xref: /freebsd/libexec/rtld-elf/rtld.c (revision b601c69bdbe8755d26570261d7fd4c02ee4eff74)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 John D. Polstra.
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
16  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
17  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
18  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
19  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
20  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
21  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
22  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
23  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
24  *
25  * $FreeBSD$
26  */
27 
28 /*
29  * Dynamic linker for ELF.
30  *
31  * John Polstra <jdp@polstra.com>.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef __GNUC__
35 #error "GCC is needed to compile this file"
36 #endif
37 
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <sys/mman.h>
40 #include <sys/stat.h>
41 
42 #include <dlfcn.h>
43 #include <err.h>
44 #include <errno.h>
45 #include <fcntl.h>
46 #include <stdarg.h>
47 #include <stdio.h>
48 #include <stdlib.h>
49 #include <string.h>
50 #include <unistd.h>
51 
52 #include "debug.h"
53 #include "rtld.h"
54 
55 #define END_SYM		"_end"
56 #define PATH_RTLD	"/usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1"
57 
58 /* Types. */
59 typedef void (*func_ptr_type)();
60 
61 /*
62  * This structure provides a reentrant way to keep a list of objects and
63  * check which ones have already been processed in some way.
64  */
65 typedef struct Struct_DoneList {
66     Obj_Entry **objs;			/* Array of object pointers */
67     unsigned int num_alloc;		/* Allocated size of the array */
68     unsigned int num_used;		/* Number of array slots used */
69 } DoneList;
70 
71 /*
72  * Function declarations.
73  */
74 static const char *basename(const char *);
75 static void die(void);
76 static void digest_dynamic(Obj_Entry *);
77 static Obj_Entry *digest_phdr(const Elf_Phdr *, int, caddr_t, const char *);
78 static Obj_Entry *dlcheck(void *);
79 static bool donelist_check(DoneList *, Obj_Entry *);
80 static char *find_library(const char *, const Obj_Entry *);
81 static void funclist_call(Funclist *);
82 static void funclist_clear(Funclist *);
83 static void funclist_init(Funclist *);
84 static void funclist_push_head(Funclist *, InitFunc);
85 static void funclist_push_tail(Funclist *, InitFunc);
86 static const char *gethints(void);
87 static void init_dag(Obj_Entry *);
88 static void init_dag1(Obj_Entry *root, Obj_Entry *obj, DoneList *);
89 static void init_rtld(caddr_t);
90 static bool is_exported(const Elf_Sym *);
91 static void linkmap_add(Obj_Entry *);
92 static void linkmap_delete(Obj_Entry *);
93 static int load_needed_objects(Obj_Entry *);
94 static int load_preload_objects(void);
95 static Obj_Entry *load_object(char *);
96 static void lock_check(void);
97 static Obj_Entry *obj_from_addr(const void *);
98 static void objlist_add(Objlist *, Obj_Entry *);
99 static Objlist_Entry *objlist_find(Objlist *, const Obj_Entry *);
100 static void objlist_remove(Objlist *, Obj_Entry *);
101 static int relocate_objects(Obj_Entry *, bool);
102 static void rtld_exit(void);
103 static char *search_library_path(const char *, const char *);
104 static void set_program_var(const char *, const void *);
105 static const Elf_Sym *symlook_list(const char *, unsigned long,
106   Objlist *, const Obj_Entry **, bool in_plt, DoneList *);
107 static void trace_loaded_objects(Obj_Entry *obj);
108 static void unload_object(Obj_Entry *);
109 static void unref_dag(Obj_Entry *);
110 
111 void r_debug_state(void);
112 void xprintf(const char *, ...);
113 
114 /*
115  * Data declarations.
116  */
117 static char *error_message;	/* Message for dlerror(), or NULL */
118 struct r_debug r_debug;	/* for GDB; */
119 static bool trust;		/* False for setuid and setgid programs */
120 static char *ld_bind_now;	/* Environment variable for immediate binding */
121 static char *ld_debug;		/* Environment variable for debugging */
122 static char *ld_library_path;	/* Environment variable for search path */
123 static char *ld_preload;	/* Environment variable for libraries to
124 				   load first */
125 static char *ld_tracing;	/* Called from ldd to print libs */
126 static Obj_Entry *obj_list;	/* Head of linked list of shared objects */
127 static Obj_Entry **obj_tail;	/* Link field of last object in list */
128 static Obj_Entry *obj_main;	/* The main program shared object */
129 static Obj_Entry obj_rtld;	/* The dynamic linker shared object */
130 static unsigned int obj_count;	/* Number of objects in obj_list */
131 
132 static Objlist list_global =	/* Objects dlopened with RTLD_GLOBAL */
133   STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(list_global);
134 static Objlist list_main =	/* Objects loaded at program startup */
135   STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(list_main);
136 
137 static LockInfo lockinfo;
138 
139 static Elf_Sym sym_zero;	/* For resolving undefined weak refs. */
140 
141 #define GDB_STATE(s)	r_debug.r_state = s; r_debug_state();
142 
143 extern Elf_Dyn _DYNAMIC;
144 #pragma weak _DYNAMIC
145 
146 /*
147  * These are the functions the dynamic linker exports to application
148  * programs.  They are the only symbols the dynamic linker is willing
149  * to export from itself.
150  */
151 static func_ptr_type exports[] = {
152     (func_ptr_type) &_rtld_error,
153     (func_ptr_type) &dlclose,
154     (func_ptr_type) &dlerror,
155     (func_ptr_type) &dlopen,
156     (func_ptr_type) &dlsym,
157     (func_ptr_type) &dladdr,
158     (func_ptr_type) &dllockinit,
159     NULL
160 };
161 
162 /*
163  * Global declarations normally provided by crt1.  The dynamic linker is
164  * not built with crt1, so we have to provide them ourselves.
165  */
166 char *__progname;
167 char **environ;
168 
169 /*
170  * Fill in a DoneList with an allocation large enough to hold all of
171  * the currently-loaded objects.  Keep this as a macro since it calls
172  * alloca and we want that to occur within the scope of the caller.
173  */
174 #define donelist_init(dlp)					\
175     ((dlp)->objs = alloca(obj_count * sizeof (dlp)->objs[0]),	\
176     assert((dlp)->objs != NULL),				\
177     (dlp)->num_alloc = obj_count,				\
178     (dlp)->num_used = 0)
179 
180 static __inline void
181 rlock_acquire(void)
182 {
183     lockinfo.rlock_acquire(lockinfo.thelock);
184     atomic_incr_int(&lockinfo.rcount);
185     lock_check();
186 }
187 
188 static __inline void
189 wlock_acquire(void)
190 {
191     lockinfo.wlock_acquire(lockinfo.thelock);
192     atomic_incr_int(&lockinfo.wcount);
193     lock_check();
194 }
195 
196 static __inline void
197 rlock_release(void)
198 {
199     atomic_decr_int(&lockinfo.rcount);
200     lockinfo.rlock_release(lockinfo.thelock);
201 }
202 
203 static __inline void
204 wlock_release(void)
205 {
206     atomic_decr_int(&lockinfo.wcount);
207     lockinfo.wlock_release(lockinfo.thelock);
208 }
209 
210 /*
211  * Main entry point for dynamic linking.  The first argument is the
212  * stack pointer.  The stack is expected to be laid out as described
213  * in the SVR4 ABI specification, Intel 386 Processor Supplement.
214  * Specifically, the stack pointer points to a word containing
215  * ARGC.  Following that in the stack is a null-terminated sequence
216  * of pointers to argument strings.  Then comes a null-terminated
217  * sequence of pointers to environment strings.  Finally, there is a
218  * sequence of "auxiliary vector" entries.
219  *
220  * The second argument points to a place to store the dynamic linker's
221  * exit procedure pointer and the third to a place to store the main
222  * program's object.
223  *
224  * The return value is the main program's entry point.
225  */
226 func_ptr_type
227 _rtld(Elf_Addr *sp, func_ptr_type *exit_proc, Obj_Entry **objp)
228 {
229     Elf_Auxinfo *aux_info[AT_COUNT];
230     int i;
231     int argc;
232     char **argv;
233     char **env;
234     Elf_Auxinfo *aux;
235     Elf_Auxinfo *auxp;
236     const char *argv0;
237     Obj_Entry *obj;
238     Funclist initlist;
239 
240     /*
241      * On entry, the dynamic linker itself has not been relocated yet.
