xref: /freebsd/libexec/rtld-elf/rtld.h (revision 390dc369efaaeca2802baf168ddbd7a40e3afcc8)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 John D. Polstra.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #ifndef RTLD_H /* { */
29 #define RTLD_H 1
30 
31 #include <machine/elf.h>
32 #include <sys/types.h>
33 #include <sys/queue.h>
34 
35 #include <elf-hints.h>
36 #include <link.h>
37 #include <stdarg.h>
38 #include <stdbool.h>
39 #include <setjmp.h>
40 #include <stddef.h>
41 
42 #include "rtld_lock.h"
43 #include "rtld_machdep.h"
44 
45 #define NEW(type)	((type *) xmalloc(sizeof(type)))
46 #define CNEW(type)	((type *) xcalloc(1, sizeof(type)))
47 
48 extern size_t tls_last_offset;
49 extern size_t tls_last_size;
50 extern size_t tls_static_space;
51 extern Elf_Addr tls_dtv_generation;
52 extern int tls_max_index;
53 extern size_t ld_static_tls_extra;
54 
55 extern int npagesizes;
56 extern size_t *pagesizes;
57 extern size_t page_size;
58 
59 extern int main_argc;
60 extern char **main_argv;
61 extern char **environ;
62 
63 struct stat;
64 struct Struct_Obj_Entry;
65 
66 /* Lists of shared objects */
67 typedef struct Struct_Objlist_Entry {
68     STAILQ_ENTRY(Struct_Objlist_Entry) link;
69     struct Struct_Obj_Entry *obj;
70 } Objlist_Entry;
71 
72 typedef STAILQ_HEAD(Struct_Objlist, Struct_Objlist_Entry) Objlist;
73 
74 /* Types of init and fini functions */
75 typedef void (*InitFunc)(void);
76 typedef void (*InitArrFunc)(int, char **, char **);
77 
78 /* Lists of shared object dependencies */
79 typedef struct Struct_Needed_Entry {
80     struct Struct_Needed_Entry *next;
81     struct Struct_Obj_Entry *obj;
82     unsigned long name;		/* Offset of name in string table */
83 } Needed_Entry;
84 
85 typedef struct Struct_Name_Entry {
86     STAILQ_ENTRY(Struct_Name_Entry) link;
87     char   name[1];
88 } Name_Entry;
89 
90 /* Lock object */
91 typedef struct Struct_LockInfo {
92     void *context;		/* Client context for creating locks */
93     void *thelock;		/* The one big lock */
94     /* Debugging aids. */
95     volatile int rcount;	/* Number of readers holding lock */
96     volatile int wcount;	/* Number of writers holding lock */
97     /* Methods */
98     void *(*lock_create)(void *context);
99     void (*rlock_acquire)(void *lock);
100     void (*wlock_acquire)(void *lock);
101     void (*rlock_release)(void *lock);
102     void (*wlock_release)(void *lock);
103     void (*lock_destroy)(void *lock);
104     void (*context_destroy)(void *context);
105 } LockInfo;
106 
107 typedef struct Struct_Ver_Entry {
108 	Elf_Word     hash;
109 	unsigned int flags;
110 	const char  *name;
111 	const char  *file;
112 } Ver_Entry;
113 
114 typedef struct Struct_Sym_Match_Result {
115     const Elf_Sym *sym_out;
116     const Elf_Sym *vsymp;
117     int vcount;
118 } Sym_Match_Result;
119 
120 #define VER_INFO_HIDDEN	0x01
121 
122 /*
123  * Shared object descriptor.
124  *
125  * Items marked with "(%)" are dynamically allocated, and must be freed
126  * when the structure is destroyed.
127  *
128  * CAUTION: It appears that the JDK port peeks into these structures.
129  * It looks at "next" and "mapbase" at least.  Don't add new members
130  * near the front, until this can be straightened out.
131  */
132 typedef struct Struct_Obj_Entry {
133     /*
134      * These two items have to be set right for compatibility with the
135      * original ElfKit crt1.o.
