xref: /freebsd/lib/msun/src/e_j1.c (revision 952d112864d8008aa87278a30a539d888a8493cd)
1 /* @(#)e_j1.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
2 /*
3  * ====================================================
4  * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
8  * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
9  * is preserved.
10  * ====================================================
11  */
12 
13 #ifndef lint
14 static char rcsid[] = "$Id$";
15 #endif
16 
17 /* __ieee754_j1(x), __ieee754_y1(x)
18  * Bessel function of the first and second kinds of order zero.
19  * Method -- j1(x):
20  *	1. For tiny x, we use j1(x) = x/2 - x^3/16 + x^5/384 - ...
21  *	2. Reduce x to |x| since j1(x)=-j1(-x),  and
22  *	   for x in (0,2)
23  *		j1(x) = x/2 + x*z*R0/S0,  where z = x*x;
24  *	   (precision:  |j1/x - 1/2 - R0/S0 |<2**-61.51 )
25  *	   for x in (2,inf)
26  * 		j1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*cos(x1)-q1(x)*sin(x1))
27  * 		y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x1)+q1(x)*cos(x1))
28  * 	   where x1 = x-3*pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x1),cos(x1)
29  *	   as follow:
30  *		cos(x1) =  cos(x)cos(3pi/4)+sin(x)sin(3pi/4)
31  *			=  1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
32  *		sin(x1) =  sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
33  *			= -1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) + cos(x))
34  * 	   (To avoid cancellation, use
35  *		sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
36  * 	    to compute the worse one.)
37  *
38  *	3 Special cases
39  *		j1(nan)= nan
40  *		j1(0) = 0
41  *		j1(inf) = 0
42  *
43  * Method -- y1(x):
44  *	1. screen out x<=0 cases: y1(0)=-inf, y1(x<0)=NaN
45  *	2. For x<2.
46  *	   Since
47  *		y1(x) = 2/pi*(j1(x)*(ln(x/2)+Euler)-1/x-x/2+5/64*x^3-...)
48  *	   therefore y1(x)-2/pi*j1(x)*ln(x)-1/x is an odd function.
49  *	   We use the following function to approximate y1,
50  *		y1(x) = x*U(z)/V(z) + (2/pi)*(j1(x)*ln(x)-1/x), z= x^2
51  *	   where for x in [0,2] (abs err less than 2**-65.89)
52  *		U(z) = U0[0] + U0[1]*z + ... + U0[4]*z^4
53  *		V(z) = 1  + v0[0]*z + ... + v0[4]*z^5
54  *	   Note: For tiny x, 1/x dominate y1 and hence
55  *		y1(tiny) = -2/pi/tiny, (choose tiny<2**-54)
56  *	3. For x>=2.
57  * 		y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x1)+q1(x)*cos(x1))
58  * 	   where x1 = x-3*pi/4. It is better to compute sin(x1),cos(x1)
59  *	   by method mentioned above.