242      * Be very careful not to reference any global data until after
243      * init_rtld has returned.  It is OK to reference file-scope statics
244      * and string constants, and to call static and global functions.
245      */
246 
247     /* Find the auxiliary vector on the stack. */
248     argc = *sp++;
249     argv = (char **) sp;
250     sp += argc + 1;	/* Skip over arguments and NULL terminator */
251     env = (char **) sp;
252     while (*sp++ != 0)	/* Skip over environment, and NULL terminator */
253 	;
254     aux = (Elf_Auxinfo *) sp;
255 
256     /* Digest the auxiliary vector. */
257     for (i = 0;  i < AT_COUNT;  i++)
258 	aux_info[i] = NULL;
259     for (auxp = aux;  auxp->a_type != AT_NULL;  auxp++) {
260 	if (auxp->a_type < AT_COUNT)
261 	    aux_info[auxp->a_type] = auxp;
262     }
263 
264     /* Initialize and relocate ourselves. */
265     assert(aux_info[AT_BASE] != NULL);
266     init_rtld((caddr_t) aux_info[AT_BASE]->a_un.a_ptr);
267 
268     __progname = obj_rtld.path;
269     argv0 = argv[0] != NULL ? argv[0] : "(null)";
270     environ = env;
271 
272     trust = geteuid() == getuid() && getegid() == getgid();
273 
274     ld_bind_now = getenv("LD_BIND_NOW");
275     if (trust) {
276 	ld_debug = getenv("LD_DEBUG");
277 	ld_library_path = getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH");
278 	ld_preload = getenv("LD_PRELOAD");
279     }
280     ld_tracing = getenv("LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS");
281 
282     if (ld_debug != NULL && *ld_debug != '\0')
283 	debug = 1;
284     dbg("%s is initialized, base address = %p", __progname,
285 	(caddr_t) aux_info[AT_BASE]->a_un.a_ptr);
286     dbg("RTLD dynamic = %p", obj_rtld.dynamic);
287     dbg("RTLD pltgot  = %p", obj_rtld.pltgot);
288 
289     /*
290      * Load the main program, or process its program header if it is
291      * already loaded.
292      */
293     if (aux_info[AT_EXECFD] != NULL) {	/* Load the main program. */
294 	int fd = aux_info[AT_EXECFD]->a_un.a_val;
295 	dbg("loading main program");
296 	obj_main = map_object(fd, argv0, NULL);
297 	close(fd);
298 	if (obj_main == NULL)
299 	    die();
300     } else {				/* Main program already loaded. */
301 	const Elf_Phdr *phdr;
302 	int phnum;
303 	caddr_t entry;
304 
305 	dbg("processing main program's program header");
306 	assert(aux_info[AT_PHDR] != NULL);
307 	phdr = (const Elf_Phdr *) aux_info[AT_PHDR]->a_un.a_ptr;
308 	assert(aux_info[AT_PHNUM] != NULL);
309 	phnum = aux_info[AT_PHNUM]->a_un.a_val;
310 	assert(aux_info[AT_PHENT] != NULL);
311 	assert(aux_info[AT_PHENT]->a_un.a_val == sizeof(Elf_Phdr));
312 	assert(aux_info[AT_ENTRY] != NULL);
313 	entry = (caddr_t) aux_info[AT_ENTRY]->a_un.a_ptr;
314 	if ((obj_main = digest_phdr(phdr, phnum, entry, argv0)) == NULL)
315 	    die();
316     }
317 
318     obj_main->path = xstrdup(argv0);
319     obj_main->mainprog = true;
320 
321     /*
322      * Get the actual dynamic linker pathname from the executable if
323      * possible.  (It should always be possible.)  That ensures that
324      * gdb will find the right dynamic linker even if a non-standard
325      * one is being used.
326      */
327     if (obj_main->interp != NULL &&
328       strcmp(obj_main->interp, obj_rtld.path) != 0) {
329 	free(obj_rtld.path);
330 	obj_rtld.path = xstrdup(obj_main->interp);
331     }
332 
333     digest_dynamic(obj_main);
334 
335     linkmap_add(obj_main);
336     linkmap_add(&obj_rtld);
337 
338     /* Link the main program into the list of objects. */
339     *obj_tail = obj_main;
340     obj_tail = &obj_main->next;
341     obj_count++;
342     obj_main->refcount++;
343 
344     /* Initialize a fake symbol for resolving undefined weak references. */
345     sym_zero.st_info = ELF_ST_INFO(STB_GLOBAL, STT_NOTYPE);
346     sym_zero.st_shndx = SHN_ABS;
347 
348     dbg("loading LD_PRELOAD libraries");
349     if (load_preload_objects() == -1)
350 	die();
351 
352     dbg("loading needed objects");
353     if (load_needed_objects(obj_main) == -1)
354 	die();
355 
356     /*
357      * Make a list of all objects loaded at startup.  Also construct
358      * the list of init functions to call, in reverse order.
359      */
360     funclist_init(&initlist);
361     for (obj = obj_list;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next) {
362 	objlist_add(&list_main, obj);
363 	if (obj->init != NULL && !obj->mainprog)
364 	    funclist_push_head(&initlist, obj->init);
365     }
366 
367     if (ld_tracing) {		/* We're done */
368 	trace_loaded_objects(obj_main);
369 	exit(0);
370     }
371 
372     if (relocate_objects(obj_main,
373 	ld_bind_now != NULL && *ld_bind_now != '\0') == -1)
374 	die();
375 
376     dbg("doing copy relocations");
377     if (do_copy_relocations(obj_main) == -1)
378 	die();
379 
380     dbg("initializing key program variables");
381     set_program_var("__progname", argv[0] != NULL ? basename(argv[0]) : "");
382     set_program_var("environ", env);
383 
384     dbg("initializing thread locks");
385     lockdflt_init(&lockinfo);
386     lockinfo.thelock = lockinfo.lock_create(lockinfo.context);
387 
388     r_debug_state();		/* say hello to gdb! */
389 
390     funclist_call(&initlist);
391     wlock_acquire();
392     funclist_clear(&initlist);
393     wlock_release();
394 
395     dbg("transferring control to program entry point = %p", obj_main->entry);
396 
397     /* Return the exit procedure and the program entry point. */
398     *exit_proc = rtld_exit;
399     *objp = obj_main;
400     return (func_ptr_type) obj_main->entry;
401 }
402 
403 Elf_Addr
404 _rtld_bind(Obj_Entry *obj, Elf_Word reloff)
405 {
406     const Elf_Rel *rel;
407     const Elf_Sym *def;
408     const Obj_Entry *defobj;
409     Elf_Addr *where;
410     Elf_Addr target;
411 
412     rlock_acquire();
413     if (obj->pltrel)
414 	rel = (const Elf_Rel *) ((caddr_t) obj->pltrel + reloff);
415     else
416 	rel = (const Elf_Rel *) ((caddr_t) obj->pltrela + reloff);
417 
418     where = (Elf_Addr *) (obj->relocbase + rel->r_offset);
419     def = find_symdef(ELF_R_SYM(rel->r_info), obj, &defobj, true);
420     if (def == NULL)
421 	die();
422 
423     target = (Elf_Addr)(defobj->relocbase + def->st_value);
424 
425     dbg("\"%s\" in \"%s\" ==> %p in \"%s\"",
426       defobj->strtab + def->st_name, basename(obj->path),
427       (void *)target, basename(defobj->path));
428 
429     reloc_jmpslot(where, target);
430     rlock_release();
431     return target;
432 }
433 
434 /*
435  * Error reporting function.  Use it like printf.  If formats the message
436  * into a buffer, and sets things up so that the next call to dlerror()
437  * will return the message.
438  */
439 void
440 _rtld_error(const char *fmt, ...)