136      */
137     Elf_Size magic;		/* Magic number (sanity check) */
138     Elf_Size version;		/* Version number of struct format */
139 
140     TAILQ_ENTRY(Struct_Obj_Entry) next;
141     char *path;			/* Pathname of underlying file (%) */
142     char *origin_path;		/* Directory path of origin file */
143     int refcount;		/* DAG references */
144     int holdcount;		/* Count of transient references */
145     int dl_refcount;		/* Number of times loaded by dlopen */
146 
147     /* These items are computed by map_object() or by digest_phdr(). */
148     caddr_t mapbase;		/* Base address of mapped region */
149     size_t mapsize;		/* Size of mapped region in bytes */
150     Elf_Addr vaddrbase;		/* Base address in shared object file */
151     caddr_t relocbase;		/* Relocation constant = mapbase - vaddrbase */
152     const Elf_Dyn *dynamic;	/* Dynamic section */
153     caddr_t entry;		/* Entry point */
154     const Elf_Phdr *phdr;	/* Program header if it is mapped, else NULL */
155     size_t phsize;		/* Size of program header in bytes */
156     const char *interp;		/* Pathname of the interpreter, if any */
157     Elf_Word stack_flags;
158 
159     /* TLS information */
160     int tlsindex;		/* Index in DTV for this module */
161     void *tlsinit;		/* Base address of TLS init block */
162     size_t tlsinitsize;		/* Size of TLS init block for this module */
163     size_t tlssize;		/* Size of TLS block for this module */
164     size_t tlsoffset;		/* Offset of static TLS block for this module */
165     size_t tlsalign;		/* Alignment of static TLS block */
166     size_t tlspoffset;		/* p_offset of the static TLS block */
167 
168     caddr_t relro_page;
169     size_t relro_size;
170 
171     /* Items from the dynamic section. */
172     Elf_Addr *pltgot;		/* PLT or GOT, depending on architecture */
173     const Elf_Rel *rel;		/* Relocation entries */
174     unsigned long relsize;	/* Size in bytes of relocation info */
175     const Elf_Rela *rela;	/* Relocation entries with addend */
176     unsigned long relasize;	/* Size in bytes of addend relocation info */
177     const Elf_Relr *relr;	/* RELR relocation entries */
178     unsigned long relrsize;	/* Size in bytes of RELR relocations */
179     const Elf_Rel *pltrel;	/* PLT relocation entries */
180     unsigned long pltrelsize;	/* Size in bytes of PLT relocation info */
181     const Elf_Rela *pltrela;	/* PLT relocation entries with addend */
182     unsigned long pltrelasize;	/* Size in bytes of PLT addend reloc info */
183     const Elf_Sym *symtab;	/* Symbol table */
184     const char *strtab;		/* String table */
185     unsigned long strsize;	/* Size in bytes of string table */
186 
187     const Elf_Verneed *verneed; /* Required versions. */
188     Elf_Word verneednum;	/* Number of entries in verneed table */
189     const Elf_Verdef  *verdef;	/* Provided versions. */
190     Elf_Word verdefnum;		/* Number of entries in verdef table */
191     const Elf_Versym *versyms;  /* Symbol versions table */
192 
193     const Elf_Hashelt *buckets;	/* Hash table buckets array */
194     unsigned long nbuckets;	/* Number of buckets */
195     const Elf_Hashelt *chains;	/* Hash table chain array */
196     unsigned long nchains;	/* Number of entries in chain array */
197 
198     Elf32_Word nbuckets_gnu;		/* Number of GNU hash buckets*/
199     Elf32_Word symndx_gnu;		/* 1st accessible symbol on dynsym table */
200     Elf32_Word maskwords_bm_gnu;  	/* Bloom filter words - 1 (bitmask) */
201     Elf32_Word shift2_gnu;		/* Bloom filter shift count */
