xref: /freebsd/libexec/rtld-elf/map_object.c (revision d15f2551b25f79ddcbe289faa95e655100b952da)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright 1996-1998 John D. Polstra.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #include <sys/param.h>
29 #include <sys/mman.h>
30 #include <sys/stat.h>
31 
32 #include <errno.h>
33 #include <stddef.h>
34 #include <stdlib.h>
35 #include <string.h>
36 #include <unistd.h>
37 
38 #include "debug.h"
39 #include "rtld.h"
40 
41 static Elf_Ehdr *get_elf_header(int, const char *, const struct stat *,
42     Elf_Phdr **phdr);
43 static int convert_flags(int); /* Elf flags -> mmap flags */
44 
45 static bool
46 phdr_in_zero_page(const Elf_Ehdr *hdr)
47 {
48 	return (hdr->e_phoff + hdr->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr) <= page_size);
49 }
50 
51 /*
52  * Map a shared object into memory.  The "fd" argument is a file descriptor,
53  * which must be open on the object and positioned at its beginning.
54  * The "path" argument is a pathname that is used only for error messages.
55  *
56  * The return value is a pointer to a newly-allocated Obj_Entry structure
57  * for the shared object.  Returns NULL on failure.
58  */
59 Obj_Entry *
60 map_object(int fd, const char *path, const struct stat *sb, bool ismain)
61 {
62 	Obj_Entry *obj;
63 	Elf_Ehdr *hdr;
64 	int i;
65 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
66 	Elf_Phdr *phlimit;
67 	Elf_Phdr **segs;
68 	int nsegs;
69 	Elf_Phdr *phdyn;
70 	Elf_Phdr *phinterp;
71 	Elf_Phdr *phtls;
72 	caddr_t mapbase;
73 	size_t mapsize;
74 	Elf_Addr base_vaddr;
75 	Elf_Addr base_vlimit;
76 	caddr_t base_addr;
77 	int base_flags;
78 	Elf_Off data_offset;
79 	Elf_Addr data_vaddr;
80 	Elf_Addr data_vlimit;
81 	caddr_t data_addr;
82 	int data_prot;
83 	int data_flags;
84 	Elf_Addr clear_vaddr;
85 	caddr_t clear_addr;
86 	caddr_t clear_page;
87 	Elf_Addr phdr_vaddr;
88 	size_t nclear, phsize;
89 	Elf_Addr bss_vaddr;
90 	Elf_Addr bss_vlimit;
91 	caddr_t bss_addr;
92 	Elf_Word stack_flags;
93 	Elf_Addr note_start;
94 	Elf_Addr note_end;
95 	char *note_map;
96 	size_t note_map_len;
97 
98 	hdr = get_elf_header(fd, path, sb, &phdr);
99 	if (hdr == NULL)
100 		return (NULL);
101 
102 	/*
103 	 * Scan the program header entries, and save key information.
104 	 * We expect that the loadable segments are ordered by load address.