441 {
442     static char buf[512];
443     va_list ap;
444 
445     va_start(ap, fmt);
446     vsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, fmt, ap);
447     error_message = buf;
448     va_end(ap);
449 }
450 
451 static const char *
452 basename(const char *name)
453 {
454     const char *p = strrchr(name, '/');
455     return p != NULL ? p + 1 : name;
456 }
457 
458 static void
459 die(void)
460 {
461     const char *msg = dlerror();
462 
463     if (msg == NULL)
464 	msg = "Fatal error";
465     errx(1, "%s", msg);
466 }
467 
468 /*
469  * Process a shared object's DYNAMIC section, and save the important
470  * information in its Obj_Entry structure.
471  */
472 static void
473 digest_dynamic(Obj_Entry *obj)
474 {
475     const Elf_Dyn *dynp;
476     Needed_Entry **needed_tail = &obj->needed;
477     const Elf_Dyn *dyn_rpath = NULL;
478     int plttype = DT_REL;
479 
480     for (dynp = obj->dynamic;  dynp->d_tag != DT_NULL;  dynp++) {
481 	switch (dynp->d_tag) {
482 
483 	case DT_REL:
484 	    obj->rel = (const Elf_Rel *) (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
485 	    break;
486 
487 	case DT_RELSZ:
488 	    obj->relsize = dynp->d_un.d_val;
489 	    break;
490 
491 	case DT_RELENT:
492 	    assert(dynp->d_un.d_val == sizeof(Elf_Rel));
493 	    break;
494 
495 	case DT_JMPREL:
496 	    obj->pltrel = (const Elf_Rel *)
497 	      (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
498 	    break;
499 
500 	case DT_PLTRELSZ:
501 	    obj->pltrelsize = dynp->d_un.d_val;
502 	    break;
503 
504 	case DT_RELA:
505 	    obj->rela = (const Elf_Rela *) (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
506 	    break;
507 
508 	case DT_RELASZ:
509 	    obj->relasize = dynp->d_un.d_val;
510 	    break;
511 
512 	case DT_RELAENT:
513 	    assert(dynp->d_un.d_val == sizeof(Elf_Rela));
514 	    break;
515 
516 	case DT_PLTREL:
517 	    plttype = dynp->d_un.d_val;
518 	    assert(dynp->d_un.d_val == DT_REL || plttype == DT_RELA);
519 	    break;
520 
521 	case DT_SYMTAB:
522 	    obj->symtab = (const Elf_Sym *)
523 	      (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
524 	    break;
525 
526 	case DT_SYMENT:
527 	    assert(dynp->d_un.d_val == sizeof(Elf_Sym));
528 	    break;
529 
530 	case DT_STRTAB:
531 	    obj->strtab = (const char *) (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
532 	    break;
533 
534 	case DT_STRSZ:
535 	    obj->strsize = dynp->d_un.d_val;
536 	    break;
537 
538 	case DT_HASH:
539 	    {
540 		const Elf_Addr *hashtab = (const Elf_Addr *)
541 		  (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
542 		obj->nbuckets = hashtab[0];
543 		obj->nchains = hashtab[1];
544 		obj->buckets = hashtab + 2;
545 		obj->chains = obj->buckets + obj->nbuckets;
546 	    }
547 	    break;
548 
549 	case DT_NEEDED:
550 	    if (!obj->rtld) {
551 		Needed_Entry *nep = NEW(Needed_Entry);
552 		nep->name = dynp->d_un.d_val;
553 		nep->obj = NULL;
554 		nep->next = NULL;
555 
556 		*needed_tail = nep;
557 		needed_tail = &nep->next;
558 	    }
559 	    break;
560 
561 	case DT_PLTGOT:
562 	    obj->pltgot = (Elf_Addr *) (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
563 	    break;
564 
565 	case DT_TEXTREL:
566 	    obj->textrel = true;
567 	    break;
568 
569 	case DT_SYMBOLIC:
570 	    obj->symbolic = true;
571 	    break;
572 
573 	case DT_RPATH:
574 	    /*
575 	     * We have to wait until later to process this, because we
576 	     * might not have gotten the address of the string table yet.
577 	     */
578 	    dyn_rpath = dynp;
579 	    break;
580 
581 	case DT_SONAME:
582 	    /* Not used by the dynamic linker. */
583 	    break;
584 
585 	case DT_INIT:
586 	    obj->init = (InitFunc) (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
587 	    break;
588 
589 	case DT_FINI:
590 	    obj->fini = (InitFunc) (obj->relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
591 	    break;
592 
593 	case DT_DEBUG:
594 	    /* XXX - not implemented yet */
595 	    dbg("Filling in DT_DEBUG entry");
596 	    ((Elf_Dyn*)dynp)->d_un.d_ptr = (Elf_Addr) &r_debug;
597 	    break;
598 
599 	default:
600 	    dbg("Ignoring d_tag %d = %#x", dynp->d_tag, dynp->d_tag);
601 	    break;
602 	}
603     }
604 
605     obj->traced = false;
606 
607     if (plttype == DT_RELA) {
608 	obj->pltrela = (const Elf_Rela *) obj->pltrel;
609 	obj->pltrel = NULL;
610 	obj->pltrelasize = obj->pltrelsize;
611 	obj->pltrelsize = 0;
612     }
613 
614     if (dyn_rpath != NULL)
615 	obj->rpath = obj->strtab + dyn_rpath->d_un.d_val;
616 }
617 
618 /*
619  * Process a shared object's program header.  This is used only for the
620  * main program, when the kernel has already loaded the main program
621  * into memory before calling the dynamic linker.  It creates and
622  * returns an Obj_Entry structure.
623  */
624 static Obj_Entry *
625 digest_phdr(const Elf_Phdr *phdr, int phnum, caddr_t entry, const char *path)
626 {
627     Obj_Entry *obj;
628     const Elf_Phdr *phlimit = phdr + phnum;
629     const Elf_Phdr *ph;
630     int nsegs = 0;
631 
632     obj = obj_new();
633     for (ph = phdr;  ph < phlimit;  ph++) {
634 	switch (ph->p_type) {
635 
636 	case PT_PHDR:
637 	    if ((const Elf_Phdr *)ph->p_vaddr != phdr) {
638 		_rtld_error("%s: invalid PT_PHDR", path);
639 		return NULL;
640 	    }
641 	    obj->phdr = (const Elf_Phdr *) ph->p_vaddr;
642 	    obj->phsize = ph->p_memsz;
643 	    break;
644 
645 	case PT_INTERP:
646 	    obj->interp = (const char *) ph->p_vaddr;
647 	    break;
648 
649 	case PT_LOAD:
650 	    if (nsegs >= 2) {
651 		_rtld_error("%s: too many PT_LOAD segments", path);
652 		return NULL;
653 	    }
654 	    if (nsegs == 0) {	/* First load segment */
655 		obj->vaddrbase = trunc_page(ph->p_vaddr);
656 		obj->mapbase = (caddr_t) obj->vaddrbase;
657 		obj->relocbase = obj->mapbase - obj->vaddrbase;
658 		obj->textsize = round_page(ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_memsz) -
659 		  obj->vaddrbase;
660 	    } else {		/* Last load segment */
661 		obj->mapsize = round_page(ph->p_vaddr + ph->p_memsz) -
662 		  obj->vaddrbase;
663 	    }
664 	    nsegs++;
665 	    break;
666 
667 	case PT_DYNAMIC:
668 	    obj->dynamic = (const Elf_Dyn *) ph->p_vaddr;
669 	    break;
670 	}
671     }
672     if (nsegs < 2) {
673 	_rtld_error("%s: too few PT_LOAD segments", path);
674 	return NULL;
675     }
676 
677     obj->entry = entry;
678     return obj;
679 }
680 
681 static Obj_Entry *
682 dlcheck(void *handle)
683 {
684     Obj_Entry *obj;
685 
686     for (obj = obj_list;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next)
687 	if (obj == (Obj_Entry *) handle)
688 	    break;
689 
690     if (obj == NULL || obj->dl_refcount == 0) {
691 	_rtld_error("Invalid shared object handle %p", handle);
692 	return NULL;
693     }
694     return obj;
695 }
696 
697 /*
698  * If the given object is already in the donelist, return true.  Otherwise
699  * add the object to the list and return false.
700  */
701 static bool
702 donelist_check(DoneList *dlp, Obj_Entry *obj)
703 {
704     unsigned int i;
705 
706     for (i = 0;  i < dlp->num_used;  i++)
707 	if (dlp->objs[i] == obj)
708 	    return true;
709     /*
710      * Our donelist allocation should always be sufficient.  But if
711      * our threads locking isn't working properly, more shared objects
712      * could have been loaded since we allocated the list.  That should
713      * never happen, but we'll handle it properly just in case it does.