202     Elf32_Word dynsymcount;		/* Total entries in dynsym table */
203     const Elf_Addr *bloom_gnu;		/* Bloom filter used by GNU hash func */
204     const Elf_Hashelt *buckets_gnu;	/* GNU hash table bucket array */
205     const Elf_Hashelt *chain_zero_gnu;	/* GNU hash table value array (Zeroed) */
206 
207     const char *rpath;		/* Search path specified in object */
208     const char *runpath;	/* Search path with different priority */
209     Needed_Entry *needed;	/* Shared objects needed by this one (%) */
210     Needed_Entry *needed_filtees;
211     Needed_Entry *needed_aux_filtees;
212 
213     STAILQ_HEAD(, Struct_Name_Entry) names; /* List of names for this object we
214 					       know about. */
215     Ver_Entry *vertab;		/* Versions required /defined by this object */
216     int vernum;			/* Number of entries in vertab */
217 
218     Elf_Addr init;		/* Initialization function to call */
219     Elf_Addr fini;		/* Termination function to call */
220     Elf_Addr preinit_array;	/* Pre-initialization array of functions */
221     Elf_Addr init_array;	/* Initialization array of functions */
222     Elf_Addr fini_array;	/* Termination array of functions */
223     int preinit_array_num;	/* Number of entries in preinit_array */
224     int init_array_num; 	/* Number of entries in init_array */
225     int fini_array_num; 	/* Number of entries in fini_array */
226 
227     int32_t osrel;		/* OSREL note value */
228     uint32_t fctl0;		/* FEATURE_CONTROL note desc[0] value */
229 
230     bool mainprog : 1;		/* True if this is the main program */
231     bool rtld : 1;		/* True if this is the dynamic linker */
232     bool relocated : 1;		/* True if processed by relocate_objects() */
233     bool ver_checked : 1;	/* True if processed by rtld_verify_object_versions */
234     bool textrel : 1;		/* True if there are relocations to text seg */
235     bool symbolic : 1;		/* True if generated with "-Bsymbolic" */
236     bool deepbind : 1;		/* True if loaded with RTLD_DEEPBIND" */
237     bool bind_now : 1;		/* True if all relocations should be made first */
238     bool traced : 1;		/* Already printed in ldd trace output */
239     bool jmpslots_done : 1;	/* Already have relocated the jump slots */
240     bool init_done : 1;		/* Already have added object to init list */
241     bool tls_static : 1;	/* Already allocated offset for static TLS */
242     bool tls_dynamic : 1;	/* A non-static DTV entry has been allocated */
243     bool phdr_alloc : 1;	/* Phdr is allocated and needs to be freed. */
244     bool z_origin : 1;		/* Process rpath and soname tokens */
245     bool z_nodelete : 1;	/* Do not unload the object and dependencies */
246     bool z_noopen : 1;		/* Do not load on dlopen */
247     bool z_loadfltr : 1;	/* Immediately load filtees */
248     bool z_interpose : 1;	/* Interpose all objects but main */
249     bool z_nodeflib : 1;	/* Don't search default library path */
250     bool z_global : 1;		/* Make the object global */
251     bool z_pie : 1;		/* Object proclaimed itself PIE executable */
252     bool static_tls : 1;	/* Needs static TLS allocation */
253     bool static_tls_copied : 1;	/* Needs static TLS copying */
254     bool ref_nodel : 1;		/* Refcount increased to prevent dlclose */
255     bool init_scanned: 1;	/* Object is already on init list. */
256     bool on_fini_list: 1;	/* Object is already on fini list. */
257     bool dag_inited : 1;	/* Object has its DAG initialized. */
258     bool filtees_loaded : 1;	/* Filtees loaded */
