1.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" from: @(#)ttys.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" " 31.Dd August 3, 2018 32.Dt TTYS 5 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm ttys 36.Nd terminal initialization information 37.Sh DESCRIPTION 38The file 39.Nm 40contains information that is used by various routines to initialize 41and control the use of terminal special files. 42Pseudo-terminals (see 43.Xr pts 4 ) 44are not listed. 45This information is read with the 46.Xr getttyent 3 47library routines. 48There is one line in the 49.Nm 50file per special device file. 51Fields are separated by tabs and/or spaces. 52Fields comprised of more than one word should be enclosed in double 53quotes (``"''). 54Blank lines and comments may appear anywhere in the file; comments 55are delimited by hash marks (``#'') and new lines. 56Any unspecified fields will default to null. 57.Pp 58The first field is normally the 59name of the terminal special file as it is found in 60.Pa /dev . 61However, it can be any arbitrary string 62when the associated command is not related to a tty. 63.Pp 64The second field of the file is the command to execute for the line, 65usually 66.Xr getty 8 , 67which initializes and opens the line, setting the speed, waiting for 68a user name and executing the 69.Xr login 1 70program. 71It can be, however, any desired command, for example 72the start up for a window system terminal emulator or some other 73daemon process, and can contain multiple words if quoted. 74.Pp 75The third field is the type of terminal usually connected to that 76tty line, normally the one found in the 77.Xr termcap 5 78data base file. 79The environment variable 80.Ev TERM 81is initialized with the value by 82either 83.Xr getty 8 84or 85.Xr login 1 . 86.Pp 87The remaining fields set flags in the 88.Fa ty_status 89entry (see 90.Xr getttyent 3 ) , 91specify a window system process that 92.Xr init 8 93will maintain for the terminal line, optionally determine the 94type of tty (whether dialin, network or otherwise), 95or specify a tty group 96name that allows the login class database (see 97.Xr login.conf 5 ) 98to refer to many ttys as a group, to selectively allow or 99deny access or enable or disable accounting facilities for 100ttys as a group. 101.Pp 102As flag values, the strings ``on'' and ``off'' specify that 103.Xr init 8 104should (should not) execute the command given in the second field. 105``onifconsole'' will cause this line to be enabled if and only if it is 106an active kernel console device (it is equivalent to ``on'' in this 107case). 108The flag ``onifexists'' will cause this line to be enabled if and only 109if the name exists. 110If the name starts with a ``/'', it will be considered an absolute 111path. 112Otherwise, it is considered a path relative to 113.Pa /dev . 114The flag ``secure'' (if the console is enabled) allows users with a 115uid of 0 to login on 116this line. 117The flag ``dialin'' indicates that a tty entry describes a dialin 118line, and ``network'' is obsolete and does nothing. 119Either of these strings may also be specified in the terminal type 120field. 121The string ``window='' may be followed by a quoted command 122string which 123.Xr init 8 124will execute 125.Em before 126starting the command specified by the second field. 127.Pp 128The string ``group='' may be followed by a group name comprised of 129alphanumeric characters that can be used by 130.Xr login.conf 5 131to refer to many tty lines as a group to enable or disable access 132and accounting facilities. 133If no group is specified, then the tty becomes a member of the group 134"none". 135For backwards compatibility, the ``group='' should appear last on the 136line, immediately before the optional comment. 137.Pp 138Both the second field and any command specified with ``window='' 139will be split into words and executed using 140.Xr execve 2 . 141Words are separated by any combinations of tabs and spaces. 142Arguments containing whitespace should be enclosed in single quotes 143.Pq Li ' . 144Note that no shell-style globbing or other variable substitution occurs. 145.Sh FILES 146.Bl -tag -width /etc/ttys -compact 147.It Pa /etc/ttys 148.El 149.Sh EXAMPLES 150.Bd -literal 151# root login on console at 1200 baud 152console "/usr/libexec/getty std.1200" vt100 on secure 153# dialup at 1200 baud, no root logins 154ttyd0 "/usr/libexec/getty d1200" dialup on group=dialup # 555-1234 155# Mike's terminal: hp2621 156ttyh0 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" hp2621-nl on group=dialup # 457 Evans 157# John's terminal: vt100 158ttyh1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600" vt100 on group=dialup # 459 Evans 159# terminal emulate/window system 160ttyv0 "/usr/local/bin/xterm -display :0" xterm on window="/usr/local/bin/X :0" 161.Ed 162.Sh SEE ALSO 163.Xr login 1 , 164.Xr getttyent 3 , 165.Xr gettytab 5 , 166.Xr login.conf 5 , 167.Xr termcap 5 , 168.Xr getty 8 , 169.Xr init 8 , 170.Xr pam_securetty 8 , 171.Xr pstat 8 172.Sh HISTORY 173A 174.Nm 175file appeared in 176.At v6 . 177