714      */
715     if (dlp->num_used < dlp->num_alloc)
716 	dlp->objs[dlp->num_used++] = obj;
717     return false;
718 }
719 
720 /*
721  * Hash function for symbol table lookup.  Don't even think about changing
722  * this.  It is specified by the System V ABI.
723  */
724 unsigned long
725 elf_hash(const char *name)
726 {
727     const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *) name;
728     unsigned long h = 0;
729     unsigned long g;
730 
731     while (*p != '\0') {
732 	h = (h << 4) + *p++;
733 	if ((g = h & 0xf0000000) != 0)
734 	    h ^= g >> 24;
735 	h &= ~g;
736     }
737     return h;
738 }
739 
740 /*
741  * Find the library with the given name, and return its full pathname.
742  * The returned string is dynamically allocated.  Generates an error
743  * message and returns NULL if the library cannot be found.
744  *
745  * If the second argument is non-NULL, then it refers to an already-
746  * loaded shared object, whose library search path will be searched.
747  *
748  * The search order is:
749  *   rpath in the referencing file
750  *   LD_LIBRARY_PATH
751  *   ldconfig hints
752  *   /usr/lib
753  */
754 static char *
755 find_library(const char *name, const Obj_Entry *refobj)
756 {
757     char *pathname;
758 
759     if (strchr(name, '/') != NULL) {	/* Hard coded pathname */
760 	if (name[0] != '/' && !trust) {
761 	    _rtld_error("Absolute pathname required for shared object \"%s\"",
762 	      name);
763 	    return NULL;
764 	}
765 	return xstrdup(name);
766     }
767 
768     dbg(" Searching for \"%s\"", name);
769 
770     if ((refobj != NULL &&
771       (pathname = search_library_path(name, refobj->rpath)) != NULL) ||
772       (pathname = search_library_path(name, ld_library_path)) != NULL ||
773       (pathname = search_library_path(name, gethints())) != NULL ||
774       (pathname = search_library_path(name, STANDARD_LIBRARY_PATH)) != NULL)
775 	return pathname;
776 
777     _rtld_error("Shared object \"%s\" not found", name);
778     return NULL;
779 }
780 
781 /*
782  * Given a symbol number in a referencing object, find the corresponding
783  * definition of the symbol.  Returns a pointer to the symbol, or NULL if
784  * no definition was found.  Returns a pointer to the Obj_Entry of the
785  * defining object via the reference parameter DEFOBJ_OUT.
786  */
787 const Elf_Sym *
788 find_symdef(unsigned long symnum, Obj_Entry *refobj,
789     const Obj_Entry **defobj_out, bool in_plt)
790 {
791     DoneList donelist;
792     const Elf_Sym *ref;
793     const Elf_Sym *def;
794     const Elf_Sym *symp;
795     const Obj_Entry *obj;
796     const Obj_Entry *defobj;
797     const Objlist_Entry *elm;
798     const char *name;
799     unsigned long hash;
800 
801     ref = refobj->symtab + symnum;
802     name = refobj->strtab + ref->st_name;
803     hash = elf_hash(name);
804     def = NULL;
805     defobj = NULL;
806     donelist_init(&donelist);
807 
808     /* Look first in the referencing object if linked symbolically. */
809     if (refobj->symbolic && !donelist_check(&donelist, refobj)) {
810 	symp = symlook_obj(name, hash, refobj, in_plt);
811 	if (symp != NULL) {
812 	    def = symp;
813 	    defobj = refobj;
814 	}
815     }
816 
817     /* Search all objects loaded at program start up. */
818     if (def == NULL || ELF_ST_BIND(def->st_info) == STB_WEAK) {
819 	symp = symlook_list(name, hash, &list_main, &obj, in_plt, &donelist);
820 	if (symp != NULL &&
821 	  (def == NULL || ELF_ST_BIND(symp->st_info) != STB_WEAK)) {
822 	    def = symp;
823 	    defobj = obj;
824 	}
825     }
826 
827     /* Search all dlopened DAGs containing the referencing object. */
828     STAILQ_FOREACH(elm, &refobj->dldags, link) {
829 	if (def != NULL && ELF_ST_BIND(def->st_info) != STB_WEAK)
830 	    break;
831 	symp = symlook_list(name, hash, &elm->obj->dagmembers, &obj, in_plt,
832 	  &donelist);
833 	if (symp != NULL &&
834 	  (def == NULL || ELF_ST_BIND(symp->st_info) != STB_WEAK)) {
835 	    def = symp;
836 	    defobj = obj;
837 	}
838     }
839 
840     /* Search all RTLD_GLOBAL objects. */
841     if (def == NULL || ELF_ST_BIND(def->st_info) == STB_WEAK) {
842 	symp = symlook_list(name, hash, &list_global, &obj, in_plt, &donelist);
843 	if (symp != NULL &&
844 	  (def == NULL || ELF_ST_BIND(symp->st_info) != STB_WEAK)) {
845 	    def = symp;
846 	    defobj = obj;
847 	}
848     }
849 
850     /*
851      * Search the dynamic linker itself, and possibly resolve the
852      * symbol from there.  This is how the application links to
853      * dynamic linker services such as dlopen.  Only the values listed
854      * in the "exports" array can be resolved from the dynamic linker.
855      */
856     if (def == NULL || ELF_ST_BIND(def->st_info) == STB_WEAK) {
857 	symp = symlook_obj(name, hash, &obj_rtld, in_plt);
858 	if (symp != NULL && is_exported(symp)) {
859 	    def = symp;
860 	    defobj = &obj_rtld;
861 	}
862     }
863 
864     /*
865      * If we found no definition and the reference is weak, treat the
866      * symbol as having the value zero.
867      */
868     if (def == NULL && ELF_ST_BIND(ref->st_info) == STB_WEAK) {
869 	def = &sym_zero;
870 	defobj = obj_main;
871     }
872 
873     if (def != NULL)
874 	*defobj_out = defobj;
875     else
876 	_rtld_error("%s: Undefined symbol \"%s\"", refobj->path, name);
877     return def;
878 }
879 
880 static void
881 funclist_call(Funclist *list)
882 {
883     Funclist_Entry *elm;
884 
885     STAILQ_FOREACH(elm, list, link) {
886 	dbg("calling init/fini function at %p", elm->func);
887 	(*elm->func)();
888     }
889 }
890 
891 static void
892 funclist_clear(Funclist *list)
893 {
894     Funclist_Entry *elm;
895 
896     while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(list)) {
897 	elm = STAILQ_FIRST(list);
898 	STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(list, link);
899 	free(elm);
900     }
901 }
902 
903 static void
904 funclist_init(Funclist *list)
905 {
906     STAILQ_INIT(list);
907 }
908 
909 static void
910 funclist_push_head(Funclist *list, InitFunc func)
911 {
912     Funclist_Entry *elm;
913 
914     elm = NEW(Funclist_Entry);
915     elm->func = func;
916     STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(list, elm, link);
917 }
918 
919 static void
920 funclist_push_tail(Funclist *list, InitFunc func)
921 {
922     Funclist_Entry *elm;
923 
924     elm = NEW(Funclist_Entry);
925     elm->func = func;
926     STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(list, elm, link);
927 }
928 
929 /*
930  * Return the search path from the ldconfig hints file, reading it if
931  * necessary.  Returns NULL if there are problems with the hints file,
932  * or if the search path there is empty.