105 	 */
106 	phsize = hdr->e_phnum * sizeof(phdr[0]);
107 	phlimit = phdr + hdr->e_phnum;
108 	nsegs = -1;
109 	phdyn = phinterp = phtls = NULL;
110 	phdr_vaddr = 0;
111 	note_start = 0;
112 	note_end = 0;
113 	note_map = NULL;
114 	note_map_len = 0;
115 	segs = xcalloc(hdr->e_phnum, sizeof(segs[0]));
116 	stack_flags = PF_X | PF_R | PF_W;
117 	while (phdr < phlimit) {
118 		switch (phdr->p_type) {
119 		case PT_INTERP:
120 			phinterp = phdr;
121 			break;
122 
123 		case PT_LOAD:
124 			if (phdr->p_memsz < phdr->p_filesz) {
125 				_rtld_error("%s: invalid PT_LOAD segment",
126 				    path);
127 				goto error;
128 			}
129 
130 			segs[++nsegs] = phdr;
131 			if ((segs[nsegs]->p_align & (page_size - 1)) != 0) {
132 				_rtld_error(
133 				    "%s: PT_LOAD segment %d not page-aligned",
134 				    path, nsegs);
135 				goto error;
136 			}
137 			break;
138 
139 		case PT_PHDR:
140 			phdr_vaddr = phdr->p_vaddr;
141 			phsize = phdr->p_memsz;
142 			break;
143 
144 		case PT_DYNAMIC:
145 			phdyn = phdr;
146 			break;
147 
148 		case PT_TLS:
149 			if (phdr->p_memsz < phdr->p_filesz) {
150 				_rtld_error("%s: invalid PT_TLS segment",
151 				    path);
152 				goto error;
153 			}
154 
155 			phtls = phdr;
156 			break;
157 
158 		case PT_GNU_STACK:
159 			stack_flags = phdr->p_flags;
160 			break;
161 
162 		case PT_NOTE:
163 			if (phdr->p_offset > page_size ||
164 			    phdr->p_offset + phdr->p_filesz > page_size) {
165 				note_map_len = rtld_round_page(phdr->p_offset +
166 				    phdr->p_filesz) -
167 				    rtld_trunc_page(phdr->p_offset);
168 				note_map = mmap(NULL, note_map_len, PROT_READ,
169 				    MAP_PRIVATE, fd,
170 				    rtld_trunc_page(phdr->p_offset));
171 				if (note_map == MAP_FAILED) {
172 					_rtld_error(
173 					    "%s: error mapping PT_NOTE (%d)",
174 					    path, errno);
175 					goto error;
176 				}
177 				note_start = (Elf_Addr)(note_map +
178 				    phdr->p_offset -
179 				    rtld_trunc_page(phdr->p_offset));
180 			} else {
181 				note_start = (Elf_Addr)(char *)hdr +
182 				    phdr->p_offset;
183 			}
184 			note_end = note_start + phdr->p_filesz;
185 			break;
186 		}
187 
188 		++phdr;
189 	}
190 	if (phdyn == NULL) {
191 		_rtld_error("%s: object is not dynamically-linked", path);
192 		goto error;
193 	}
194 
195 	if (nsegs < 0) {
196 		_rtld_error("%s: too few PT_LOAD segments", path);
197 		goto error;
198 	}
199 
200 	/*
201 	 * Map the entire address space of the object, to stake out our
202 	 * contiguous region, and to establish the base address for relocation.
203 	 */
204 	base_vaddr = rtld_trunc_page(segs[0]->p_vaddr);
205 	base_vlimit = rtld_round_page(segs[nsegs]->p_vaddr +
206 	    segs[nsegs]->p_memsz);
207 	mapsize = base_vlimit - base_vaddr;
208 	base_addr = (caddr_t)base_vaddr;
209 	base_flags = MAP_GUARD;
210 	if (npagesizes > 1 &&  rtld_round_page(segs[0]->p_filesz) >=
211 	    pagesizes[1])
212 		base_flags |= MAP_ALIGNED_SUPER;
213 	if (base_vaddr != 0)
214 		base_flags |= MAP_FIXED | MAP_EXCL;
215 
216 	mapbase = mmap(base_addr, mapsize, PROT_NONE, base_flags, -1, 0);
217 	if (mapbase == MAP_FAILED) {
218 		_rtld_error("%s: mmap of entire address space failed: %s",
219 		    path, rtld_strerror(errno));
220 		goto error;
221 	}
222 	if (base_addr != NULL && mapbase != base_addr) {
