xref: /freebsd/lib/libsys/poll.2 (revision 74ecdf86d8d2a94a4bfcf094a2e21b4747e4907f)

.\"	$NetBSD: poll.2,v 1.3 1996/09/07 21:53:08 mycroft Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1996 Charles M. Hannum.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum.
.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd December 11, 2024
.Dt POLL 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm poll
.Nd synchronous I/O multiplexing
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In poll.h
.Ft int
.Fn poll "struct pollfd fds[]" "nfds_t nfds" "int timeout"
.Ft int
.Fo ppoll
.Fa "struct pollfd fds[]"
.Fa "nfds_t nfds"
.Fa "const struct timespec * restrict timeout"
.Fa "const sigset_t * restrict newsigmask"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn poll
system call
examines a set of file descriptors to see if some of them are ready for
I/O.
The
.Fa fds
argument is a pointer to an array of pollfd structures as defined in
.In poll.h
(shown below).
The
.Fa nfds
argument determines the size of the
.Fa fds
array.
.Bd -literal
struct pollfd {
    int    fd;       /* file descriptor */
    short  events;   /* events to look for */
    short  revents;  /* events returned */
};
.Ed
.Pp
The fields of
.Fa struct pollfd
are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width XXXrevents
.It fd
File descriptor to poll.
If fd is equal to -1 then
.Fa revents
is cleared (set to zero), and that pollfd is not checked.
.It events
Events to poll for.
(See below.)
.It revents
Events which may occur.
(See below.)
.El
.Pp
The event bitmasks in
.Fa events
and
.Fa revents
have the following bits:
.Bl -tag -width XXXPOLLWRNORM
.It POLLIN
Data other than high priority data may be read without blocking.
.It POLLRDNORM
Normal data may be read without blocking.
.It POLLRDBAND
Data with a non-zero priority may be read without blocking.
.It POLLPRI
High priority data may be read without blocking.
.It POLLOUT
.It POLLWRNORM
Normal data may be written without blocking.
.It POLLWRBAND
Data with a non-zero priority may be written without blocking.
.It POLLERR
An exceptional condition has occurred on the device or socket.
This
flag is always checked, even if not present in the
.Fa events
bitmask.
.It POLLHUP
The device or socket has been disconnected.
This flag is always
checked, even if not present in the
.Fa events
bitmask.
Note that
POLLHUP
and
POLLOUT
should never be present in the
.Fa revents
bitmask at the same time.
.It POLLRDHUP
Remote peer closed connection, or shut down writing.
Unlike
POLLHUP,
POLLRDHUP
must be present in the
.Fa events
bitmask to be reported.
Applies only to stream sockets.
.It POLLNVAL
The file descriptor is not open,
or in capability mode the file descriptor has insufficient rights.
This flag is always checked, even
if not present in the
.Fa events
bitmask.
.El
.Pp
If
.Fa timeout
is neither zero nor INFTIM (-1), it specifies a maximum interval to
wait for any file descriptor to become ready, in milliseconds.
If
.Fa timeout
is INFTIM (-1), the poll blocks indefinitely.
If
.Fa timeout
is zero, then
.Fn poll
will return without blocking.
.Pp
The
.Fn ppoll
system call, unlike
.Fn poll ,
is used to safely wait until either a set of file descriptors becomes
ready or until a signal is caught.
The
.Fa fds
and
.Fa nfds
arguments are identical to the analogous arguments of
.Fn poll .
The
.Fa timeout
argument in
.Fn ppoll
points to a
.Vt "const struct timespec"
which is defined in
.In sys/timespec.h
(shown below) rather than the
.Vt "int timeout"
used by
.Fn poll .
A null pointer may be passed to indicate that
.Fn ppoll
should wait indefinitely.
Finally,
.Fa newsigmask
specifies a signal mask which is set while waiting for input.
When
.Fn ppoll
returns, the original signal mask is restored.
.Bd -literal
struct timespec {
	time_t  tv_sec;         /* seconds */
	long    tv_nsec;        /* and nanoseconds */
};
.Ed
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Fn poll
system call
returns the number of descriptors that are ready for I/O, or -1 if an
error occurred.
If the time limit expires,
.Fn poll
returns 0.
If
.Fn poll
returns with an error,
including one due to an interrupted system call,
the
.Fa fds
array will be unmodified.
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
This implementation differs from the historical one in that a given
file descriptor may not cause
.Fn poll
to return with an error.
In cases where this would have happened in
the historical implementation (e.g.\& trying to poll a
.Xr revoke 2 Ns ed
descriptor), this implementation instead copies the
.Fa events
bitmask to the
.Fa revents
bitmask.
Attempting to perform I/O on this descriptor will then
return an error.
This behaviour is believed to be more useful.
.Sh ERRORS
An error return from
.Fn poll
indicates:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EFAULT
The
.Fa fds
argument
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.It Bq Er EINTR
A signal was delivered before the time limit expired and
before any of the selected events occurred.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The specified time limit is invalid.
One of its components is negative or too large.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The number of pollfd structures specified by
.Fa nfds
exceeds the system tunable
.Va kern.maxfilesperproc
and
.Dv FD_SETSIZE .
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr accept 2 ,
.Xr connect 2 ,
.Xr kqueue 2 ,
.Xr pselect 2 ,
.Xr read 2 ,
.Xr recv 2 ,
.Xr select 2 ,
.Xr send 2 ,
.Xr write 2
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn poll
function conforms to
.St -p1003.1-2001 .
The
.Fn ppoll
function conforms to
.St -p1003.1-2024 .
The
POLLRDHUP
flag is not specified by POSIX, but is compatible with Linux and illumos.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn poll
function appeared in
.At V .
This manual page and the core of the implementation was taken from
.Nx .
The
.Fn ppoll
function first appeared in
.Fx 10.2
.Sh BUGS
The distinction between some of the fields in the
.Fa events
and
.Fa revents
bitmasks is really not useful without STREAMS.
The fields are
defined for compatibility with existing software.