933  */
934 static const char *
935 gethints(void)
936 {
937     static char *hints;
938 
939     if (hints == NULL) {
940 	int fd;
941 	struct elfhints_hdr hdr;
942 	char *p;
943 
944 	/* Keep from trying again in case the hints file is bad. */
945 	hints = "";
946 
947 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_ELF_HINTS, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
948 	    return NULL;
949 	if (read(fd, &hdr, sizeof hdr) != sizeof hdr ||
950 	  hdr.magic != ELFHINTS_MAGIC ||
951 	  hdr.version != 1) {
952 	    close(fd);
953 	    return NULL;
954 	}
955 	p = xmalloc(hdr.dirlistlen + 1);
956 	if (lseek(fd, hdr.strtab + hdr.dirlist, SEEK_SET) == -1 ||
957 	  read(fd, p, hdr.dirlistlen + 1) != hdr.dirlistlen + 1) {
958 	    free(p);
959 	    close(fd);
960 	    return NULL;
961 	}
962 	hints = p;
963 	close(fd);
964     }
965     return hints[0] != '\0' ? hints : NULL;
966 }
967 
968 static void
969 init_dag(Obj_Entry *root)
970 {
971     DoneList donelist;
972 
973     donelist_init(&donelist);
974     init_dag1(root, root, &donelist);
975 }
976 
977 static void
978 init_dag1(Obj_Entry *root, Obj_Entry *obj, DoneList *dlp)
979 {
980     const Needed_Entry *needed;
981 
982     if (donelist_check(dlp, obj))
983 	return;
984     objlist_add(&obj->dldags, root);
985     objlist_add(&root->dagmembers, obj);
986     for (needed = obj->needed;  needed != NULL;  needed = needed->next)
987 	if (needed->obj != NULL)
988 	    init_dag1(root, needed->obj, dlp);
989 }
990 
991 /*
992  * Initialize the dynamic linker.  The argument is the address at which
993  * the dynamic linker has been mapped into memory.  The primary task of
994  * this function is to relocate the dynamic linker.
995  */
996 static void
997 init_rtld(caddr_t mapbase)
998 {
999     /*
1000      * Conjure up an Obj_Entry structure for the dynamic linker.
1001      *
1002      * The "path" member is supposed to be dynamically-allocated, but we
1003      * aren't yet initialized sufficiently to do that.  Below we will
1004      * replace the static version with a dynamically-allocated copy.
1005      */
1006     obj_rtld.path = PATH_RTLD;
1007     obj_rtld.rtld = true;
1008     obj_rtld.mapbase = mapbase;
1009 #ifdef PIC
1010     obj_rtld.relocbase = mapbase;
1011 #endif
1012     if (&_DYNAMIC != 0) {
1013 	obj_rtld.dynamic = rtld_dynamic(&obj_rtld);
1014 	digest_dynamic(&obj_rtld);
1015 	assert(obj_rtld.needed == NULL);
1016 	assert(!obj_rtld.textrel);
1017 
1018 	/*
1019 	 * Temporarily put the dynamic linker entry into the object list, so
1020 	 * that symbols can be found.
1021 	 */
1022 	obj_list = &obj_rtld;
1023 	obj_tail = &obj_rtld.next;
1024 	obj_count = 1;
1025 
1026 	relocate_objects(&obj_rtld, true);
1027     }
1028 
1029     /* Make the object list empty again. */
1030     obj_list = NULL;
1031     obj_tail = &obj_list;
1032     obj_count = 0;
1033 
1034     /* Replace the path with a dynamically allocated copy. */
1035     obj_rtld.path = xstrdup(obj_rtld.path);
1036 
1037     r_debug.r_brk = r_debug_state;
1038     r_debug.r_state = RT_CONSISTENT;
1039 }
1040 
1041 static bool
1042 is_exported(const Elf_Sym *def)
1043 {
1044     func_ptr_type value;
1045     const func_ptr_type *p;
1046 
1047     value = (func_ptr_type)(obj_rtld.relocbase + def->st_value);
1048     for (p = exports;  *p != NULL;  p++)
1049 	if (*p == value)
1050 	    return true;
1051     return false;
1052 }
1053 
1054 /*
1055  * Given a shared object, traverse its list of needed objects, and load
1056  * each of them.  Returns 0 on success.  Generates an error message and
1057  * returns -1 on failure.
1058  */
1059 static int
1060 load_needed_objects(Obj_Entry *first)
1061 {
1062     Obj_Entry *obj;
1063 
1064     for (obj = first;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next) {
1065 	Needed_Entry *needed;
1066 
1067 	for (needed = obj->needed;  needed != NULL;  needed = needed->next) {
1068 	    const char *name = obj->strtab + needed->name;
1069 	    char *path = find_library(name, obj);
1070 
1071 	    needed->obj = NULL;
1072 	    if (path == NULL && !ld_tracing)
1073 		return -1;
1074 
1075 	    if (path) {
1076 		needed->obj = load_object(path);
1077 		if (needed->obj == NULL && !ld_tracing)
1078 		    return -1;		/* XXX - cleanup */
1079 	    }
1080 	}
1081     }
1082 
1083     return 0;
1084 }
1085 
1086 static int
1087 load_preload_objects(void)
1088 {
1089     char *p = ld_preload;
1090     static const char delim[] = " \t:;";
1091 
1092     if (p == NULL)
1093 	return NULL;
1094 
1095     p += strspn(p, delim);
1096     while (*p != '\0') {
1097 	size_t len = strcspn(p, delim);
1098 	char *path;
1099 	char savech;
1100 
1101 	savech = p[len];
1102 	p[len] = '\0';
1103 	if ((path = find_library(p, NULL)) == NULL)
1104 	    return -1;
1105 	if (load_object(path) == NULL)
1106 	    return -1;	/* XXX - cleanup */
1107 	p[len] = savech;
1108 	p += len;
1109 	p += strspn(p, delim);
1110     }
1111     return 0;
1112 }
1113 
1114 /*
1115  * Load a shared object into memory, if it is not already loaded.  The
1116  * argument must be a string allocated on the heap.  This function assumes
1117  * responsibility for freeing it when necessary.
1118  *
1119  * Returns a pointer to the Obj_Entry for the object.  Returns NULL
1120  * on failure.
1121  */
1122 static Obj_Entry *
1123 load_object(char *path)
1124 {
1125     Obj_Entry *obj;
1126     int fd = -1;
1127     struct stat sb;
1128 
1129     for (obj = obj_list->next;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next)
1130 	if (strcmp(obj->path, path) == 0)
1131 	    break;
1132 
1133     /*
1134      * If we didn't find a match by pathname, open the file and check
1135      * again by device and inode.  This avoids false mismatches caused
1136      * by multiple links or ".." in pathnames.
1137      *
1138      * To avoid a race, we open the file and use fstat() rather than
1139      * using stat().
1140      */
1141     if (obj == NULL) {
1142 	if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
1143 	    _rtld_error("Cannot open \"%s\"", path);
1144 	    return NULL;
1145 	}
1146 	if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
1147 	    _rtld_error("Cannot fstat \"%s\"", path);
1148 	    close(fd);
1149 	    return NULL;
1150 	}
1151 	for (obj = obj_list->next;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next) {
1152 	    if (obj->ino == sb.st_ino && obj->dev == sb.st_dev) {
1153 		close(fd);
1154 		break;
1155 	    }
1156 	}
1157     }
1158 
1159     if (obj == NULL) {	/* First use of this object, so we must map it in */
1160 	dbg("loading \"%s\"", path);
1161 	obj = map_object(fd, path, &sb);
1162 	close(fd);
1163 	if (obj == NULL) {
1164 	    free(path);
1165 	    return NULL;
1166 	}
1167 
1168 	obj->path = path;
1169 	digest_dynamic(obj);
1170 
1171 	*obj_tail = obj;
1172 	obj_tail = &obj->next;
1173 	obj_count++;
1174 	linkmap_add(obj);	/* for GDB */
1175 
1176 	dbg("  %p .. %p: %s", obj->mapbase,
1177 	  obj->mapbase + obj->mapsize - 1, obj->path);
1178 	if (obj->textrel)
1179 	    dbg("  WARNING: %s has impure text", obj->path);
1180     } else
1181 	free(path);
1182 
1183     obj->refcount++;
1184     return obj;
1185 }
1186 
1187 /*
1188  * Check for locking violations and die if one is found.