223 		_rtld_error(
224 		    "%s: mmap returned wrong address: wanted %p, got %p",
225 		    path, base_addr, mapbase);
226 		goto error1;
227 	}
228 
229 	for (i = 0; i <= nsegs; i++) {
230 		/* Overlay the segment onto the proper region. */
231 		data_offset = rtld_trunc_page(segs[i]->p_offset);
232 		data_vaddr = rtld_trunc_page(segs[i]->p_vaddr);
233 		data_vlimit = rtld_round_page(segs[i]->p_vaddr +
234 		    segs[i]->p_filesz);
235 		data_addr = mapbase + (data_vaddr - base_vaddr);
236 		data_prot = convert_prot(segs[i]->p_flags);
237 		data_flags = convert_flags(segs[i]->p_flags) | MAP_FIXED;
238 		if (data_vlimit != data_vaddr && mmap(data_addr,
239 		    data_vlimit - data_vaddr, data_prot, data_flags |
240 		    MAP_PREFAULT_READ, fd, data_offset) == MAP_FAILED) {
241 			_rtld_error("%s: mmap of data failed: %s",
242 			    path, rtld_strerror(errno));
243 			goto error1;
244 		}
245 
246 		/* Do BSS setup */
247 		if (segs[i]->p_filesz != segs[i]->p_memsz) {
248 			/* Clear any BSS in the last page of the segment. */
249 			clear_vaddr = segs[i]->p_vaddr + segs[i]->p_filesz;
250 			clear_addr = mapbase + (clear_vaddr - base_vaddr);
251 			clear_page = mapbase + (rtld_trunc_page(clear_vaddr) -
252 			    base_vaddr);
253 
254 			if ((nclear = data_vlimit - clear_vaddr) > 0) {
255 				/*
256 				 * Make sure the end of the segment is
257 				 * writable.
258 				 */
259 				if ((data_prot & PROT_WRITE) == 0 &&
260 				    mprotect(clear_page, page_size,
261 				    data_prot | PROT_WRITE) == -1) {
262 					_rtld_error("%s: mprotect failed: %s",
263 					    path, rtld_strerror(errno));
264 					goto error1;
265 				}
266 
267 				memset(clear_addr, 0, nclear);
268 
269 				/* Reset the data protection back */
270 				if ((data_prot & PROT_WRITE) == 0)
271 					mprotect(clear_page, page_size,
272 					    data_prot);
273 			}
274 
275 			/* Overlay the BSS segment onto the proper region. */
276 			bss_vaddr = data_vlimit;
277 			bss_vlimit = rtld_round_page(segs[i]->p_vaddr +
278 			    segs[i]->p_memsz);
279 			bss_addr = mapbase + (bss_vaddr - base_vaddr);
280 			if (bss_vlimit > bss_vaddr) {
281 				/* There is something to do */
282 				if (mmap(bss_addr, bss_vlimit - bss_vaddr,
283 				    data_prot, data_flags | MAP_ANON, -1,
284 				    0) == MAP_FAILED) {
285 					_rtld_error(
286 					    "%s: mmap of bss failed: %s",
287 					    path, rtld_strerror(errno));
288 					goto error1;
289 				}
290 			}
291 		}
292 
293 		if (phdr_vaddr == 0 && data_offset <= hdr->e_phoff &&
294 		    data_vlimit - data_vaddr + data_offset >=
295 		    hdr->e_phoff + hdr->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr)) {
296 			phdr_vaddr = data_vaddr + hdr->e_phoff - data_offset;
297 		}
298 	}
299 
300 	obj = obj_new();
301 	if (sb != NULL) {
302 		obj->dev = sb->st_dev;
303 		obj->ino = sb->st_ino;
304 	}
305 	obj->mapbase = mapbase;
306 	obj->mapsize = mapsize;
307 	obj->vaddrbase = base_vaddr;
308 	obj->relocbase = mapbase - base_vaddr;
309 	obj->dynamic = (const Elf_Dyn *)(obj->relocbase + phdyn->p_vaddr);
310 	if (hdr->e_entry != 0)
311 		obj->entry = (caddr_t)(obj->relocbase + hdr->e_entry);
312 	if (phdr_vaddr != 0) {
313 		obj->phdr = (const Elf_Phdr *)(obj->relocbase + phdr_vaddr);
314 	} else {
315 		obj->phdr = malloc(phsize);
316 		if (obj->phdr == NULL) {
