1.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" from: @(#)gettytab.5 8.4 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" " 35.Dd April 19, 1994 36.Dt GETTYTAB 5 37.Os BSD 4.2 38.\" turn off hyphenation 39.hym 999 40.Sh NAME 41.Nm gettytab 42.Nd terminal configuration data base 43.Sh SYNOPSIS 44.Nm gettytab 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48file 49is a simplified version of the 50.Xr termcap 5 51data base 52used to describe terminal lines. 53The initial terminal login process 54.Xr getty 8 55accesses the 56.Nm 57file each time it starts, allowing simpler 58reconfiguration of terminal characteristics. 59Each entry in the data base 60is used to describe one class of terminals. 61.Pp 62There is a default terminal class, 63.Em default , 64that is used to set global defaults for all other classes. 65(That is, the 66.Em default 67entry is read, then the entry for the class required 68is used to override particular settings.) 69.Sh CAPABILITIES 70Refer to 71.Xr termcap 5 72for a description of the file layout. 73The 74.Em default 75column below lists defaults obtained if there is 76no entry in the table obtained, nor one in the special 77.Em default 78table. 79.Bl -column Namexx /usr/bin/login Default 80.It Sy Name Type Default Description 81.It "ac str unused expect-send chat script for modem answer" 82.It "al str unused user to auto-login instead of prompting" 83.It "ap bool false terminal uses any parity" 84.It "bk str 0377 alternate end of line character (input break)" 85.It "c0 num unused tty control flags to write messages" 86.It "c1 num unused tty control flags to read login name" 87.It "c2 num unused tty control flags to leave terminal as" 88.It "ce bool false use crt erase algorithm" 89.It "ck bool false use crt kill algorithm" 90.It "cl str" Ta Dv NULL Ta 91.No "screen clear sequence" 92.It "co bool false console - add" 93.Ql \en 94after login prompt 95.It "ct num 10 chat timeout for ac/ic scripts" 96.It "dc num 0 chat debug bitmask" 97.It "de num 0 delay secs and flush input before writing first prompt" 98.It "ds str" Ta So Li ^Y Sc Ta 99.No "delayed suspend character" 100.It "dx bool false set" 101.Dv DECCTLQ 102.It "ec bool false leave echo" 103.Tn OFF 104.It "ep bool false terminal uses even parity" 105.It "er str" Ta So Li ^? Sc Ta 106.No "erase character" 107.It "et str" Ta So Li ^D Sc Ta 108.No "end of text" 109.Pq Dv EOF 110character 111.It "ev str" Ta Dv NULL Ta 112.No "initial environment" 113.It "f0 num unused tty mode flags to write messages" 114.It "f1 num unused tty mode flags to read login name" 115.It "f2 num unused tty mode flags to leave terminal as" 116.It "fl str" Ta So Li ^O Sc Ta 117.No "output flush character" 118.It "hc bool false do" 119.Tn NOT 120hangup line on last close 121.It "he str" Ta Dv NULL Ta 122.No "hostname editing string" 123.It "hn str hostname hostname" 124.It "ht bool false terminal has real tabs" 125.It "hw bool false do cts/rts hardware flow control" 126.It "i0 num unused tty input flags to write messages" 127.It "i1 num unused tty input flags to read login name" 128.It "i2 num unused tty input flags to leave terminal as" 129.It "ic str unused expect-send chat script for modem initialization" 130.It "if str unused display named file before prompt, like /etc/issue" 131.It "ig bool false ignore garbage characters in login name" 132.It "im str" Ta Dv NULL Ta 133.No "initial (banner) message" 134.It "in str" Ta So Li ^C Sc Ta 135.No "interrupt character" 136.It "is num unused input speed" 137.It "kl str" Ta So Li ^U Sc Ta 138.No "kill character" 139.It "l0 num unused tty local flags to write messages" 140.It "l1 num unused tty local flags to read login name" 141.It "l2 num unused tty local flags to leave terminal as" 142.It "lm str login: login prompt" 143.It "ln str" Ta So Li ^V Sc Ta 144.No "``literal next'' character" 145.It "lo str" Ta