1189  */
1190 static void
1191 lock_check(void)
1192 {
1193     int rcount, wcount;
1194 
1195     rcount = lockinfo.rcount;
1196     wcount = lockinfo.wcount;
1197     assert(rcount >= 0);
1198     assert(wcount >= 0);
1199     if (wcount > 1 || (wcount != 0 && rcount != 0)) {
1200 	_rtld_error("Application locking error: %d readers and %d writers"
1201 	  " in dynamic linker.  See DLLOCKINIT(3) in manual pages.",
1202 	  rcount, wcount);
1203 	die();
1204     }
1205 }
1206 
1207 static Obj_Entry *
1208 obj_from_addr(const void *addr)
1209 {
1210     unsigned long endhash;
1211     Obj_Entry *obj;
1212 
1213     endhash = elf_hash(END_SYM);
1214     for (obj = obj_list;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next) {
1215 	const Elf_Sym *endsym;
1216 
1217 	if (addr < (void *) obj->mapbase)
1218 	    continue;
1219 	if ((endsym = symlook_obj(END_SYM, endhash, obj, true)) == NULL)
1220 	    continue;	/* No "end" symbol?! */
1221 	if (addr < (void *) (obj->relocbase + endsym->st_value))
1222 	    return obj;
1223     }
1224     return NULL;
1225 }
1226 
1227 static void
1228 objlist_add(Objlist *list, Obj_Entry *obj)
1229 {
1230     Objlist_Entry *elm;
1231 
1232     elm = NEW(Objlist_Entry);
1233     elm->obj = obj;
1234     STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(list, elm, link);
1235 }
1236 
1237 static Objlist_Entry *
1238 objlist_find(Objlist *list, const Obj_Entry *obj)
1239 {
1240     Objlist_Entry *elm;
1241 
1242     STAILQ_FOREACH(elm, list, link)
1243 	if (elm->obj == obj)
1244 	    return elm;
1245     return NULL;
1246 }
1247 
1248 static void
1249 objlist_remove(Objlist *list, Obj_Entry *obj)
1250 {
1251     Objlist_Entry *elm;
1252 
1253     if ((elm = objlist_find(list, obj)) != NULL) {
1254 	STAILQ_REMOVE(list, elm, Struct_Objlist_Entry, link);
1255 	free(elm);
1256     }
1257 }
1258 
1259 /*
1260  * Relocate newly-loaded shared objects.  The argument is a pointer to
1261  * the Obj_Entry for the first such object.  All objects from the first
1262  * to the end of the list of objects are relocated.  Returns 0 on success,
1263  * or -1 on failure.
1264  */
1265 static int
1266 relocate_objects(Obj_Entry *first, bool bind_now)
1267 {
1268     Obj_Entry *obj;
1269 
1270     for (obj = first;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next) {
1271 	if (obj != &obj_rtld)
1272 	    dbg("relocating \"%s\"", obj->path);
1273 	if (obj->nbuckets == 0 || obj->nchains == 0 || obj->buckets == NULL ||
1274 	    obj->symtab == NULL || obj->strtab == NULL) {
1275 	    _rtld_error("%s: Shared object has no run-time symbol table",
1276 	      obj->path);
1277 	    return -1;
1278 	}
1279 
1280 	if (obj->textrel) {
1281 	    /* There are relocations to the write-protected text segment. */
1282 	    if (mprotect(obj->mapbase, obj->textsize,
1283 	      PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) == -1) {
1284 		_rtld_error("%s: Cannot write-enable text segment: %s",
1285 		  obj->path, strerror(errno));
1286 		return -1;
1287 	    }
1288 	}
1289 
1290 	/* Process the non-PLT relocations. */
1291 	if (reloc_non_plt(obj, &obj_rtld))
1292 		return -1;
1293 
1294 	if (obj->textrel) {	/* Re-protected the text segment. */
1295 	    if (mprotect(obj->mapbase, obj->textsize,
1296 	      PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) == -1) {
1297 		_rtld_error("%s: Cannot write-protect text segment: %s",
1298 		  obj->path, strerror(errno));
1299 		return -1;
1300 	    }
1301 	}
1302 
1303 	/* Process the PLT relocations. */
1304 	if (reloc_plt(obj) == -1)
1305 	    return -1;
1306 	/* Relocate the jump slots if we are doing immediate binding. */
1307 	if (bind_now)
1308 	    if (reloc_jmpslots(obj) == -1)
1309 		return -1;
1310 
1311 
1312 	/*
1313 	 * Set up the magic number and version in the Obj_Entry.  These
1314 	 * were checked in the crt1.o from the original ElfKit, so we
1315 	 * set them for backward compatibility.
1316 	 */
1317 	obj->magic = RTLD_MAGIC;
1318 	obj->version = RTLD_VERSION;
1319 
1320 	/* Set the special PLT or GOT entries. */
1321 	init_pltgot(obj);
1322     }
1323 
1324     return 0;
1325 }
1326 
1327 /*
1328  * Cleanup procedure.  It will be called (by the atexit mechanism) just
1329  * before the process exits.
1330  */
1331 static void
1332 rtld_exit(void)
1333 {
1334     Obj_Entry *obj;
1335 
1336     dbg("rtld_exit()");
1337     for (obj = obj_list->next;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next)
1338 	if (obj->fini != NULL)
1339 	    (*obj->fini)();
1340 }
1341 
1342 static char *
1343 search_library_path(const char *name, const char *path)
1344 {
1345     size_t namelen = strlen(name);
1346     const char *p = path;
1347 
1348     if (p == NULL)
1349 	return NULL;
1350 
1351     p += strspn(p, ":;");
1352     while (*p != '\0') {
1353 	size_t len = strcspn(p, ":;");
1354 
1355 	if (*p == '/' || trust) {
1356 	    char *pathname;
1357 	    const char *dir = p;
1358 	    size_t dirlen = len;
1359 
1360 	    pathname = xmalloc(dirlen + 1 + namelen + 1);
1361 	    strncpy(pathname, dir, dirlen);
1362 	    pathname[dirlen] = '/';
1363 	    strcpy(pathname + dirlen + 1, name);
1364 
1365 	    dbg("  Trying \"%s\"", pathname);
1366 	    if (access(pathname, F_OK) == 0)		/* We found it */
1367 		return pathname;
1368 
1369 	    free(pathname);
1370 	}
1371 	p += len;
1372 	p += strspn(p, ":;");
1373     }
1374 
1375     return NULL;
1376 }
1377 
1378 int
1379 dlclose(void *handle)
1380 {
1381     Obj_Entry *root;
1382     Obj_Entry *obj;
1383     Funclist finilist;
1384 
1385     wlock_acquire();
1386     root = dlcheck(handle);
1387     if (root == NULL) {
1388 	wlock_release();
1389 	return -1;
1390     }
1391 
1392     /* Unreference the object and its dependencies. */
1393     root->dl_refcount--;
1394     unref_dag(root);
1395 
1396     if (root->refcount == 0) {
1397 	/*
1398 	 * The object is no longer referenced, so we must unload it.
1399 	 * First, make a list of the fini functions and then call them
1400 	 * with no locks held.
1401 	 */
1402 	funclist_init(&finilist);
1403 	for (obj = obj_list->next;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next)
1404 	    if (obj->refcount == 0 && obj->fini != NULL)
1405 		funclist_push_tail(&finilist, obj->fini);
1406 
1407 	wlock_release();
1408 	funclist_call(&finilist);
1409 	wlock_acquire();
1410 	funclist_clear(&finilist);
1411 
1412 	/* Finish cleaning up the newly-unreferenced objects. */
1413 	GDB_STATE(RT_DELETE);
1414 	unload_object(root);
1415 	GDB_STATE(RT_CONSISTENT);
1416     }
1417     wlock_release();
1418     return 0;
1419 }
1420 
1421 const char *
1422 dlerror(void)
1423 {
1424     char *msg = error_message;
1425     error_message = NULL;
1426     return msg;
1427 }
1428 
1429 /*
1430  * This function is deprecated and has no effect.