317 			obj_free(obj);
318 			_rtld_error("%s: cannot allocate program header",
319 			    path);
320 			goto error1;
321 		}
322 		memcpy(__DECONST(char *, obj->phdr), (char *)hdr + hdr->e_phoff,
323 		    phsize);
324 		obj->phdr_alloc = true;
325 	}
326 	obj->phnum = phsize / sizeof(*phdr);
327 	if (phinterp != NULL)
328 		obj->interp = (const char *)(obj->relocbase +
329 		    phinterp->p_vaddr);
330 	if (phtls != NULL) {
331 		if (ismain)
332 			obj->tlsindex = 1;
333 		else {
334 			tls_dtv_generation++;
335 			obj->tlsindex = ++tls_max_index;
336 		}
337 		obj->tlssize = phtls->p_memsz;
338 		obj->tlsalign = phtls->p_align;
339 		obj->tlspoffset = phtls->p_offset;
340 		obj->tlsinitsize = phtls->p_filesz;
341 		obj->tlsinit = obj->relocbase + phtls->p_vaddr;
342 	}
343 	obj->stack_flags = stack_flags;
344 	if (note_start < note_end)
345 		digest_notes(obj, note_start, note_end);
346 finish:
347 	if (note_map != NULL && note_map != MAP_FAILED)
348 		munmap(note_map, note_map_len);
349 	munmap(hdr, page_size);
350 	free(segs);
351 	return (obj);
352 
353 error1:
354 	munmap(mapbase, mapsize);
355 error:
356 	if (!phdr_in_zero_page(hdr))
357 		munmap(phdr, hdr->e_phnum * sizeof(phdr[0]));
358 	obj = NULL;
359 	goto finish;
360 }
361 
362 bool
363 check_elf_headers(const Elf_Ehdr *hdr, const char *path)
364 {
365 	if (!IS_ELF(*hdr)) {
366 		_rtld_error("%s: invalid file format", path);
367 		return (false);
368 	}
369 	if (hdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELF_TARG_CLASS ||
370 	    hdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELF_TARG_DATA) {
371 		_rtld_error("%s: unsupported file layout", path);
372 		return (false);
373 	}
374 	if (hdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT ||
375 	    hdr->e_version != EV_CURRENT) {
376 		_rtld_error("%s: unsupported file version", path);
377 		return (false);
378 	}
379 	if (hdr->e_type != ET_EXEC && hdr->e_type != ET_DYN) {
380 		_rtld_error("%s: unsupported file type", path);
381 		return (false);
382 	}
383 	if (hdr->e_machine != ELF_TARG_MACH) {
384 		_rtld_error("%s: unsupported machine", path);
385 		return (false);
386 	}
387 	if (hdr->e_phentsize != sizeof(Elf_Phdr)) {
388 		_rtld_error(
389 	    "%s: invalid shared object: e_phentsize != sizeof(Elf_Phdr)",
390 		    path);
391 		return (false);
392 	}
393 	return (true);
394 }
395 
396 static Elf_Ehdr *
397 get_elf_header(int fd, const char *path, const struct stat *sbp,
398     Elf_Phdr **phdr_p)
399 {
400 	Elf_Ehdr *hdr;
401 	Elf_Phdr *phdr;
402 
403 	/* Make sure file has enough data for the ELF header */
404 	if (sbp != NULL && sbp->st_size < (off_t)sizeof(Elf_Ehdr)) {
405 		_rtld_error("%s: invalid file format", path);
406 		return (NULL);
407 	}
408 
409 	hdr = mmap(NULL, page_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_PREFAULT_READ,
410 	    fd, 0);
411 	if (hdr == MAP_FAILED) {
412 		_rtld_error("%s: read error: %s", path, rtld_strerror(errno));
413 		return (NULL);
414 	}
415 
416 	/* Make sure the file is valid */
417 	if (!check_elf_headers(hdr, path))
418 		goto error;
419 
420 	/*
421 	 * We rely on the program header being in the first page.  This is
422 	 * not strictly required by the ABI specification, but it seems to
423 	 * always true in practice.  And, it simplifies things considerably.