Pa /usr/bin/login Ta 146.No "program to exec when name obtained" 147.It "mb bool false do flow control based on carrier" 148.It "nc bool false terminal does not supply carrier (set clocal)" 149.It "nl bool false terminal has (or might have) a newline character" 150.It "np bool false terminal uses no parity (i.e. 8-bit characters)" 151.It "nx str default next table (for auto speed selection)" 152.It "o0 num unused tty output flags to write messages" 153.It "o1 num unused tty output flags to read login name" 154.It "o2 num unused tty output flags to leave terminal as" 155.It "op bool false terminal uses odd parity" 156.It "os num unused output speed" 157.It "pc str" Ta So Li \e0 Sc Ta 158.No "pad character" 159.It "pe bool false use printer (hard copy) erase algorithm" 160.It "pf num 0 delay" 161between first prompt and following flush (seconds) 162.It "pp str unused PPP authentication program" 163.It "ps bool false line connected to a" 164.Tn MICOM 165port selector 166.It "qu str" Ta So Li \&^\e Sc Ta 167.No "quit character" 168.It "rp str" Ta So Li ^R Sc Ta 169.No "line retype character" 170.It "rt num unused ring timeout when using ac" 171.It "rw bool false do" 172.Tn NOT 173use raw for input, use cbreak 174.It "sp num unused line speed (input and output)" 175.It "su str" Ta So Li ^Z Sc Ta 176.No "suspend character" 177.It "tc str none table continuation" 178.It "to num 0 timeout (seconds)" 179.It "tt str" Ta Dv NULL Ta 180.No "terminal type (for environment)" 181.It "ub bool false do unbuffered output (of prompts etc)" 182.It "we str" Ta So Li ^W Sc Ta 183.No "word erase character" 184.It xc bool false do 185.Tn NOT 186echo control chars as 187.Ql ^X 188.It "xf str" Ta So Li ^S Sc Ta Dv XOFF 189(stop output) character 190.It "xn str" Ta So Li ^Q Sc Ta Dv XON 191(start output) character 192.It "Lo str C the locale name used for \&%d in the banner message" 193.El 194.Pp 195The following capabilities are no longer supported by 196.Xr getty 8 Ns : 197.Bl -column Namexx /usr/bin/login Default 198.It "bd num 0 backspace delay" 199.It "cb bool false use crt backspace mode" 200.It "cd num 0 carriage-return delay" 201.It "fd num 0 form-feed (vertical motion) delay" 202.It "lc bool false terminal has lower case" 203.It "nd num 0 newline (line-feed) delay" 204.It "uc bool false terminal is known upper case only" 205.El 206.Pp 207If no line speed is specified, speed will not be altered 208from that which prevails when getty is entered. 209Specifying an input or output speed will override 210line speed for stated direction only. 211.Pp 212Terminal modes to be used for the output of the message, 213for input of the login name, 214and to leave the terminal set as upon completion, 215are derived from the boolean flags specified. 216If the derivation should prove inadequate, 217any (or all) of these three may be overridden 218with one of the 219.Em \&c0 , 220.Em \&c1 , 221.Em \&c2 , 222.Em \&i0 , 223.Em \&i1 , 224.Em \&i2 , 225.Em \&l0 , 226.Em \&l1 , 227.Em \&l2 , 228.Em \&o0 , 229.Em \&o1 , 230or 231.Em \&o2 232numeric specifications, which can be used to specify 233(usually in octal, with a leading '0') 234the exact values of the flags. 235These flags correspond to the termios 236.Em c_cflag , 237.Em c_iflag , 238.Em c_lflag , 239and 240.Em c_oflag 241fields, respectively. Each these sets must be completely specified to be 242effective. 243The 244.Em \&f0 , 245.Em \&f1 , 246and 247.Em \&f2 248are excepted for backwards compatibility with a previous incarnation of 249the TTY sub-system. In these flags the bottom 16 bits of the (32 bits) 250value contain the sgttyb 251.Em sg_flags 252field, while the top 16 bits represent the local mode word. 253.Pp 254Should 255.Xr getty 8 256receive a null character 257(presumed to indicate a line break) 258it will restart using the table indicated by the 259.Em nx 260entry. If there is none, it will re-use its original table. 