1431  */
1432 void
1433 dllockinit(void *context,
1434 	   void *(*lock_create)(void *context),
1435            void (*rlock_acquire)(void *lock),
1436            void (*wlock_acquire)(void *lock),
1437            void (*lock_release)(void *lock),
1438            void (*lock_destroy)(void *lock),
1439 	   void (*context_destroy)(void *context))
1440 {
1441     static void *cur_context;
1442     static void (*cur_context_destroy)(void *);
1443 
1444     /* Just destroy the context from the previous call, if necessary. */
1445     if (cur_context_destroy != NULL)
1446 	cur_context_destroy(cur_context);
1447     cur_context = context;
1448     cur_context_destroy = context_destroy;
1449 }
1450 
1451 void *
1452 dlopen(const char *name, int mode)
1453 {
1454     Obj_Entry **old_obj_tail;
1455     Obj_Entry *obj;
1456     Obj_Entry *initobj;
1457     Funclist initlist;
1458 
1459     funclist_init(&initlist);
1460 
1461     wlock_acquire();
1462     GDB_STATE(RT_ADD);
1463 
1464     old_obj_tail = obj_tail;
1465     obj = NULL;
1466     if (name == NULL) {
1467 	obj = obj_main;
1468 	obj->refcount++;
1469     } else {
1470 	char *path = find_library(name, obj_main);
1471 	if (path != NULL)
1472 	    obj = load_object(path);
1473     }
1474 
1475     if (obj) {
1476 	obj->dl_refcount++;
1477 	if (mode & RTLD_GLOBAL && objlist_find(&list_global, obj) == NULL)
1478 	    objlist_add(&list_global, obj);
1479 	mode &= RTLD_MODEMASK;
1480 	if (*old_obj_tail != NULL) {		/* We loaded something new. */
1481 	    assert(*old_obj_tail == obj);
1482 
1483 	    if (load_needed_objects(obj) == -1 ||
1484 	      (init_dag(obj), relocate_objects(obj, mode == RTLD_NOW)) == -1) {
1485 		obj->dl_refcount--;
1486 		unref_dag(obj);
1487 		if (obj->refcount == 0)
1488 		    unload_object(obj);
1489 		obj = NULL;
1490 	    } else {
1491 		/* Make list of init functions to call, in reverse order */
1492 		for (initobj = obj; initobj != NULL; initobj = initobj->next)
1493 		    if (initobj->init != NULL)
1494 			funclist_push_head(&initlist, initobj->init);
1495 	    }
1496 	}
1497     }
1498 
1499     GDB_STATE(RT_CONSISTENT);
1500 
1501     /* Call the init functions with no locks held. */
1502     wlock_release();
1503     funclist_call(&initlist);
1504     wlock_acquire();
1505     funclist_clear(&initlist);
1506     wlock_release();
1507     return obj;
1508 }
1509 
1510 void *
1511 dlsym(void *handle, const char *name)
1512 {
1513     const Obj_Entry *obj;
1514     unsigned long hash;
1515     const Elf_Sym *def;
1516     const Obj_Entry *defobj;
1517 
1518     hash = elf_hash(name);
1519     def = NULL;
1520     defobj = NULL;
1521 
1522     rlock_acquire();
1523     if (handle == NULL || handle == RTLD_NEXT) {
1524 	void *retaddr;
1525 
1526 	retaddr = __builtin_return_address(0);	/* __GNUC__ only */
1527 	if ((obj = obj_from_addr(retaddr)) == NULL) {
1528 	    _rtld_error("Cannot determine caller's shared object");
1529 	    rlock_release();
1530 	    return NULL;
1531 	}
1532 	if (handle == NULL) {	/* Just the caller's shared object. */
1533 	    def = symlook_obj(name, hash, obj, true);
1534 	    defobj = obj;
1535 	} else {		/* All the shared objects after the caller's */
1536 	    while ((obj = obj->next) != NULL) {
1537 		if ((def = symlook_obj(name, hash, obj, true)) != NULL) {
1538 		    defobj = obj;
1539 		    break;
1540 		}
1541 	    }
1542 	}
1543     } else {
1544 	if ((obj = dlcheck(handle)) == NULL) {
1545 	    rlock_release();
1546 	    return NULL;
1547 	}
1548 
1549 	if (obj->mainprog) {
1550 	    DoneList donelist;
1551 
1552 	    /* Search main program and all libraries loaded by it. */
1553 	    donelist_init(&donelist);
1554 	    def = symlook_list(name, hash, &list_main, &defobj, true,
1555 	      &donelist);
1556 	} else {
1557 	    /*
1558 	     * XXX - This isn't correct.  The search should include the whole
1559 	     * DAG rooted at the given object.
1560 	     */
1561 	    def = symlook_obj(name, hash, obj, true);
1562 	    defobj = obj;
1563 	}
1564     }
1565 
1566     if (def != NULL) {
1567 	rlock_release();
1568 	return defobj->relocbase + def->st_value;
1569     }
1570 
1571     _rtld_error("Undefined symbol \"%s\"", name);
1572     rlock_release();
1573     return NULL;
1574 }
1575 
1576 int
1577 dladdr(const void *addr, Dl_info *info)
1578 {
1579     const Obj_Entry *obj;
1580     const Elf_Sym *def;
1581     void *symbol_addr;
1582     unsigned long symoffset;
1583 
1584     rlock_acquire();
1585     obj = obj_from_addr(addr);
1586     if (obj == NULL) {
1587         _rtld_error("No shared object contains address");
1588 	rlock_release();
1589         return 0;
1590     }
1591     info->dli_fname = obj->path;
1592     info->dli_fbase = obj->mapbase;
1593     info->dli_saddr = (void *)0;
1594     info->dli_sname = NULL;
1595 
1596     /*
1597      * Walk the symbol list looking for the symbol whose address is
1598      * closest to the address sent in.
1599      */
1600     for (symoffset = 0; symoffset < obj->nchains; symoffset++) {
1601         def = obj->symtab + symoffset;
1602 
1603         /*
1604          * For skip the symbol if st_shndx is either SHN_UNDEF or
1605          * SHN_COMMON.
1606          */
1607         if (def->st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF || def->st_shndx == SHN_COMMON)
1608             continue;
1609 
1610         /*
1611          * If the symbol is greater than the specified address, or if it
1612          * is further away from addr than the current nearest symbol,
1613          * then reject it.
1614          */
1615         symbol_addr = obj->relocbase + def->st_value;
1616         if (symbol_addr > addr || symbol_addr < info->dli_saddr)
1617             continue;
1618 
1619         /* Update our idea of the nearest symbol. */
1620         info->dli_sname = obj->strtab + def->st_name;
1621         info->dli_saddr = symbol_addr;
1622 
1623         /* Exact match? */
1624         if (info->dli_saddr == addr)
1625             break;
1626     }
1627     rlock_release();
1628     return 1;
1629 }
1630 
1631 static void
1632 linkmap_add(Obj_Entry *obj)
1633 {
1634     struct link_map *l = &obj->linkmap;
1635     struct link_map *prev;
1636 
1637     obj->linkmap.l_name = obj->path;
1638     obj->linkmap.l_addr = obj->mapbase;
1639     obj->linkmap.l_ld = obj->dynamic;
1640 #ifdef __mips__
1641     /* GDB needs load offset on MIPS to use the symbols */
1642     obj->linkmap.l_offs = obj->relocbase;
1643 #endif
1644 
1645     if (r_debug.r_map == NULL) {
1646 	r_debug.r_map = l;
1647 	return;
1648     }
1649 
1650     /*
1651      * Scan to the end of the list, but not past the entry for the
1652      * dynamic linker, which we want to keep at the very end.
1653      */
1654     for (prev = r_debug.r_map;
1655       prev->l_next != NULL && prev->l_next != &obj_rtld.linkmap;
1656       prev = prev->l_next)
1657 	;
1658 
1659     /* Link in the new entry. */
1660     l->l_prev = prev;
1661     l->l_next = prev->l_next;
1662     if (l->l_next != NULL)
1663 	l->l_next->l_prev = l;
1664     prev->l_next = l;
1665 }
1666 
1667 static void
1668 linkmap_delete(Obj_Entry *obj)
1669 {
1670     struct link_map *l = &obj->linkmap;
1671 
1672     if (l->l_prev == NULL) {
1673 	if ((r_debug.r_map = l->l_next) != NULL)
1674 	    l->l_next->l_prev = NULL;
1675 	return;
1676     }
1677 
1678     if ((l->l_prev->l_next = l->l_next) != NULL)
1679 	l->l_next->l_prev = l->l_prev;
1680 }
1681 
1682 /*
1683  * Function for the debugger to set a breakpoint on to gain control.
1684  */
1685 void
1686 r_debug_state(void)
1687 {
1688 }
1689 
1690 /*
1691  * Set a pointer variable in the main program to the given value.  This
1692  * is used to set key variables such as "environ" before any of the
1693  * init functions are called.
