1*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /*-
2*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3*ae417b31SSteve Kargl *
4*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * Copyright (c) 2026 Steven G. Kargl
5*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * All rights reserved.
6*ae417b31SSteve Kargl *
7*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * are met:
10*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following
12*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * disclaimer.
13*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16*ae417b31SSteve Kargl *
17*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27*ae417b31SSteve Kargl */
28*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
29*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /*
30*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * src/s_atanpi.c for implemenation details.
31*ae417b31SSteve Kargl */
32*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
33*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #include "math.h"
34*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #include "math_private.h"
35*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
36*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #define _CC (0x1p57L + 1)
37*ae417b31SSteve Kargl #define _ROOT sqrtl
38*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
39*ae417b31SSteve Kargl volatile static const double tiny = 1.e-300;
40*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static const double half = 0.5, one = 1., qrtr = 0.25;
41*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static const double x0 = 0.625, x1 = 0.875, x2 = 1.5;
42*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
43*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /* Full precision high and low parts. */
44*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static const long double
45*ae417b31SSteve Kargl invpihi = 3.18309886183790671537767526745028737e-01L, /* 1/pi */
46*ae417b31SSteve Kargl invpilo = -1.28821588763206006125693864783127482e-35L, /* 1/pi */
47*ae417b31SSteve Kargl a0hi = 1.77807684489352753115503587502248118e-01L, /* atanpi(x0) */
48*ae417b31SSteve Kargl a0lo = -1.04565241713355884231841538298149212e-35L, /* atanpi(x0) */
49*ae417b31SSteve Kargl a1hi = 2.28810695365053587806047702039884546e-01L, /* atanpi(x1) */
50*ae417b31SSteve Kargl a1lo = -5.01451892949247960667313017509908719e-37L, /* atanpi(x1) */
51*ae417b31SSteve Kargl a2hi = 3.12832958189001183813747252435221446e-01L, /* atanpi(x2) */
52*ae417b31SSteve Kargl a2lo = 1.35071436051692259858806390941906106e-36L; /* atanpi(x2) */
53*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
54*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /*
55*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * Prior to the leading multiplication by x^2, the rational approximation
56*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * has an absolute minimax error less than 2.86e-38 over the [0x1p-56,0.5]
57*ae417b31SSteve Kargl * domain (or log2(error) = -124.7).
58*ae417b31SSteve Kargl */
59*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static inline long double
__r(long double xs)60*ae417b31SSteve Kargl __r(long double xs)
61*ae417b31SSteve Kargl {
62*ae417b31SSteve Kargl static const long double
63*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R0 = 5.30516476972984452562945877908381207e-02L,
64*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R1 = -2.60404681812983888677486288898051068e-01L,
65*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R2 = 5.43274368732204127849880302812989126e-01L,
66*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R3 = -6.27476039646895838848725721148947475e-01L,
67*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R4 = 4.37806223811161460670580937913479055e-01L,
68*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R5 = -1.88854683672201011042310131486279147e-01L,
69*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R6 = 4.94528645546233985859708428238164776e-02L,
70*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R7 = -7.38228286468784921885881430313681146e-03L,
71*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R8 = 5.47609957562826794808966842094709768e-04L,
72*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R9 = -1.44837427671490633843418618030301533e-05L,
73*ae417b31SSteve Kargl R10= 1.60087061374239702655150492329207605e-08L,
74*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S1 = -5.35851261206434695164324875722635942e+00L,
75*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S2 = 1.23839541267281630422432341920191869e+01L,
76*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S3 = -1.61473998442126533731585929134597693e+01L,
77*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S4 = 1.30442314991246752613457576698550221e+01L,
78*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S5 = -6.74685395302389922545194846871599697e+00L,
79*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S6 = 2.22958089278066716953022085768628547e+00L,
80*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S7 = -4.55313732093612723575589438727154778e-01L,
81*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S8 = 5.33391487207251214709627478847204628e-02L,