259     bool filtees_loading : 1;	/* In process of filtees loading */
260     bool irelative : 1;		/* Object has R_MACHDEP_IRELATIVE relocs */
261     bool irelative_nonplt : 1;	/* Object has R_MACHDEP_IRELATIVE non-plt relocs */
262     bool gnu_ifunc : 1;		/* Object has references to STT_GNU_IFUNC */
263     bool non_plt_gnu_ifunc : 1;	/* Object has non-plt IFUNC references */
264     bool ifuncs_resolved : 1;	/* Object ifuncs were already resolved */
265     bool crt_no_init : 1;	/* Object' crt does not call _init/_fini */
266     bool valid_hash_sysv : 1;	/* A valid System V hash hash tag is available */
267     bool valid_hash_gnu : 1;	/* A valid GNU hash tag is available */
268     bool dlopened : 1;		/* dlopen()-ed (vs. load statically) */
269     bool marker : 1;		/* marker on the global obj list */
270     bool unholdfree : 1;	/* unmap upon last unhold */
271     bool doomed : 1;		/* Object cannot be referenced */
272 
273     MD_OBJ_ENTRY;
274 
275     struct link_map linkmap;	/* For GDB and dlinfo() */
276     Objlist dldags;		/* Object belongs to these dlopened DAGs (%) */
277     Objlist dagmembers;		/* DAG has these members (%) */
278     dev_t dev;			/* Object's filesystem's device */
279     ino_t ino;			/* Object's inode number */
280     void *priv;			/* Platform-dependent */
281 } Obj_Entry;
282 
283 #define RTLD_MAGIC	0xd550b87a
284 #define RTLD_VERSION	1
285 
286 TAILQ_HEAD(obj_entry_q, Struct_Obj_Entry);
287 
288 #define RTLD_STATIC_TLS_EXTRA	128
289 
290 /* Flags to be passed into symlook_ family of functions. */
291 #define SYMLOOK_IN_PLT	0x01	/* Lookup for PLT symbol */
292 #define SYMLOOK_DLSYM	0x02	/* Return newest versioned symbol. Used by
293 				   dlsym. */
294 #define	SYMLOOK_EARLY	0x04	/* Symlook is done during initialization. */
295 #define	SYMLOOK_IFUNC	0x08	/* Allow IFUNC processing in
296 				   reloc_non_plt(). */
297 
298 /* Flags for load_object(). */
299 #define	RTLD_LO_NOLOAD	0x01	/* dlopen() specified RTLD_NOLOAD. */
300 #define	RTLD_LO_DLOPEN	0x02	/* Load_object() called from dlopen(). */
301 #define	RTLD_LO_TRACE	0x04	/* Only tracing. */
302 #define	RTLD_LO_NODELETE 0x08	/* Loaded object cannot be closed. */
303 #define	RTLD_LO_FILTEES 0x10	/* Loading filtee. */
304 #define	RTLD_LO_EARLY	0x20	/* Do not call ctors, postpone it to the
305 				   initialization during the image start. */
306 #define	RTLD_LO_IGNSTLS 0x40	/* Do not allocate static TLS */
307 #define	RTLD_LO_DEEPBIND 0x80	/* Force symbolic for this object */
308 
309 /*
310  * Symbol cache entry used during relocation to avoid multiple lookups
311  * of the same symbol.
312  */
313 typedef struct Struct_SymCache {
314     const Elf_Sym *sym;		/* Symbol table entry */
315     const Obj_Entry *obj;	/* Shared object which defines it */
316 } SymCache;
317 
318 /*
319  * This structure provides a reentrant way to keep a list of objects and
320  * check which ones have already been processed in some way.
321  */
322 typedef struct Struct_DoneList {
323     const Obj_Entry **objs;		/* Array of object pointers */
324     unsigned int num_alloc;		/* Allocated size of the array */
325     unsigned int num_used;		/* Number of array slots used */
326 } DoneList;
327 
328 struct Struct_RtldLockState {
329 	int lockstate;
330 	sigjmp_buf env;
331 };
332 
333 struct fill_search_info_args {
334 	int request;
335 	unsigned int flags;
336 	struct dl_serinfo *serinfo;
337 	struct dl_serpath *serpath;
338 	char *strspace;
339 };
340 
341 /*
342  * The pack of arguments and results for the symbol lookup functions.