1694  */
1695 static void
1696 set_program_var(const char *name, const void *value)
1697 {
1698     const Obj_Entry *obj;
1699     unsigned long hash;
1700 
1701     hash = elf_hash(name);
1702     for (obj = obj_main;  obj != NULL;  obj = obj->next) {
1703 	const Elf_Sym *def;
1704 
1705 	if ((def = symlook_obj(name, hash, obj, false)) != NULL) {
1706 	    const void **addr;
1707 
1708 	    addr = (const void **)(obj->relocbase + def->st_value);
1709 	    dbg("\"%s\": *%p <-- %p", name, addr, value);
1710 	    *addr = value;
1711 	    break;
1712 	}
1713     }
1714 }
1715 
1716 static const Elf_Sym *
1717 symlook_list(const char *name, unsigned long hash, Objlist *objlist,
1718   const Obj_Entry **defobj_out, bool in_plt, DoneList *dlp)
1719 {
1720     const Elf_Sym *symp;
1721     const Elf_Sym *def;
1722     const Obj_Entry *defobj;
1723     const Objlist_Entry *elm;
1724 
1725     def = NULL;
1726     defobj = NULL;
1727     STAILQ_FOREACH(elm, objlist, link) {
1728 	if (donelist_check(dlp, elm->obj))
1729 	    continue;
1730 	if ((symp = symlook_obj(name, hash, elm->obj, in_plt)) != NULL) {
1731 	    if (def == NULL || ELF_ST_BIND(symp->st_info) != STB_WEAK) {
1732 		def = symp;
1733 		defobj = elm->obj;
1734 		if (ELF_ST_BIND(def->st_info) != STB_WEAK)
1735 		    break;
1736 	    }
1737 	}
1738     }
1739     if (def != NULL)
1740 	*defobj_out = defobj;
1741     return def;
1742 }
1743 
1744 /*
1745  * Search the symbol table of a single shared object for a symbol of
1746  * the given name.  Returns a pointer to the symbol, or NULL if no
1747  * definition was found.
1748  *
1749  * The symbol's hash value is passed in for efficiency reasons; that
1750  * eliminates many recomputations of the hash value.
1751  */
1752 const Elf_Sym *
1753 symlook_obj(const char *name, unsigned long hash, const Obj_Entry *obj,
1754   bool in_plt)
1755 {
1756     if (obj->buckets != NULL) {
1757 	unsigned long symnum = obj->buckets[hash % obj->nbuckets];
1758 
1759 	while (symnum != STN_UNDEF) {
1760 	    const Elf_Sym *symp;
1761 	    const char *strp;
1762 
1763 	    if (symnum >= obj->nchains)
1764 		return NULL;	/* Bad object */
1765 	    symp = obj->symtab + symnum;
1766 	    strp = obj->strtab + symp->st_name;
1767 
1768 	    if (strcmp(name, strp) == 0)
1769 		return symp->st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF ||
1770 		  (!in_plt && symp->st_value != 0 &&
1771 		  ELF_ST_TYPE(symp->st_info) == STT_FUNC) ? symp : NULL;
1772 
1773 	    symnum = obj->chains[symnum];
1774 	}
1775     }
1776     return NULL;
1777 }
1778 
1779 static void
1780 trace_loaded_objects(Obj_Entry *obj)
1781 {
1782     char	*fmt1, *fmt2, *fmt, *main_local;
1783     int		c;
1784 
1785     if ((main_local = getenv("LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_PROGNAME")) == NULL)
1786 	main_local = "";
1787 
1788     if ((fmt1 = getenv("LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT1")) == NULL)
1789 	fmt1 = "\t%o => %p (%x)\n";
1790 
1791     if ((fmt2 = getenv("LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_FMT2")) == NULL)
1792 	fmt2 = "\t%o (%x)\n";
1793 
1794     for (; obj; obj = obj->next) {
1795 	Needed_Entry		*needed;
1796 	char			*name, *path;
1797 	bool			is_lib;
1798 
1799 	for (needed = obj->needed; needed; needed = needed->next) {
1800 	    if (needed->obj != NULL) {
1801 		if (needed->obj->traced)
1802 		    continue;
1803 		needed->obj->traced = true;
1804 		path = needed->obj->path;
1805 	    } else
1806 		path = "not found";
1807 
1808 	    name = (char *)obj->strtab + needed->name;
1809 	    is_lib = strncmp(name, "lib", 3) == 0;	/* XXX - bogus */
1810 
1811 	    fmt = is_lib ? fmt1 : fmt2;
1812 	    while ((c = *fmt++) != '\0') {
1813 		switch (c) {
1814 		default:
1815 		    putchar(c);
1816 		    continue;
1817 		case '\\':
1818 		    switch (c = *fmt) {
1819 		    case '\0':
1820 			continue;
1821 		    case 'n':
1822 			putchar('\n');
1823 			break;
1824 		    case 't':
1825 			putchar('\t');
1826 			break;
1827 		    }
1828 		    break;
1829 		case '%':
1830 		    switch (c = *fmt) {
1831 		    case '\0':
1832 			continue;
1833 		    case '%':
1834 		    default:
1835 			putchar(c);
1836 			break;
1837 		    case 'A':
1838 			printf("%s", main_local);
1839 			break;
1840 		    case 'a':
1841 			printf("%s", obj_main->path);
1842 			break;
1843 		    case 'o':
1844 			printf("%s", name);
1845 			break;
1846 #if 0
1847 		    case 'm':
1848 			printf("%d", sodp->sod_major);
1849 			break;
1850 		    case 'n':
1851 			printf("%d", sodp->sod_minor);
1852 			break;
1853 #endif
1854 		    case 'p':
1855 			printf("%s", path);
1856 			break;
1857 		    case 'x':
1858 			printf("%p", needed->obj ? needed->obj->mapbase : 0);
1859 			break;
1860 		    }
1861 		    break;
1862 		}
1863 		++fmt;
1864 	    }
1865 	}
1866     }
1867 }
1868 
1869 /*
1870  * Unload a dlopened object and its dependencies from memory and from
1871  * our data structures.  It is assumed that the DAG rooted in the
1872  * object has already been unreferenced, and that the object has a
1873  * reference count of 0.
1874  */
1875 static void
1876 unload_object(Obj_Entry *root)
1877 {
1878     Obj_Entry *obj;
1879     Obj_Entry **linkp;
1880     Objlist_Entry *elm;
1881 
1882     assert(root->refcount == 0);
1883 
1884     /* Remove the DAG from all objects' DAG lists. */
1885     STAILQ_FOREACH(elm, &root->dagmembers , link)
1886 	objlist_remove(&elm->obj->dldags, root);
1887 
1888     /* Remove the DAG from the RTLD_GLOBAL list. */
1889     objlist_remove(&list_global, root);
1890 
1891     /* Unmap all objects that are no longer referenced. */
1892     linkp = &obj_list->next;
1893     while ((obj = *linkp) != NULL) {
1894 	if (obj->refcount == 0) {
1895 	    dbg("unloading \"%s\"", obj->path);
1896 	    munmap(obj->mapbase, obj->mapsize);
1897 	    linkmap_delete(obj);
1898 	    *linkp = obj->next;
1899 	    obj_count--;
1900 	    obj_free(obj);
1901 	} else
1902 	    linkp = &obj->next;
1903     }
1904     obj_tail = linkp;
1905 }
1906 
1907 static void
1908 unref_dag(Obj_Entry *root)
1909 {
1910     const Needed_Entry *needed;
1911 
1912     assert(root->refcount != 0);
1913     root->refcount--;
1914     if (root->refcount == 0)
1915 	for (needed = root->needed;  needed != NULL;  needed = needed->next)
1916 	    if (needed->obj != NULL)
1917 		unref_dag(needed->obj);
1918 }
1919 
1920 /*
1921  * Non-mallocing printf, for use by malloc itself.
1922  * XXX - This doesn't belong in this module.
1923  */
1924 void
1925 xprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
1926 {
1927     char buf[256];
1928     va_list ap;
1929 
1930     va_start(ap, fmt);
1931     vsprintf(buf, fmt, ap);
1932     (void)write(1, buf, strlen(buf));
1933     va_end(ap);
1934 }
1935