60  */
61 
62 #include "math.h"
63 #include "math_private.h"
64 
65 #ifdef __STDC__
66 static double pone(double), qone(double);
67 #else
68 static double pone(), qone();
69 #endif
70 
71 #ifdef __STDC__
72 static const double
73 #else
74 static double
75 #endif
76 huge    = 1e300,
77 one	= 1.0,
78 invsqrtpi=  5.64189583547756279280e-01, /* 0x3FE20DD7, 0x50429B6D */
79 tpi      =  6.36619772367581382433e-01, /* 0x3FE45F30, 0x6DC9C883 */
80 	/* R0/S0 on [0,2] */
81 r00  = -6.25000000000000000000e-02, /* 0xBFB00000, 0x00000000 */
82 r01  =  1.40705666955189706048e-03, /* 0x3F570D9F, 0x98472C61 */
83 r02  = -1.59955631084035597520e-05, /* 0xBEF0C5C6, 0xBA169668 */
84 r03  =  4.96727999609584448412e-08, /* 0x3E6AAAFA, 0x46CA0BD9 */
85 s01  =  1.91537599538363460805e-02, /* 0x3F939D0B, 0x12637E53 */
86 s02  =  1.85946785588630915560e-04, /* 0x3F285F56, 0xB9CDF664 */
87 s03  =  1.17718464042623683263e-06, /* 0x3EB3BFF8, 0x333F8498 */
88 s04  =  5.04636257076217042715e-09, /* 0x3E35AC88, 0xC97DFF2C */
89 s05  =  1.23542274426137913908e-11; /* 0x3DAB2ACF, 0xCFB97ED8 */
90 
91 #ifdef __STDC__
92 static const double zero    = 0.0;
93 #else
94 static double zero    = 0.0;
95 #endif
96 
97 #ifdef __STDC__
98 	double __ieee754_j1(double x)
99 #else
100 	double __ieee754_j1(x)
101 	double x;
102 #endif
103 {
104 	double z, s,c,ss,cc,r,u,v,y;
105 	int32_t hx,ix;
106 
107 	GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
108 	ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
109 	if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return one/x;
110 	y = fabs(x);
111 	if(ix >= 0x40000000) {	/* |x| >= 2.0 */
112 		s = sin(y);
113 		c = cos(y);
114 		ss = -s-c;
115 		cc = s-c;
116 		if(ix<0x7fe00000) {  /* make sure y+y not overflow */
117 		    z = cos(y+y);
118 		    if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
119 		    else 	    ss = z/cc;
120 		}
121 	/*
122 	 * j1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*cc - Q(1,x)*ss) / sqrt(x)
123 	 * y1(x) = 1/sqrt(pi) * (P(1,x)*ss + Q(1,x)*cc) / sqrt(x)
124 	 */
125 		if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*cc)/sqrt(y);
126 		else {
127 		    u = pone(y); v = qone(y);
128 		    z = invsqrtpi*(u*cc-v*ss)/sqrt(y);
129 		}
130 		if(hx<0) return -z;
131 		else  	 return  z;
132 	}
133 	if(ix<0x3e400000) {	/* |x|<2**-27 */
134 	    if(huge+x>one) return 0.5*x;/* inexact if x!=0 necessary */
135 	}
136 	z = x*x;
137 	r =  z*(r00+z*(r01+z*(r02+z*r03)));
138 	s =  one+z*(s01+z*(s02+z*(s03+z*(s04+z*s05))));
139 	r *= x;
140 	return(x*0.5+r/s);
141 }
142 
143 #ifdef __STDC__
144 static const double U0[5] = {
145 #else
146 static double U0[5] = {
147 #endif
148  -1.96057090646238940668e-01, /* 0xBFC91866, 0x143CBC8A */
149   5.04438716639811282616e-02, /* 0x3FA9D3C7, 0x76292CD1 */
150  -1.91256895875763547298e-03, /* 0xBF5F55E5, 0x4844F50F */
151   2.35252600561610495928e-05, /* 0x3EF8AB03, 0x8FA6B88E */
152  -9.19099158039878874504e-08, /* 0xBE78AC00, 0x569105B8 */
153 };
154 #ifdef __STDC__
155 static const double V0[5] = {
156 #else
157 static double V0[5] = {
158 #endif
159   1.99167318236649903973e-02, /* 0x3F94650D, 0x3F4DA9F0 */
160   2.02552581025135171496e-04, /* 0x3F2A8C89, 0x6C257764 */
161   1.35608801097516229404e-06, /* 0x3EB6C05A, 0x894E8CA6 */
162   6.22741452364621501295e-09, /* 0x3E3ABF1D, 0x5BA69A86 */
163   1.66559246207992079114e-11, /* 0x3DB25039, 0xDACA772A */
164 };
165 
166 #ifdef __STDC__
167 	double __ieee754_y1(double x)
168 #else
169 	double __ieee754_y1(x)
170 	double x;
171 #endif
172 {
173 	double z, s,c,ss,cc,u,v;
174 	int32_t hx,ix,lx;
175 
176 	EXTRACT_WORDS(hx,lx,x);
