp == NULL) { \
993 		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: too few numeric fields\n", lineno); \
994 		return (1); \
995 	} else { \
996 		char *tmp; \
997 		cp = tp, tp = word(cp); \
998 		(n) = strtoul(cp, &tmp, 10); \
999 		if (tmp) (w) = *tmp; \
1000 	} \
1001 } while (0)
1002 
1003 /*
1004  * Read a partition line into partition `part' in the specified disklabel.
1005  * Return 0 on success, 1 on failure.
1006  */
1007 static int
1008 getasciipartspec(char *tp, struct disklabel *lp, int part, int lineno)
1009 {
1010 	struct partition *pp;
1011 	char *cp, *endp;
1012 	const char **cpp;
1013 	u_long v;
1014 
1015 	pp = &lp->d_partitions[part];
1016 	cp = NULL;
1017 
1018 	v = 0;
1019 	NXTWORD(part_size_type[part],v);
1020 	if (v == 0 && part_size_type[part] != '*') {
1021 		fprintf(stderr,
1022 		    "line %d: %s: bad partition size\n", lineno, cp);
1023 		return (1);
1024 	}
1025 	pp->p_size = v;
1026 
1027 	v = 0;
1028 	NXTWORD(part_offset_type[part],v);
1029 	if (v == 0 && part_offset_type[part] != '*' &&
1030 	    part_offset_type[part] != '\0') {
1031 		fprintf(stderr,
1032 		    "line %d: %s: bad partition offset\n", lineno, cp);
1033 		return (1);
1034 	}
1035 	pp->p_offset = v;
1036 	if (tp == NULL) {
1037 		fprintf(stderr, "line %d: missing file system type\n", lineno);
1038 		return (1);
1039 	}
1040 	cp = tp, tp = word(cp);
1041 	for (cpp = fstypenames; cpp < &fstypenames[FSMAXTYPES]; cpp++)
1042 		if (*cpp && !strcmp(*cpp, cp))
1043 			break;
1044 	if (*cpp != NULL) {
1045 		pp->p_fstype = cpp - fstypenames;
1046 	} else {
1047 		if (isdigit(*cp)) {
1048 			errno = 0;
1049 			v = strtoul(cp, &endp, 10);
1050 			if (errno != 0 || *endp != '\0')
1051 				v = FSMAXTYPES;
1052 		} else
1053 			v = FSMAXTYPES;
1054 		if (v >= FSMAXTYPES) {
1055 			fprintf(stderr,
1056 			    "line %d: Warning, unknown file system type %s\n",
1057 			    lineno, cp);
1058 			v = FS_UNUSED;
1059 		}
1060 		pp->p_fstype = v;
1061 	}
1062 
1063 	switch (pp->p_fstype) {
1064 	case FS_UNUSED:
1065 	case FS_BSDFFS:
1066 	case FS_BSDLFS:
1067 		/* accept defaults for fsize/frag/cpg */
1068 		if (tp) {
1069 			NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
1070 			if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
1071 				break;
1072 			NXTNUM(v);
1073 			pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
1074 			if (tp != NULL)
1075 				NXTNUM(pp->p_cpg);
1076 		}
1077 		/* else default to 0's */
1078 		break;
1079 	default:
1080 		break;
1081 	}
1082 	return (0);
1083 }
1084 
1085 /*
1086  * Check disklabel for errors and fill in
1087  * derived fields according to supplied values.