261.Pp 262Delays are specified in milliseconds, the nearest possible 263delay available in the tty driver will be used. 264Should greater certainty be desired, delays 265with values 0, 1, 2, and 3 are interpreted as 266choosing that particular delay algorithm from the driver. 267.Pp 268The 269.Em \&cl 270screen clear string may be preceded by a (decimal) number 271of milliseconds of delay required (a la termcap). 272This delay is simulated by repeated use of the pad character 273.Em \&pc . 274.Pp 275The initial message, login message, and initial file; 276.Em \&im , 277.Em \&lm 278and 279.Em \&if 280may include any of the following character sequences, which expand to 281information about the environment in which 282.Xr getty 8 283is running. 284.Pp 285.Bl -tag -offset indent -width \&%xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 286.It \&%d 287The current date and time in the locale's representation as of the 288.Em \&Lo 289string 290(the \&%+ format of 291.Xr strftime 3 ). 292.It \&%h 293The hostname of the machine, which is normally obtained from the 294system using 295.Xr gethostname 3 , 296but may also be overridden by the 297.Em \&hn 298table entry. 299In either case it may be edited with the 300.Em \&he 301string. 302A '@' in the 303.Em \&he 304string causes one character from the real hostname to 305be copied to the final hostname. 306A '#' in the 307.Em \&he 308string causes the next character of the real hostname 309to be skipped. 310Each character that 311is neither '@' nor '#' is copied into the final hostname. 312Surplus '@' and '#' characters are ignored. 313.It \&%t 314The tty name. 315.It "\&%m, \&%r, \&%s, \&%v" 316The type of machine, release of the operating system, name of the 317operating system, and version of the kernel, respectively, as 318returned by 319.Xr uname 3 . 320.It \&%% 321A 322.Dq % 323character. 324.El 325.Pp 326When getty execs the login process, given 327in the 328.Em \&lo 329string (usually 330.Dq Pa /usr/bin/login ) , 331it will have set 332the environment to include the terminal type, as indicated 333by the 334.Em \&tt 335string (if it exists). 336The 337.Em \&ev 338string, can be used to enter additional data into 339the environment. 340It is a list of comma separated strings, each of which 341will presumably be of the form 342.Em name=value . 343.Pp 344If a non-zero timeout is specified, with 345.Em \&to , 346then getty will exit within the indicated 347number of seconds, either having 348received a login name and passed control 349to 350.Xr login 1 , 351or having received an alarm signal, and exited. 352This may be useful to hangup dial in lines. 353.Pp 354Output from 355.Xr getty 8 356is even parity unless 357.Em \&op 358or 359.Em \&np 360is specified. 361The 362.Em \&op 363string 364may be specified with 365.Em \&ap 366to allow any parity on input, but generate odd parity output. 367Note: this only applies while getty is being run, 368terminal driver limitations prevent a more complete 369implementation. 370.Xr Getty 8 371does not check parity of input characters in 372.Dv RAW 373mode. 374.Pp 375If 376.Em \&pp 377string is specified and a PPP link bring up sequence is recognized, 378getty will invoke the program referenced by the pp option. This 379can be used to handle incoming PPP calls. 380.Pp 381.Nm Getty 382provides some basic intelligent modem handling by providing a chat 383script feature available via two capabilities: 384.Pp 385.Bl -tag -offset indent -width \&xxxxxxxx -compact 386.It ic 387Chat script to initialize modem. 388.It ac 389Chat script to answer a call. 390.El 391.Pp 392A chat script is a set of expect/send string pairs. 393When a chat string starts, 394.Nm getty 395will wait for the first string, and if it finds it, will send the 396second, and so on. 397Strings specified are separated by one or more tabs or spaces. 