177         ix = 0x7fffffff&hx;
178     /* if Y1(NaN) is NaN, Y1(-inf) is NaN, Y1(inf) is 0 */
179 	if(ix>=0x7ff00000) return  one/(x+x*x);
180         if((ix|lx)==0) return -one/zero;
181         if(hx<0) return zero/zero;
182         if(ix >= 0x40000000) {  /* |x| >= 2.0 */
183                 s = sin(x);
184                 c = cos(x);
185                 ss = -s-c;
186                 cc = s-c;
187                 if(ix<0x7fe00000) {  /* make sure x+x not overflow */
188                     z = cos(x+x);
189                     if ((s*c)>zero) cc = z/ss;
190                     else            ss = z/cc;
191                 }
192         /* y1(x) = sqrt(2/(pi*x))*(p1(x)*sin(x0)+q1(x)*cos(x0))
193          * where x0 = x-3pi/4
194          *      Better formula:
195          *              cos(x0) = cos(x)cos(3pi/4)+sin(x)sin(3pi/4)
196          *                      =  1/sqrt(2) * (sin(x) - cos(x))
197          *              sin(x0) = sin(x)cos(3pi/4)-cos(x)sin(3pi/4)
198          *                      = -1/sqrt(2) * (cos(x) + sin(x))
199          * To avoid cancellation, use
200          *              sin(x) +- cos(x) = -cos(2x)/(sin(x) -+ cos(x))
201          * to compute the worse one.
202          */
203                 if(ix>0x48000000) z = (invsqrtpi*ss)/sqrt(x);
204                 else {
205                     u = pone(x); v = qone(x);
206                     z = invsqrtpi*(u*ss+v*cc)/sqrt(x);
207                 }
208                 return z;
209         }
210         if(ix<=0x3c900000) {    /* x < 2**-54 */
211             return(-tpi/x);
212         }
213         z = x*x;
214         u = U0[0]+z*(U0[1]+z*(U0[2]+z*(U0[3]+z*U0[4])));
215         v = one+z*(V0[0]+z*(V0[1]+z*(V0[2]+z*(V0[3]+z*V0[4]))));
216         return(x*(u/v) + tpi*(__ieee754_j1(x)*__ieee754_log(x)-one/x));
217 }
218 
219 /* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of pone is
220  *	1 + 15/128 s^2 - 4725/2^15 s^4 - ...,	where s = 1/x.
221  * We approximate pone by
222  * 	pone(x) = 1 + (R/S)
223  * where  R = pr0 + pr1*s^2 + pr2*s^4 + ... + pr5*s^10
224  * 	  S = 1 + ps0*s^2 + ... + ps4*s^10
225  * and
226  *	| pone(x)-1-R/S | <= 2  ** ( -60.06)
227  */
228 
229 #ifdef __STDC__
230 static const double pr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
231 #else
232 static double pr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
233 #endif
234   0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
235   1.17187499999988647970e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFFF, 0xFFFFFCCE */
236   1.32394806593073575129e+01, /* 0x402A7A9D, 0x357F7FCE */
237   4.12051854307378562225e+02, /* 0x4079C0D4, 0x652EA590 */
238   3.87474538913960532227e+03, /* 0x40AE457D, 0xA3A532CC */
239   7.91447954031891731574e+03, /* 0x40BEEA7A, 0xC32782DD */
240 };
241 #ifdef __STDC__
242 static const double ps8[5] = {
243 #else
244 static double ps8[5] = {
245 #endif
246   1.14207370375678408436e+02, /* 0x405C8D45, 0x8E656CAC */
247   3.65093083420853463394e+03, /* 0x40AC85DC, 0x964D274F */
248   3.69562060269033463555e+04, /* 0x40E20B86, 0x97C5BB7F */
249   9.76027935934950801311e+04, /* 0x40F7D42C, 0xB28F17BB */
250   3.08042720627888811578e+04, /* 0x40DE1511, 0x697A0B2D */
251 };
252 
253 #ifdef __STDC__
254 static const double pr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
255 #else
256 static double pr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
257 #endif
258   1.31990519556243522749e-11, /* 0x3DAD0667, 0xDAE1CA7D */
259   1.17187493190614097638e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFFF, 0xE2C10043 */