1088  */
1089 static int
1090 checklabel(struct disklabel *lp)
1091 {
1092 	struct partition *pp;
1093 	int i, errors = 0;
1094 	char part;
1095 	u_long base_offset, needed, total_percent, current_offset;
1096 	long free_space;
1097 	int seen_default_offset;
1098 	int hog_part;
1099 	int j;
1100 	struct partition *pp2;
1101 
1102 	if (lp == NULL)
1103 		lp = &lab;
1104 
1105 	if (allfields) {
1106 
1107 		if (lp->d_secsize == 0) {
1108 			fprintf(stderr, "sector size 0\n");
1109 			return (1);
1110 		}
1111 		if (lp->d_nsectors == 0) {
1112 			fprintf(stderr, "sectors/track 0\n");
1113 			return (1);
1114 		}
1115 		if (lp->d_ntracks == 0) {
1116 			fprintf(stderr, "tracks/cylinder 0\n");
1117 			return (1);
1118 		}
1119 		if  (lp->d_ncylinders == 0) {
1120 			fprintf(stderr, "cylinders/unit 0\n");
1121 			errors++;
1122 		}
1123 		if (lp->d_rpm == 0)
1124 			warnx("revolutions/minute 0");
1125 		if (lp->d_secpercyl == 0)
1126 			lp->d_secpercyl = lp->d_nsectors * lp->d_ntracks;
1127 		if (lp->d_secperunit == 0)
1128 			lp->d_secperunit = lp->d_secpercyl * lp->d_ncylinders;
1129 		if (lp->d_bbsize == 0) {
1130 			fprintf(stderr, "boot block size 0\n");
1131 			errors++;
1132 		} else if (lp->d_bbsize % lp->d_secsize)
1133 			warnx("boot block size %% sector-size != 0");
1134 		if (lp->d_npartitions > MAXPARTITIONS) {
1135 			warnx("number of partitions (%lu) > MAXPARTITIONS (%d)",
1136 			    (u_long)lp->d_npartitions, MAXPARTITIONS);
1137 			errors++;
1138 		}
1139 		if (lp->d_npartitions < DEFPARTITIONS) {
1140 			warnx("number of partitions (%lu) < DEFPARTITIONS (%d)",
1141 			    (u_long)lp->d_npartitions, DEFPARTITIONS);
1142 			errors++;
1143 		}
1144 	} else {
1145 		struct disklabel *vl;
1146 
1147 		vl = getvirginlabel();
1148 		if (lp->d_secsize == 0)
1149 			lp->d_secsize = vl->d_secsize;
1150 		if (lp->d_nsectors == 0)
1151 			lp->d_nsectors = vl->d_nsectors;
1152 		if (lp->d_ntracks == 0)
1153 			lp->d_ntracks = vl->d_ntracks;
1154 		if (lp->d_ncylinders == 0)
1155 			lp->d_ncylinders = vl->d_ncylinders;
1156 		if (lp->d_rpm == 0)
1157 			lp->d_rpm = vl->d_rpm;
1158 		if (lp->d_interleave == 0)
1159 			lp->d_interleave = vl->d_interleave;
1160 		if (lp->d_secpercyl == 0)
1161 			lp->d_secpercyl = vl->d_secpercyl;
1162 		if (lp->d_secperunit == 0 ||
1163 		    lp->d_secperunit > vl->d_secperunit)
1164 			lp->d_secperunit = vl->d_secperunit;
1165 		if (lp->d_bbsize == 0)
1166 			lp->d_bbsize = vl->d_bbsize;
1167 		if (lp->d_npartitions < DEFPARTITIONS ||
1168 		    lp->d_npartitions > MAXPARTITIONS)
1169 			lp->d_npartitions = vl->d_npartitions;
1170 	}
1171 
1172 
1173 	/* first allocate space to the partitions, then offsets */
1174 	total_percent = 0; /* in percent */
1175 	hog_part = -1;
1176 	/* find all fixed partitions */
1177 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
1178 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1179 		if (part_set[i]) {
1180 			if (part_size_type[i] == '*') {
1181 				if (i == RAW_PART) {
1182 					pp->p_size = lp->d_secperunit;
1183 				} else {
1184 					if (hog_part != -1)
1185 						warnx("Too many '*' partitions (%c and %c)",
1186 						    hog_part + 'a',i + 'a');
1187 					else
1188 						hog_part = i;
1189 				}
1190 			} else {
1191 				off_t size;
1192 
1193 				size = pp->p_size;
1194 				switch (part_size_type[i]) {
1195 				case '%':
1196 					total_percent += size;
1197 					break;
1198 				case 't':
1199 				case 'T':
1200 					size *= 1024ULL;
1201 					/* FALLTHROUGH */
1202 				case 'g':
1203 				case 'G':
1204 					size *= 1024ULL;
1205 					/* FALLTHROUGH */
1206 				case 'm':
1207 				case 'M':
1208 					size *= 1024ULL;
1209 					/* FALLTHROUGH */
1210 				case 'k':
1211 				case 'K':
1212 					size *= 1024ULL;
1213 					break;
1214 				case '\0':
1215 					break;
1216 				default:
1217 					warnx("unknown multiplier suffix '%c' for partition %c (should be K, M, G or T)",
1218 					    part_size_type[i], i + 'a');
1219 					break;
1220 				}
1221 				/* don't count %'s yet */