82*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S9 = -3.08343599417750507732125775680767303e-03L,
83*ae417b31SSteve Kargl S10= 6.12260957946655623349049151336307244e-05L;
84*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
85*ae417b31SSteve Kargl long double r, s;
86*ae417b31SSteve Kargl r = R5 + (R6 + (R7 + (R8 + (R9 + R10 * xs) * xs) *xs) * xs) * xs;
87*ae417b31SSteve Kargl r = R0 + (R1 + (R2 + (R3 + (R4 + r * xs) * xs) * xs) * xs) * xs;
88*ae417b31SSteve Kargl s = S5 + (S6 + (S7 + (S8 + (S9 + S10 * xs) * xs) *xs) * xs) * xs;
89*ae417b31SSteve Kargl s = 1 + (S1 + (S2 + (S3 + (S4 + r * xs) * xs) * xs) * xs) * xs;
90*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return (xs * (r / s));
91*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
92*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
93*ae417b31SSteve Kargl long double
atanpil(long double x)94*ae417b31SSteve Kargl atanpil(long double x)
95*ae417b31SSteve Kargl {
96*ae417b31SSteve Kargl long double ax, hi, lo, xh, xl, y, zh, zl;
97*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
98*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (isnan(x) || isinf(x))
99*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return ((x - x) / (x - x));
100*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
101*ae417b31SSteve Kargl ax = fabsl(x);
102*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
103*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ax > 1) /* |x| > 1 */
104*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return ((x - x) / (x - x));
105*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
106*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
107*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ax <= 0.5) { /* |x| <= 0.5 */
108*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ax < 0x1p-57L) { /* |x| < 0x1p-57 */
109*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ax < 0x1p-16340L) { /* |x| < 0x1p-16340 */
110*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ax == 0)
111*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return (x);
112*ae417b31SSteve Kargl /* Scale for near subnormal. */
113*ae417b31SSteve Kargl ax *= 0x1p114;
114*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(ax, 0, invpihi, invpilo, hi, lo);
115*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = (hi + lo) * 0x1p-114;
116*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else {
117*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(ax, 0, invpihi, invpilo, hi, lo);
118*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = hi + lo;
119*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
120*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else {
121*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = __r(ax * ax);
122*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, y, 0, xh, xl);
123*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(ax, 0, xh, xl, hi, lo);
124*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = hi + lo;
125*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
126*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else if (ax < 1) { /* |x| < 1 */
127*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ax < 0.75) { /* |x| < 0.75 */
128*ae417b31SSteve Kargl x = (ax - x0) / (1 + x0 * ax);
129*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = __r(x * x);
130*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, y, 0, xh, xl);
131*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(x, 0, xh, xl, hi, lo);
132*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(a0hi, a0lo, hi, lo, y, xl);
133*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else {
134*ae417b31SSteve Kargl x = (ax - x1) / (1 + x1 * ax);
135*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = __r(x * x);
136*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, y, 0, xh, xl);
137*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(x, 0, xh, xl, hi, lo);
138*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(a1hi, a1lo, hi, lo, y, xl);
139*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
140*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else if (ax < 2) { /* |x| < 2 */
141*ae417b31SSteve Kargl if (ax == 1)
142*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return (x < 0 ? -qrtr : qrtr);
143*ae417b31SSteve Kargl x = (ax - x2) / (1 + x2 * ax);
144*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = __r(x * x);
145*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, y, 0, xh, xl);
146*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(x, 0, xh, xl, hi, lo);
147*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(a2hi, a2lo, hi, lo, y, xl);
148*ae417b31SSteve Kargl } else { /* |x| > 2 */
149*ae417b31SSteve Kargl x = 1 / ax;
150*ae417b31SSteve Kargl y = __r(x * x);
151*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(invpihi, invpilo, y, 0, xh, xl);
152*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XMUL(x, 0, xh, xl, hi, lo);
153*ae417b31SSteve Kargl _XADD(half, 0, -hi, -lo, y, x);
154*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
155*ae417b31SSteve Kargl
156*ae417b31SSteve Kargl return (x < 0 ? -y : y);
157*ae417b31SSteve Kargl }
158