lib/libtacplus/libtacplus.3

.\" Copyright (c) 1998, 2001, 2002, Juniper Networks, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd December 11, 2009
.Dt LIBTACPLUS 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm libtacplus
.Nd TACACS+ client library
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In taclib.h
.Ft int
.Fn tac_add_server "struct tac_handle *h" "const char *host" "int port" "const char *secret" "int timeout" "int flags"
.Ft void
.Fn tac_clear_avs "struct tac_handle *h"
.Ft void
.Fn tac_close "struct tac_handle *h"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_config "struct tac_handle *h" "const char *path"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_create_authen "struct tac_handle *h" "int action" "int type" "int service"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_create_author "struct tac_handle *h" "int method" "int type" "int service"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_create_acct "struct tac_handle *h" "int acct" "int action" "int type" "int service"
.Ft char *
.Fn tac_get_av "struct tac_handle *h" "u_int index"
.Ft char *
.Fn tac_get_av_value "struct tac_handle *h" "const char *attribute"
.Ft void *
.Fn tac_get_data "struct tac_handle *h" "size_t *len"
.Ft char *
.Fn tac_get_msg "struct tac_handle *h"
.Ft struct tac_handle *
.Fn tac_open "void"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_send_authen "struct tac_handle *h"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_send_author "struct tac_handle *h"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_send_acct "struct tac_handle *h"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_set_av "struct tac_handle *h" "u_int index" "const char *av_pair"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_set_data "struct tac_handle *h" "const void *data" "size_t data_len"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_set_msg "struct tac_handle *h" "const char *msg"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_set_port "struct tac_handle *h" "const char *port"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_set_priv "struct tac_handle *h" "int priv"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_set_rem_addr "struct tac_handle *h" "const char *addr"
.Ft int
.Fn tac_set_user "struct tac_handle *h" "const char *user"
.Ft const char *
.Fn tac_strerror "struct tac_handle *h"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
library implements the client side of the TACACS+ network access
control protocol.
TACACS+ allows clients to perform authentication,
authorization, and accounting by means of network requests to remote
servers.
This library currently supports only the authentication
and authorization portion of the protocol.
.Sh INITIALIZATION
To use the library, an application must first call
.Fn tac_open
to obtain a
.Va struct tac_handle * ,
which provides context for subsequent operations.
Calls to
.Fn tac_open
always succeed unless insufficient virtual memory is available.
If
the necessary memory cannot be allocated,
.Fn tac_open
returns
.Dv NULL .
.Pp
Before issuing any TACACS+ requests, the library must be made aware
of the servers it can contact.
The easiest way to configure the
library is to call
.Fn tac_config .
.Fn tac_config
causes the library to read a configuration file whose format is
described in
.Xr tacplus.conf 5 .
The pathname of the configuration file is passed as the
.Va file
argument to
.Fn tac_config .
This argument may also be given as
.Dv NULL ,
in which case the standard configuration file
.Pa /etc/tacplus.conf
is used.
.Fn tac_config
returns 0 on success, or \-1 if an error occurs.
.Pp
The library can also be configured programmatically by calls to
.Fn tac_add_server .
The
.Va host
parameter specifies the server host, either as a fully qualified
domain name or as a dotted-quad IP address in text form.
The
.Va port
parameter specifies the TCP port to contact on the server.
If
.Va port
is given as 0, the library uses port 49, the standard TACACS+ port.
The shared secret for the server host is passed to the
.Va secret
parameter.
It may be any null-terminated string of bytes.
The timeout for receiving replies from the server is passed to the
.Va timeout
parameter, in units of seconds.
The
.Va flags
parameter is a bit mask of flags to specify various characteristics of
the server.
It may contain:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Dv TAC_SRVR_SINGLE_CONNECT
Causes the library to attempt to negotiate single connection mode
when communicating with the server.
In single connection mode, the
original TCP connection is held open for multiple TACACS+ sessions.
Older servers do not support this mode, and some of them become
confused if the client attempts to negotiate it.
.El
.Pp
.Fn tac_add_server
returns 0 on success, or \-1 if an error occurs.
.Pp
.Fn tac_add_server
may be called multiple times, and it may be used together with
.Fn tac_config .
At most 10 servers may be specified.
When multiple servers are given, they are tried in round-robin
fashion until a working, accessible server is found.
Once the
library finds such a server, it continues to use it as long as it
works.
.Sh CREATING A TACACS+ AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
To begin constructing a new authentication request, call
.Fn tac_create_authen .
The
.Va action ,
.Va type ,
and
.Va service
arguments must be set to appropriate values as defined in the
TACACS+ protocol specification.