1222 				if (part_size_type[i] != '%') {
1223 					/*
1224 					 * for all not in sectors, convert to
1225 					 * sectors
1226 					 */
1227 					if (part_size_type[i] != '\0') {
1228 						if (size % lp->d_secsize != 0)
1229 							warnx("partition %c not an integer number of sectors",
1230 							    i + 'a');
1231 						size /= lp->d_secsize;
1232 						pp->p_size = size;
1233 					}
1234 				}
1235 			}
1236 		}
1237 	}
1238 
1239 	/* Find out the total free space, excluding the boot block area. */
1240 	base_offset = BBSIZE / secsize;
1241 	free_space = 0;
1242 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
1243 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1244 		if (!part_set[i] || i == RAW_PART ||
1245 		    part_size_type[i] == '%' || part_size_type[i] == '*')
1246 			continue;
1247 		if (pp->p_offset > base_offset)
1248 			free_space += pp->p_offset - base_offset;
1249 		if (pp->p_offset + pp->p_size > base_offset)
1250 			base_offset = pp->p_offset + pp->p_size;
1251 	}
1252 	if (base_offset < lp->d_secperunit)
1253 		free_space += lp->d_secperunit - base_offset;
1254 
1255 	/* handle % partitions - note %'s don't need to add up to 100! */
1256 	if (total_percent != 0) {
1257 		if (total_percent > 100) {
1258 			fprintf(stderr,"total percentage %lu is greater than 100\n",
1259 			    total_percent);
1260 			errors++;
1261 		}
1262 
1263 		if (free_space > 0) {
1264 			for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
1265 				pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1266 				if (part_set[i] && part_size_type[i] == '%') {
1267 					/* careful of overflows! and integer roundoff */
1268 					pp->p_size = ((double)pp->p_size/100) * free_space;
1269 
1270 					/* FIX we can lose a sector or so due to roundoff per
1271 					   partition.  A more complex algorithm could avoid that */
1272 				}
1273 			}
1274 		} else {
1275 			fprintf(stderr,
1276 			    "%ld sectors available to give to '*' and '%%' partitions\n",
1277 			    free_space);
1278 			errors++;
1279 			/* fix?  set all % partitions to size 0? */
1280 		}
1281 	}
1282 	/* give anything remaining to the hog partition */
1283 	if (hog_part != -1) {
1284 		/*
1285 		 * Find the range of offsets usable by '*' partitions around
1286 		 * the hog partition and how much space they need.
1287 		 */
1288 		needed = 0;
1289 		base_offset = BBSIZE / secsize;
1290 		for (i = hog_part - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1291 			pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1292 			if (!part_set[i] || i == RAW_PART)
1293 				continue;
1294 			if (part_offset_type[i] == '*') {
1295 				needed += pp->p_size;
1296 				continue;
1297 			}
1298 			base_offset = pp->p_offset + pp->p_size;
1299 			break;
1300 		}
1301 		current_offset = lp->d_secperunit;
1302 		for (i = lp->d_npartitions - 1; i > hog_part; i--) {
1303 			pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1304 			if (!part_set[i] || i == RAW_PART)
1305 				continue;
1306 			if (part_offset_type[i] == '*') {
1307 				needed += pp->p_size;
1308 				continue;
1309 			}
1310 			current_offset = pp->p_offset;
1311 		}
1312 
1313 		if (current_offset - base_offset <= needed) {
1314 			fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find space for partition %c\n",
1315 			    hog_part + 'a');
1316 			fprintf(stderr,
1317 			    "Need more than %lu sectors between %lu and %lu\n",
1318 			    needed, base_offset, current_offset);
1319 			errors++;
1320 			lp->d_partitions[hog_part].p_size = 0;
1321 		} else {
1322 			lp->d_partitions[hog_part].p_size = current_offset -
1323 			    base_offset - needed;
1324 		}
1325 	}
1326 
1327 	/* Now set the offsets for each partition */
1328 	current_offset = BBSIZE / secsize; /* in sectors */
1329 	seen_default_offset = 0;
1330 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
1331 		part = 'a' + i;
1332 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1333 		if (part_set[i]) {
1334 			if (part_offset_type[i] == '*') {