260   6.80275127868432871736e+00, /* 0x401B3604, 0x6E6315E3 */
261   1.08308182990189109773e+02, /* 0x405B13B9, 0x452602ED */
262   5.17636139533199752805e+02, /* 0x40802D16, 0xD052D649 */
263   5.28715201363337541807e+02, /* 0x408085B8, 0xBB7E0CB7 */
264 };
265 #ifdef __STDC__
266 static const double ps5[5] = {
267 #else
268 static double ps5[5] = {
269 #endif
270   5.92805987221131331921e+01, /* 0x404DA3EA, 0xA8AF633D */
271   9.91401418733614377743e+02, /* 0x408EFB36, 0x1B066701 */
272   5.35326695291487976647e+03, /* 0x40B4E944, 0x5706B6FB */
273   7.84469031749551231769e+03, /* 0x40BEA4B0, 0xB8A5BB15 */
274   1.50404688810361062679e+03, /* 0x40978030, 0x036F5E51 */
275 };
276 
277 #ifdef __STDC__
278 static const double pr3[6] = {
279 #else
280 static double pr3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
281 #endif
282   3.02503916137373618024e-09, /* 0x3E29FC21, 0xA7AD9EDD */
283   1.17186865567253592491e-01, /* 0x3FBDFFF5, 0x5B21D17B */
284   3.93297750033315640650e+00, /* 0x400F76BC, 0xE85EAD8A */
285   3.51194035591636932736e+01, /* 0x40418F48, 0x9DA6D129 */
286   9.10550110750781271918e+01, /* 0x4056C385, 0x4D2C1837 */
287   4.85590685197364919645e+01, /* 0x4048478F, 0x8EA83EE5 */
288 };
289 #ifdef __STDC__
290 static const double ps3[5] = {
291 #else
292 static double ps3[5] = {
293 #endif
294   3.47913095001251519989e+01, /* 0x40416549, 0xA134069C */
295   3.36762458747825746741e+02, /* 0x40750C33, 0x07F1A75F */
296   1.04687139975775130551e+03, /* 0x40905B7C, 0x5037D523 */
297   8.90811346398256432622e+02, /* 0x408BD67D, 0xA32E31E9 */
298   1.03787932439639277504e+02, /* 0x4059F26D, 0x7C2EED53 */
299 };
300 
301 #ifdef __STDC__
302 static const double pr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
303 #else
304 static double pr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
305 #endif
306   1.07710830106873743082e-07, /* 0x3E7CE9D4, 0xF65544F4 */
307   1.17176219462683348094e-01, /* 0x3FBDFF42, 0xBE760D83 */
308   2.36851496667608785174e+00, /* 0x4002F2B7, 0xF98FAEC0 */
309   1.22426109148261232917e+01, /* 0x40287C37, 0x7F71A964 */
310   1.76939711271687727390e+01, /* 0x4031B1A8, 0x177F8EE2 */
311   5.07352312588818499250e+00, /* 0x40144B49, 0xA574C1FE */
312 };
313 #ifdef __STDC__
314 static const double ps2[5] = {
315 #else
316 static double ps2[5] = {
317 #endif
318   2.14364859363821409488e+01, /* 0x40356FBD, 0x8AD5ECDC */
319   1.25290227168402751090e+02, /* 0x405F5293, 0x14F92CD5 */
320   2.32276469057162813669e+02, /* 0x406D08D8, 0xD5A2DBD9 */
321   1.17679373287147100768e+02, /* 0x405D6B7A, 0xDA1884A9 */
322   8.36463893371618283368e+00, /* 0x4020BAB1, 0xF44E5192 */
323 };
324 
325 #ifdef __STDC__
326 	static double pone(double x)
327 #else
328 	static double pone(x)
329 	double x;
330 #endif
331 {
332 #ifdef __STDC__
333 	const double *p,*q;
334 #else
335 	double *p,*q;
336 #endif
337 	double z,r,s;
338         int32_t ix;
339 	GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
340 	ix &= 0x7fffffff;
341         if(ix>=0x40200000)     {p = pr8; q= ps8;}
342         else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = pr5; q= ps5;}
343         else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = pr3; q= ps3;}
344         else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = pr2; q= ps2;}
345         z = one/(x*x);
346         r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
347         s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*q[4]))));
348         return one+ r/s;
349 }
350 
351 
352 /* For x >= 8, the asymptotic expansions of qone is
353  *	3/8 s - 105/1024 s^3 - ..., where s = 1/x.