343  */
344 typedef struct Struct_SymLook {
345     const char *name;
346     unsigned long hash;
347     uint32_t hash_gnu;
348     const Ver_Entry *ventry;
349     int flags;
350     const Obj_Entry *defobj_out;
351     const Elf_Sym *sym_out;
352     struct Struct_RtldLockState *lockstate;
353 } SymLook;
354 
355 enum {
356 	LD_BIND_NOW = 0,
357 	LD_PRELOAD,
358 	LD_LIBMAP,
359 	LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
360 	LD_LIBRARY_PATH_FDS,
361 	LD_LIBMAP_DISABLE,
362 	LD_BIND_NOT,
363 	LD_DEBUG,
364 	LD_ELF_HINTS_PATH,
365 	LD_LOADFLTR,
366 	LD_LIBRARY_PATH_RPATH,
367 	LD_PRELOAD_FDS,
368 	LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK,
369 	LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS,
370 	LD_UTRACE,
371 	LD_DUMP_REL_PRE,
372 	LD_DUMP_REL_POST,
373 	LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_PROGNAME,
374 	LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT1,
375 	LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT2,
376 	LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL,
377 	LD_SHOW_AUXV,
378 	LD_STATIC_TLS_EXTRA,
379 	LD_NO_DL_ITERATE_PHDR_AFTER_FORK,
380 };
381 
382 void _rtld_error(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2) __exported;
383 void rtld_die(void) __dead2;
384 const char *rtld_strerror(int);
385 Obj_Entry *map_object(int, const char *, const struct stat *);
386 void *xcalloc(size_t, size_t);
387 void *xmalloc(size_t);
388 char *xstrdup(const char *);
389 void *xmalloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t align, size_t offset);
390 extern Elf_Addr _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_[];
391 extern Elf_Sym sym_zero;	/* For resolving undefined weak refs. */
392 extern bool ld_bind_not;
393 extern bool ld_fast_sigblock;
394 
395 void dump_relocations(Obj_Entry *);
396 void dump_obj_relocations(Obj_Entry *);
397 void dump_Elf_Rel(Obj_Entry *, const Elf_Rel *, u_long);
398 void dump_Elf_Rela(Obj_Entry *, const Elf_Rela *, u_long);
399 
400 /*
401  * Function declarations.
402  */
403 const char *ld_get_env_var(int idx);
404 uintptr_t rtld_round_page(uintptr_t);
405 uintptr_t rtld_trunc_page(uintptr_t);
406 Elf32_Word elf_hash(const char *);
407 const Elf_Sym *find_symdef(unsigned long, const Obj_Entry *,
408   const Obj_Entry **, int, SymCache *, struct Struct_RtldLockState *);
409 void lockdflt_init(void);
410 void digest_notes(Obj_Entry *, Elf_Addr, Elf_Addr);
411 Obj_Entry *globallist_curr(const Obj_Entry *obj);
412 Obj_Entry *globallist_next(const Obj_Entry *obj);
413 void obj_free(Obj_Entry *);
414 Obj_Entry *obj_new(void);
415 Obj_Entry *obj_from_addr(const void *);
416 void _rtld_bind_start(void);
417 void *rtld_resolve_ifunc(const Obj_Entry *obj, const Elf_Sym *def);
418 void symlook_init(SymLook *, const char *);
419 int symlook_obj(SymLook *, const Obj_Entry *);
420 void *tls_get_addr_common(uintptr_t **dtvp, int index, size_t offset);
421 void *allocate_tls(Obj_Entry *, void *, size_t, size_t);
422 void free_tls(void *, size_t, size_t);
423 void *allocate_module_tls(int index);
424 bool allocate_tls_offset(Obj_Entry *obj);
425 void free_tls_offset(Obj_Entry *obj);
426 const Ver_Entry *fetch_ventry(const Obj_Entry *obj, unsigned long);
427 int convert_prot(int elfflags);
428 bool check_elf_headers(const Elf_Ehdr *hdr, const char *path);
429 
430 /*
431  * MD function declarations.
432  */
433 int do_copy_relocations(Obj_Entry *);
434 int reloc_non_plt(Obj_Entry *, Obj_Entry *, int flags,
435     struct Struct_RtldLockState *);
436 int reloc_plt(Obj_Entry *, int flags, struct Struct_RtldLockState *);
437 int reloc_jmpslots(Obj_Entry *, int flags, struct Struct_RtldLockState *);
438 int reloc_iresolve(Obj_Entry *, struct Struct_RtldLockState *);
439 int reloc_iresolve_nonplt(Obj_Entry *, struct Struct_RtldLockState *);
440 int reloc_gnu_ifunc(Obj_Entry *, int flags, struct Struct_RtldLockState *);
441 void ifunc_init(Elf_Auxinfo *[__min_size(AT_COUNT)]);
442 void init_pltgot(Obj_Entry *);
443 void allocate_initial_tls(Obj_Entry *);
444 
445 #endif /* } */
446