424 	 */
425 	if (phdr_in_zero_page(hdr)) {
426 		phdr = (Elf_Phdr *)((char *)hdr + hdr->e_phoff);
427 	} else {
428 		phdr = mmap(NULL, hdr->e_phnum * sizeof(phdr[0]), PROT_READ,
429 		    MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_PREFAULT_READ, fd, hdr->e_phoff);
430 		if (phdr == MAP_FAILED) {
431 			_rtld_error("%s: error mapping phdr: %s", path,
432 			    rtld_strerror(errno));
433 			goto error;
434 		}
435 	}
436 	*phdr_p = phdr;
437 	return (hdr);
438 
439 error:
440 	munmap(hdr, page_size);
441 	return (NULL);
442 }
443 
444 void
445 obj_free(Obj_Entry *obj)
446 {
447 	Objlist_Entry *elm;
448 
449 	if (obj->tls_static)
450 		free_tls_offset(obj);
451 	while (obj->needed != NULL) {
452 		Needed_Entry *needed = obj->needed;
453 
454 		obj->needed = needed->next;
455 		free(needed);
456 	}
457 	while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(&obj->names)) {
458 		Name_Entry *entry = STAILQ_FIRST(&obj->names);
459 
460 		STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&obj->names, link);
461 		free(entry);
462 	}
463 	while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(&obj->dldags)) {
464 		elm = STAILQ_FIRST(&obj->dldags);
465 		STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&obj->dldags, link);
466 		free(elm);
467 	}
468 	while (!STAILQ_EMPTY(&obj->dagmembers)) {
469 		elm = STAILQ_FIRST(&obj->dagmembers);
470 		STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&obj->dagmembers, link);
471 		free(elm);
472 	}
473 	if (obj->vertab)
474 		free(obj->vertab);
475 	if (obj->origin_path)
476 		free(obj->origin_path);
477 	if (obj->z_origin)
478 		free(__DECONST(void *, obj->rpath));
479 	if (obj->priv)
480 		free(obj->priv);
481 	if (obj->path)
482 		free(obj->path);
483 	if (obj->phdr_alloc)
484 		free(__DECONST(void *, obj->phdr));
485 	free(obj);
486 }
487 
488 Obj_Entry *
489 obj_new(void)
490 {
491 	Obj_Entry *obj;
492 
493 	obj = CNEW(Obj_Entry);
494 	STAILQ_INIT(&obj->dldags);
495 	STAILQ_INIT(&obj->dagmembers);
496 	STAILQ_INIT(&obj->names);
497 	return (obj);
498 }
499 
500 /*
501  * Given a set of ELF protection flags, return the corresponding protection
502  * flags for MMAP.
503  */
504 int
505 convert_prot(int elfflags)
506 {
507 	int prot = 0;
508 
509 	if ((elfflags & PF_R) != 0)
510 		prot |= PROT_READ;
511 	if ((elfflags & PF_W) != 0)
512 		prot |= PROT_WRITE;
513 	if ((elfflags & PF_X) != 0)
514 		prot |= PROT_EXEC;
515 	return (prot);
516 }
517 
518 static int
519 convert_flags(int elfflags)
520 {
521 	int flags = MAP_PRIVATE; /* All mappings are private */
522 
523 	/*
524 	 * Readonly mappings are marked "MAP_NOCORE", because they can be
525 	 * reconstructed by a debugger.
526 	 */
527 	if ((elfflags & PF_W) == 0)
528 		flags |= MAP_NOCORE;
529 	return (flags);
530 }
531