354  * We approximate pone by
355  * 	qone(x) = s*(0.375 + (R/S))
356  * where  R = qr1*s^2 + qr2*s^4 + ... + qr5*s^10
357  * 	  S = 1 + qs1*s^2 + ... + qs6*s^12
358  * and
359  *	| qone(x)/s -0.375-R/S | <= 2  ** ( -61.13)
360  */
361 
362 #ifdef __STDC__
363 static const double qr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
364 #else
365 static double qr8[6] = { /* for x in [inf, 8]=1/[0,0.125] */
366 #endif
367   0.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x00000000, 0x00000000 */
368  -1.02539062499992714161e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FFF, 0xFFFFFDF3 */
369  -1.62717534544589987888e+01, /* 0xC0304591, 0xA26779F7 */
370  -7.59601722513950107896e+02, /* 0xC087BCD0, 0x53E4B576 */
371  -1.18498066702429587167e+04, /* 0xC0C724E7, 0x40F87415 */
372  -4.84385124285750353010e+04, /* 0xC0E7A6D0, 0x65D09C6A */
373 };
374 #ifdef __STDC__
375 static const double qs8[6] = {
376 #else
377 static double qs8[6] = {
378 #endif
379   1.61395369700722909556e+02, /* 0x40642CA6, 0xDE5BCDE5 */
380   7.82538599923348465381e+03, /* 0x40BE9162, 0xD0D88419 */
381   1.33875336287249578163e+05, /* 0x4100579A, 0xB0B75E98 */
382   7.19657723683240939863e+05, /* 0x4125F653, 0x72869C19 */
383   6.66601232617776375264e+05, /* 0x412457D2, 0x7719AD5C */
384  -2.94490264303834643215e+05, /* 0xC111F969, 0x0EA5AA18 */
385 };
386 
387 #ifdef __STDC__
388 static const double qr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
389 #else
390 static double qr5[6] = { /* for x in [8,4.5454]=1/[0.125,0.22001] */
391 #endif
392  -2.08979931141764104297e-11, /* 0xBDB6FA43, 0x1AA1A098 */
393  -1.02539050241375426231e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FFF, 0xCB597FEF */
394  -8.05644828123936029840e+00, /* 0xC0201CE6, 0xCA03AD4B */
395  -1.83669607474888380239e+02, /* 0xC066F56D, 0x6CA7B9B0 */
396  -1.37319376065508163265e+03, /* 0xC09574C6, 0x6931734F */
397  -2.61244440453215656817e+03, /* 0xC0A468E3, 0x88FDA79D */
398 };
399 #ifdef __STDC__
400 static const double qs5[6] = {
401 #else
402 static double qs5[6] = {
403 #endif
404   8.12765501384335777857e+01, /* 0x405451B2, 0xFF5A11B2 */
405   1.99179873460485964642e+03, /* 0x409F1F31, 0xE77BF839 */
406   1.74684851924908907677e+04, /* 0x40D10F1F, 0x0D64CE29 */
407   4.98514270910352279316e+04, /* 0x40E8576D, 0xAABAD197 */
408   2.79480751638918118260e+04, /* 0x40DB4B04, 0xCF7C364B */
409  -4.71918354795128470869e+03, /* 0xC0B26F2E, 0xFCFFA004 */
410 };
411 
412 #ifdef __STDC__
413 static const double qr3[6] = {
414 #else
415 static double qr3[6] = {/* for x in [4.547,2.8571]=1/[0.2199,0.35001] */
