1*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /*-
2*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3*ae417b31SSteve Kargl *
4*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * Copyright (c) 2026 Steven G. Kargl
5*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * All rights reserved.
6*ae417b31SSteve Kargl *
7*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * are met:
10*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following
12*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * disclaimer.
13*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16*ae417b31SSteve Kargl *
17*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27*ae417b31SSteve Kargl */
28*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
29*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /**
30*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * src/s_asinpi.c for implementation details.
31*ae417b31SSteve Kargl */
32*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
33*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #include "math.h"
34*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #include "math_private.h"
35*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
36*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #define _CC (0x1p12F + 1)
37*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #define _ROOT sqrtf
38*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
39*ae417b31SSteve Kargl volatile static const float tiny = 1.e-30;
40*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static const float half = 0.5f, one = 1.f;
41*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
42*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /* Full precision high and low parts of 1 / pi. */
43*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static const float
44*ae417b31SSteve Kargl invpihi = 3.18309873e-01f,
45*ae417b31SSteve Kargl invpilo = 1.28412765e-08f;
46*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
47*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /*
48*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * Prior to the leading multiplication by x^2, the rational approximation
49*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * has an absolute minimax error less than 2.8e-10 over the [0x1p-12,0.5]
50*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * domain (or log2(error) = -31.7).
51*ae417b31SSteve Kargl */
52*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static inline float
__r(float xs)53*ae417b31SSteve Kargl __r(float xs)
54*ae417b31SSteve Kargl {
55*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static const float
56*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R0 = 5.30516468e-02f,
57*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R1 = -3.80413085e-02f,
58*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R2 = 1.74116367e-03f,
59*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S1 = -1.16706085e+00f,
60*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S2 = 2.90115148e-01f;
61*ae417b31SSteve Kargl float r, s;
62*ae417b31SSteve Kargl r = R0 + (R1 + R2 * xs) * xs;
63*ae417b31SSteve Kargl s = 1 + (S1 + S2 * xs) * xs;
64*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return (xs * (r / s));
65*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
66*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
67*ae417b31SSteve Kargl float
asinpif(float x)68*ae417b31SSteve Kargl asinpif(float x)
69*ae417b31SSteve Kargl {
70*ae417b31SSteve Kargl float ax, hi, lo, xh, xl, y, zh, zl;
71*ae417b31SSteve Kargl uint32_t hx, ix;
72*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
73*ae417b31SSteve Kargl GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx, x);
74*ae417b31SSteve Kargl ix = hx & 0x7fffffff;
75*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
76*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /* |x| > 1 */
77*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix > 0x3f800000)
78*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return ((x - x) / (x - x));
79*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
80*ae417b31SSteve Kargl SET_FLOAT_WORD(ax, ix);
81*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
82*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix <= 0x3f000000) { /* |x| <= 0.5 */
83*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix < 0x39800000) { /* |x| < 0x1p-12 */
84*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix < 0x03800000) { /* |x| < 0x1p-120 */
85*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix == 0)
86*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return (x);
87*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /* Scale for near subnormal. */
88*ae417b31SSteve Kargl ax *= 0x1p25f;
89*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(ax, 0, invpihi, invpilo, hi, lo);
90*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = (hi + lo) * 0x1p-25f;
91*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else {
92*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(ax, 0, invpihi, invpilo, hi, lo);
93*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = hi + lo;
94*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
95*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else {
96*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = __r(ax * ax);
97*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, y, 0, xh, xl);
98*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(ax, 0, xh, xl, hi, lo);
99*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = hi + lo;
100*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
101*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else if (ix < 0x3f800000) { /* |x| < 1 */
102*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = 1 - ax;
103*ae417b31SSteve Kargl x = __r(y / 2);
104*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, x, 0, xh, xl);
105*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _SQRT(2 * y, zh, zl);
106*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(xh, xl, zh, zl, hi, lo);
107*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(half, 0, -hi, -lo, y, x);
108*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else /* |x| == 1 */
109*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = half;
110*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
111*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return ((hx & 0x80000000) ? -y : y);
112*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
113*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
114*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
115*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /*
116*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * See src/s_asinpi.c for implementation details.
117*ae417b31SSteve Kargl */
118*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
119*ae417b31SSteve Kargl float
acospif(float x)120*ae417b31SSteve Kargl acospif(float x)
121*ae417b31SSteve Kargl {
122*ae417b31SSteve Kargl float ax, hi, lo, xh, xl, y, zh, zl;
123*ae417b31SSteve Kargl uint32_t hx, ix;
124*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
125*ae417b31SSteve Kargl GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx, x);
126*ae417b31SSteve Kargl ix = hx & 0x7fffffff;
127*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
128*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /* |x| > 1 */
129*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix > 0x3f800000)
130*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return ((x - x) / (x - x));
131*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
132*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix <= 0x3f000000) { /* |x| <= 0.5 */
133*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ix <= 0x3a800000) { /* |x| <= 0x1p-10 */
134*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = (ix == 0) ? half : ((ix < 0x33800000) ?
135*ae417b31SSteve Kargl half - tiny : half - x * invpihi);
136*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else {
137*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = __r(x * x);
138*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, y, 0, xh, xl);
139*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(x, 0, xh, xl, hi, lo);
140*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(half, 0, -hi, -lo, y, ax);
141*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
142*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else if (ix < 0x3f800000) { /* |x| < 1 */
143*ae417b31SSteve Kargl SET_FLOAT_WORD(ax, ix);
144*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = 1 - ax;
145*ae417b31SSteve Kargl ax = __r(y / 2);
146*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, ax, 0, xh, xl);
147*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _SQRT(2 * y, zh, zl);
148*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(xh, xl, zh, zl, hi, lo);
149*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (hx & 0x80000000)
150*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(one, 0, -hi, -lo, y, ax);
151*ae417b31SSteve Kargl else
152*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = hi + lo;
153*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else /* |x| == 1 */
154*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = hx & 0x80000000 ? 1 : 0;
155*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
156*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return (y);
157*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
158