1335 				if (i == RAW_PART) {
1336 					pp->p_offset = 0;
1337 				} else {
1338 					pp->p_offset = current_offset;
1339 					seen_default_offset = 1;
1340 				}
1341 			} else {
1342 				/* allow them to be out of order for old-style tables */
1343 				if (pp->p_offset < current_offset &&
1344 				    seen_default_offset && i != RAW_PART &&
1345 				    pp->p_fstype != FS_VINUM) {
1346 					fprintf(stderr,
1347 "Offset %ld for partition %c overlaps previous partition which ends at %lu\n",
1348 					    (long)pp->p_offset,i+'a',current_offset);
1349 					fprintf(stderr,
1350 "Labels with any *'s for offset must be in ascending order by sector\n");
1351 					errors++;
1352 				} else if (pp->p_offset != current_offset &&
1353 				    i != RAW_PART && seen_default_offset) {
1354 					/*
1355 					 * this may give unneeded warnings if
1356 					 * partitions are out-of-order
1357 					 */
1358 					warnx(
1359 "Offset %ld for partition %c doesn't match expected value %ld",
1360 					    (long)pp->p_offset, i + 'a', current_offset);
1361 				}
1362 			}
1363 			if (i != RAW_PART)
1364 				current_offset = pp->p_offset + pp->p_size;
1365 		}
1366 	}
1367 
1368 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
1369 		part = 'a' + i;
1370 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1371 		if (pp->p_size == 0 && pp->p_offset != 0)
1372 			warnx("partition %c: size 0, but offset %lu",
1373 			    part, (u_long)pp->p_offset);
1374 #ifdef notdef
1375 		if (pp->p_size % lp->d_secpercyl)
1376 			warnx("partition %c: size %% cylinder-size != 0",
1377 			    part);
1378 		if (pp->p_offset % lp->d_secpercyl)
1379 			warnx("partition %c: offset %% cylinder-size != 0",
1380 			    part);
1381 #endif
1382 		if (pp->p_offset > lp->d_secperunit) {
1383 			fprintf(stderr,
1384 			    "partition %c: offset past end of unit\n", part);
1385 			errors++;
1386 		}
1387 		if (pp->p_offset + pp->p_size > lp->d_secperunit) {
1388 			fprintf(stderr,
1389 			"partition %c: partition extends past end of unit\n",
1390 			    part);
1391 			errors++;
1392 		}
1393 		if (i == RAW_PART) {
1394 			if (pp->p_fstype != FS_UNUSED)
1395 				warnx("partition %c is not marked as unused!",part);
1396 			if (pp->p_offset != 0)
1397 				warnx("partition %c doesn't start at 0!",part);
1398 			if (pp->p_size != lp->d_secperunit)
1399 				warnx("partition %c doesn't cover the whole unit!",part);
1400 
1401 			if ((pp->p_fstype != FS_UNUSED) || (pp->p_offset != 0) ||
1402 			    (pp->p_size != lp->d_secperunit)) {
1403 				warnx("An incorrect partition %c may cause problems for "
1404 				    "standard system utilities",part);
1405 			}
1406 		}
1407 
1408 		/* check for overlaps */
1409 		/* this will check for all possible overlaps once and only once */
1410 		for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
1411 			pp2 = &lp->d_partitions[j];
1412 			if (j != RAW_PART && i != RAW_PART &&
1413 			    pp->p_fstype != FS_VINUM &&
1414 			    pp2->p_fstype != FS_VINUM &&
1415 			    part_set[i] && part_set[j]) {
1416 				if (pp2->p_offset < pp->p_offset + pp->p_size &&
1417 				    (pp2->p_offset + pp2->p_size > pp->p_offset ||
1418 					pp2->p_offset >= pp->p_offset)) {
1419 					fprintf(stderr,"partitions %c and %c overlap!\n",
1420 					    j + 'a', i + 'a');
1421 					errors++;
1422 				}
1423 			}
1424 		}
1425 	}
1426 	for (; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
1427 		part = 'a' + i;
1428 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1429 		if (pp->p_size || pp->p_offset)
1430 			warnx("unused partition %c: size %d offset %lu",
1431 			    'a' + i, pp->p_size, (u_long)pp->p_offset);
1432 	}
1433 	return (errors);
1434 }
1435 
1436 /*
1437  * When operating on a "virgin" disk, try getting an initial label
1438  * from the associated device driver.  This might work for all device
1439  * drivers that are able to fetch some initial device parameters
1440  * without even having access to a (BSD) disklabel, like SCSI disks,
1441  * most IDE drives, or vn devices.