The
.In taclib.h
header file contains symbolic constants for these values.
.Sh CREATING A TACACS+ AUTHORIZATION REQUEST
To begin constructing a new authorization request, call
.Fn tac_create_author .
The
.Va method ,
.Va type ,
and
.Va service
arguments must be set to appropriate values as defined in the
TACACS+ protocol specification.
The
.In taclib.h
header file contains symbolic constants for these values.
.Sh CREATING A TACACS+ ACCOUNTING REQUEST
To begin constructing a new accounting request, call
.Fn tac_create_acct .
The
.Va acct ,
.Va action ,
.Va type ,
and
.Va service
arguments must be set to appropriate values as defined in the
TACACS+ protocol specification.
The
.In taclib.h
header file contains symbolic constants for these values.
.Sh SETTING OPTIONAL PARAMETERS ON A REQUEST
After creating a request,
various optional parameters may be attached to it through calls to
.Fn tac_set_av ,
.Fn tac_set_data ,
.Fn tac_set_port ,
.Fn tac_set_priv ,
.Fn tac_set_rem_addr ,
and
.Fn tac_set_user .
The library creates its own copies of any strings provided to these
functions, so that it is not necessary for the caller to preserve
them.
By default, each of these parameters is empty except for the
privilege level, which defaults to
.Ql USER
privilege.
.Pp
.Fn tac_set_av
only applies to the context of an authorization request.
The format
for an attribute value pair is defined in the TACACS+ protocol
specification.
The index specified can be any value between 0 and
255 inclusive and indicates the position in the list to place the
attribute value pair.
Calling
.Fn tac_set_av
with same index twice effectively replaces the value at that position.
Use
.Fn tac_clear_avs
to clear all attribute value pairs that may have been set.
.Sh SENDING THE AUTHENTICATION REQUEST AND RECEIVING THE RESPONSE
After the TACACS+ authentication request has been constructed, it is
sent by means of
.Fn tac_send_authen .
This function connects to a server if not already connected, sends
the request, and waits for a reply.
On failure,
.Fn tac_send_authen
returns \-1.
Otherwise, it returns the TACACS+ status code and flags,
packed into an integer value.
The status can be extracted using the
macro
.Fn TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS .
Possible status codes, defined in
.In taclib.h ,
include:
.Pp
.Bl -item -compact -offset indent
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_PASS
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_FAIL
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETDATA
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETUSER
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETPASS
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_RESTART
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_ERROR
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_FOLLOW
.El
.Pp
The only flag is the no-echo flag, which can be tested using the
macro
.Fn TAC_AUTHEN_NOECHO .
.Sh EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM THE SERVER'S AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
An authentication response packet from the server may contain a
server message, a data string, or both.
After a successful call to
.Fn tac_send_authen ,
this information may be retrieved from the response by calling
.Fn tac_get_msg
and
.Fn tac_get_data .
These functions return dynamically-allocated copies of the
information from the packet.
The caller is responsible for freeing
the copies when it no longer needs them.
The data returned from
these functions is guaranteed to be terminated by a null byte.
.Pp
In the case of
.Fn tac_get_data ,
the
.Va len
argument points to a location into which the library will store the
actual length of the received data, not including the null
terminator.
This argument may be given as
.Dv NULL
if the caller is not interested in the length.
.Sh SENDING AUTHENTICATION CONTINUE PACKETS
If
.Fn tac_send_authen
returns a value containing one of the status codes
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETDATA ,
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETUSER ,
or
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETPASS ,
then the client must provide additional information to the server by
means of a TACACS+ CONTINUE packet.
To do so, the application must
first set the packet's user message and/or data fields using
.Fn tac_set_msg
and
.Fn tac_set_data .
The client then sends the CONTINUE packet with
.Fn tac_send_authen .
N.B.,
.Fn tac_create_authen
should
.Em not
be called to construct a CONTINUE packet; it is used only for the
initial authentication request.
.Pp
When it receives the CONTINUE packet, the server may again request
more information by returning
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETDATA ,
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETUSER ,
or
.Dv TAC_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETPASS .
The application should send further CONTINUEs until some other
status is received from the server.
.Sh SENDING THE AUTHORIZATION REQUEST AND RECEIVING THE RESPONSE
After the TACACS+ authorization request has been constructed, it
is sent by means of
.Fn tac_send_author .
This function connects to a server if not already connected, sends
the request, and waits for a reply.
On failure,
.Fn tac_send_author
returns \-1.