416 #endif
417  -5.07831226461766561369e-09, /* 0xBE35CFA9, 0xD38FC84F */
418  -1.02537829820837089745e-01, /* 0xBFBA3FEB, 0x51AEED54 */
419  -4.61011581139473403113e+00, /* 0xC01270C2, 0x3302D9FF */
420  -5.78472216562783643212e+01, /* 0xC04CEC71, 0xC25D16DA */
421  -2.28244540737631695038e+02, /* 0xC06C87D3, 0x4718D55F */
422  -2.19210128478909325622e+02, /* 0xC06B66B9, 0x5F5C1BF6 */
423 };
424 #ifdef __STDC__
425 static const double qs3[6] = {
426 #else
427 static double qs3[6] = {
428 #endif
429   4.76651550323729509273e+01, /* 0x4047D523, 0xCCD367E4 */
430   6.73865112676699709482e+02, /* 0x40850EEB, 0xC031EE3E */
431   3.38015286679526343505e+03, /* 0x40AA684E, 0x448E7C9A */
432   5.54772909720722782367e+03, /* 0x40B5ABBA, 0xA61D54A6 */
433   1.90311919338810798763e+03, /* 0x409DBC7A, 0x0DD4DF4B */
434  -1.35201191444307340817e+02, /* 0xC060E670, 0x290A311F */
435 };
436 
437 #ifdef __STDC__
438 static const double qr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
439 #else
440 static double qr2[6] = {/* for x in [2.8570,2]=1/[0.3499,0.5] */
441 #endif
442  -1.78381727510958865572e-07, /* 0xBE87F126, 0x44C626D2 */
443  -1.02517042607985553460e-01, /* 0xBFBA3E8E, 0x9148B010 */
444  -2.75220568278187460720e+00, /* 0xC0060484, 0x69BB4EDA */
445  -1.96636162643703720221e+01, /* 0xC033A9E2, 0xC168907F */
446  -4.23253133372830490089e+01, /* 0xC04529A3, 0xDE104AAA */
447  -2.13719211703704061733e+01, /* 0xC0355F36, 0x39CF6E52 */
448 };
449 #ifdef __STDC__
450 static const double qs2[6] = {
451 #else
452 static double qs2[6] = {
453 #endif
454   2.95333629060523854548e+01, /* 0x403D888A, 0x78AE64FF */
455   2.52981549982190529136e+02, /* 0x406F9F68, 0xDB821CBA */
456   7.57502834868645436472e+02, /* 0x4087AC05, 0xCE49A0F7 */
457   7.39393205320467245656e+02, /* 0x40871B25, 0x48D4C029 */
458   1.55949003336666123687e+02, /* 0x40637E5E, 0x3C3ED8D4 */
459  -4.95949898822628210127e+00, /* 0xC013D686, 0xE71BE86B */
460 };
461 
462 #ifdef __STDC__
463 	static double qone(double x)
464 #else
465 	static double qone(x)
466 	double x;
467 #endif
468 {
469 #ifdef __STDC__
470 	const double *p,*q;
471 #else
472 	double *p,*q;
473 #endif
474 	double  s,r,z;
475 	int32_t ix;
476 	GET_HIGH_WORD(ix,x);
477 	ix &= 0x7fffffff;
478 	if(ix>=0x40200000)     {p = qr8; q= qs8;}
479 	else if(ix>=0x40122E8B){p = qr5; q= qs5;}
480 	else if(ix>=0x4006DB6D){p = qr3; q= qs3;}
481 	else if(ix>=0x40000000){p = qr2; q= qs2;}
482 	z = one/(x*x);
483 	r = p[0]+z*(p[1]+z*(p[2]+z*(p[3]+z*(p[4]+z*p[5]))));
484 	s = one+z*(q[0]+z*(q[1]+z*(q[2]+z*(q[3]+z*(q[4]+z*q[5])))));
485 	return (.375 + r/s)/x;
486 }
487