1442  *
1443  * The device name must be given in its "canonical" form.
1444  */
1445 static struct disklabel *
1446 getvirginlabel(void)
1447 {
1448 	static struct disklabel loclab;
1449 	struct partition *dp;
1450 	int f;
1451 	u_int u;
1452 
1453 	if ((f = open(specname, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
1454 		warn("cannot open %s", specname);
1455 		return (NULL);
1456 	}
1457 
1458 	if (is_file)
1459 		get_file_parms(f);
1460 	else {
1461 		mediasize = g_mediasize(f);
1462 		secsize = g_sectorsize(f);
1463 		if (secsize < 0 || mediasize < 0) {
1464 			close (f);
1465 			return (NULL);
1466 		}
1467 	}
1468 	memset(&loclab, 0, sizeof loclab);
1469 	loclab.d_magic = DISKMAGIC;
1470 	loclab.d_magic2 = DISKMAGIC;
1471 	loclab.d_secsize = secsize;
1472 	loclab.d_secperunit = mediasize / secsize;
1473 
1474 	/*
1475 	 * Nobody in these enlightened days uses the CHS geometry for
1476 	 * anything, but nonetheless try to get it right.  If we fail
1477 	 * to get any good ideas from the device, construct something
1478 	 * which is IBM-PC friendly.
1479 	 */
1480 	if (ioctl(f, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &u) == 0)
1481 		loclab.d_nsectors = u;
1482 	else
1483 		loclab.d_nsectors = 63;
1484 	if (ioctl(f, DIOCGFWHEADS, &u) == 0)
1485 		loclab.d_ntracks = u;
1486 	else if (loclab.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
1487 		loclab.d_ntracks = 1;
1488 	else if (loclab.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
1489 		loclab.d_ntracks = 16;
1490 	else
1491 		loclab.d_ntracks = 255;
1492 	loclab.d_secpercyl = loclab.d_ntracks * loclab.d_nsectors;
1493 	loclab.d_ncylinders = loclab.d_secperunit / loclab.d_secpercyl;
1494 	loclab.d_npartitions = DEFPARTITIONS;
1495 
1496 	/* Various (unneeded) compat stuff */
1497 	loclab.d_rpm = 3600;
1498 	loclab.d_bbsize = BBSIZE;
1499 	loclab.d_interleave = 1;
1500 	strncpy(loclab.d_typename, "amnesiac",
1501 	    sizeof(loclab.d_typename));
1502 
1503 	dp = &loclab.d_partitions[RAW_PART];
1504 	dp->p_size = loclab.d_secperunit;
1505 	loclab.d_checksum = dkcksum(&loclab);
1506 	close (f);
1507 	return (&loclab);
1508 }
1509 
1510 static void
1511 usage(void)
1512 {
1513 
1514 	fprintf(stderr,
1515 	"%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1516 	"usage: bsdlabel disk",
1517 	"\t\t(to read label)",
1518 	"	bsdlabel -w [-n] [-m machine] disk [type]",
1519 	"\t\t(to write label with existing boot program)",
1520 	"	bsdlabel -e [-n] [-m machine] disk",
1521 	"\t\t(to edit label)",
1522 	"	bsdlabel -R [-n] [-m machine] disk protofile",
1523 	"\t\t(to restore label with existing boot program)",
1524 	"	bsdlabel -B [-b boot] [-m machine] disk",
1525 	"\t\t(to install boot program with existing on-disk label)",
1526 	"	bsdlabel -w -B [-n] [-b boot] [-m machine] disk [type]",
1527 	"\t\t(to write label and install boot program)",
1528 	"	bsdlabel -R -B [-n] [-b boot] [-m machine] disk protofile",
1529 		"\t\t(to restore label and install boot program)"
1530 	);
1531 	exit(1);
1532 }
1533