Otherwise, it returns the TACACS+ status code and
number of attribute value (AV) pairs received packed into an
integer value.
The status can be extracted using the macro
.Fn TAC_AUTHOR_STATUS .
Possible status codes, defined in
.In taclib.h ,
include:
.Pp
.Bl -item -compact -offset indent
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHOR_STATUS_PASS_ADD
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHOR_STATUS_PASS_REPL
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHOR_STATUS_FAIL
.It
.Dv TAC_AUTHOR_STATUS_ERROR
.El
.Pp
The number of AV pairs received is obtained using
.Fn TAC_AUTHEN_AV_COUNT .
.Sh SENDING THE ACCOUNTING REQUEST AND RECEIVING THE RESPONSE
After the TACACS+ authorization request has been constructed, it
is sent by means of
.Fn tac_send_acct .
This function connects to a server if not already connected, sends
the request, and waits for a reply.
On failure,
.Fn tac_send_acct
returns \-1.
Otherwise, it returns the TACACS+ status code
Possible status codes, defined in
.In taclib.h ,
include:
.Pp
.Bl -item -compact -offset indent
.It
.Dv TAC_ACCT_STATUS_SUCCESS
.It
.Dv TAC_ACCT_STATUS_ERROR
.It
.Dv TAC_ACCT_STATUS_FOLLOW
.El
.Pp
.Sh EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM THE SERVER'S AUTHORIZATION RESPONSE
Like an authentication response packet, an authorization
response packet from the
server may contain a server message, a data string, or both.
Refer
to EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM THE SERVER'S AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
for instruction on extraction of those values.
.Pp
An authorization response packet from the server may also contain
attribute value (AV) pairs.
To extract these, use
.Fn tac_get_av
or
.Fn tac_get_av_value .
.Fn tac_get_av
takes the index of the AV pair as it is positioned in the list.
The indexes start at 0 (use
.Fn TAC_AUTHEN_AV_COUNT
on the return value of
.Fn tac_send_author
to get the total number of items in this list).
Alternatively,
.Fn tac_get_av_value
can be used.
.Fn tac_get_av_value
takes the attribute name and returns the
corresponding value only, not the AV pair.
These functions return
dynamically-allocated copies of the information from the packet.
The caller is responsible for freeing the copies when it no longer
needs them.
The data returned from these functions is guaranteed
to be terminated by a null byte.
.Sh OBTAINING ERROR MESSAGES
Those functions which accept a
.Va struct tac_handle *
argument record an error message if they fail.
The error message
can be retrieved by calling
.Fn tac_strerror .
The message text is overwritten on each new error for the given
.Va struct tac_handle * .
Thus the message must be copied if it is to be preserved through
subsequent library calls using the same handle.
.Sh CLEANUP
To free the resources used by the TACACS+ library, call
.Fn tac_close .
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The following functions return a non-negative value on success.
If
they detect an error, they return \-1 and record an error message
which can be retrieved using
.Fn tac_strerror .
.Pp
.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
.It
.Fn tac_add_server
.It
.Fn tac_config
.It
.Fn tac_create_authen
.It
.Fn tac_create_author
.It
.Fn tac_create_acct
.It
.Fn tac_send_authen
.It
.Fn tac_send_author
.It
.Fn tac_send_acct
.It
.Fn tac_set_av
.It
.Fn tac_set_data
.It
.Fn tac_set_msg
.It
.Fn tac_set_port
.It
.Fn tac_set_priv
.It
.Fn tac_set_rem_addr
.It
.Fn tac_set_user
.El
.Pp
The following functions return a
.No non- Ns Dv NULL
pointer on success.
If they are unable to allocate sufficient
virtual memory, they return
.Dv NULL
and record an error message which can be retrieved using
.Fn tac_strerror .
.Pp
.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
.It
.Fn tac_get_av
.It
.Fn tac_get_av_value
.It
.Fn tac_get_data
.It
.Fn tac_get_msg
.El
.Pp
The following functions return a
.No non- Ns Dv NULL
pointer on success.
If they are unable to allocate sufficient
virtual memory, they return
.Dv NULL ,
without recording an error message.
.Pp
.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
.It
.Fn tac_open
.El
.Sh FILES
.Pa /etc/tacplus.conf
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr tacplus.conf 5
.Rs
.%A D. Carrel
.%A Lol Grant
.%T The TACACS+ Protocol, Version 1.78
.%O draft-grant-tacacs-02.txt (Internet Draft)
.Re
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
This software was written by
.An John Polstra
and
.An Paul Fraley ,
and donated to the
.Fx
project by Juniper Networks, Inc.