398Strings may contain standard ASCII characters and special 'escapes', 399which consist of a backslash character followed by one or more 400characters which are interpreted as follows: 401.Pp 402.Bl -tag -offset indent -width \&xxxxxxxx -compact 403.It \ea 404bell character. 405.It \eb 406backspace. 407.It \en 408newline. 409.It \ee 410escape. 411.It \ef 412formfeed. 413.It \ep 414half-second pause. 415.It \er 416carriage return. 417.It \eS, \es 418space character. 419.It \et 420tab. 421.It \exNN 422hexadecimal byte value. 423.It \e0NNN 424octal byte value. 425.El 426.Pp 427Note that the 428.Ql \ep 429sequence is only valid for send strings and causes a half-second 430pause between sending the previous and next characters. 431Hexidecimal values are, at most, 2 hex digits long, and octal 432values are a maximum of 3 octal digits. 433.Pp 434The 435.Em \&ic 436chat sequence is used to initialize a modem or similar device. 437A typical example of an init chat script for a modem with a 438hayes compatible command set might look like this: 439.Pp 440.Dl :ic="" ATE0Q0V1\er OK\er ATS0=0\er OK\er: 441.Pp 442This script waits for nothing (which always succeeds), sends 443a sequence to ensure that the modem is in the correct mode 444(suppress command echo, send responses in verbose mode), 445and then disables auto-answer. 446It waits for an "OK" response before it terminates. 447The init sequence is used to check modem responses to ensure that 448the modem is functioning correctly. 449If the init script fails to complete, 450.Nm getty 451considers this to be fatal, and results in an error logged via 452.Xr syslogd 8 , 453and exiting. 454.Pp 455Similarly, an answer chat script is used to manually answer the 456phone in response to (usually) a "RING". 457When run with an answer script, 458.Nm getty 459opens the port in non-blocking mode, clears any extraneous input 460and waits for data on the port. 461As soon as any data is available, the answer chat script is 462started and scanned for a string, and responds according to 463the answer chat script. 464With a hayes compatible modem, this would normally look something 465like: 466.Pp 467.Dl :ac=RING\er ATA\er CONNECT: 468.Pp 469This causes the modem to answer the call via the "ATA" command, 470then scans input for a "CONNECT" string. 471If this is received before a 472.Em \&ct timeout, then a normal login sequence commences. 473.Pp 474The 475.Em \&ct 476capability specifies a timeout for all send and expect strings. 477This timeout is set individually for each expect wait and send 478string and must be at least as long as the time it takes for 479a connection to be established between a remote and local 480modem (usually around 10 seconds). 481.Pp 482In most situations, you will want to flush any additional 483input after the connection has been detected, and the 484.Em \&de 485capability may be used to do that, as well as delay for a 486short time after the connection has been established during 487which all of the connection data has been sent by the modem. 488.Pp 489.Sh SEE ALSO 490.Xr login 1 , 491.Xr gethostname 3 , 492.Xr uname 3 , 493.Xr termcap 5 , 494.Xr getty 8 , 495.Xr telnetd 8 . 496.Sh BUGS 497The special characters (erase, kill, etc.) are reset to system defaults 498by 499.Xr login 1 . 500In 501.Em all 502cases, '#' or '^H' typed in a login name will be treated as 503an erase character, and '@' will be treated as a kill character. 504.Pp 505The delay stuff is a real crock. 506Apart form its general lack of flexibility, some 507of the delay algorithms are not implemented. 508The terminal driver should support sane delay settings. 509.Pp 510The 511.Em \&he 512capability is stupid. 513.Pp 514The 515.Xr termcap 5 516format is horrid, something more rational should 517have been chosen. 518.Sh HISTORY 519The 520.Nm 521file format appeared in 522.Bx 4.2 . 523