lib/libpmc/pmc.corei7.3

.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Fabien Thomas.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd March 24, 2010
.Dt PMC.COREI7 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pmc.corei7
.Nd measurement events for
.Tn Intel
.Tn Core i7 and Xeon 5500
family CPUs
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libpmc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In pmc.h
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Tn Intel
.Tn "Core i7"
CPUs contain PMCs conforming to version 2 of the
.Tn Intel
performance measurement architecture.
These CPUs may contain up to three classes of PMCs:
.Bl -tag -width "Li PMC_CLASS_IAP"
.It Li PMC_CLASS_IAF
Fixed-function counters that count only one hardware event per counter.
.It Li PMC_CLASS_IAP
Programmable counters that may be configured to count one of a defined
set of hardware events.
.El
.Pp
The number of PMCs available in each class and their widths need to be
determined at run time by calling
.Xr pmc_cpuinfo 3 .
.Pp
Intel Core i7 and Xeon 5500 PMCs are documented in
.Rs
.%B "Intel(R) 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developes Manual"
.%T "Volume 3B: System Programming Guide, Part 2"
.%N "Order Number: 253669-033US"
.%D December 2009
.%Q "Intel Corporation"
.Re
.Ss COREI7 AND XEON 5500 FIXED FUNCTION PMCS
These PMCs and their supported events are documented in
.Xr pmc.iaf 3 .
Not all CPUs in this family implement fixed-function counters.
.Ss COREI7 AND XEON 5500 PROGRAMMABLE PMCS
The programmable PMCs support the following capabilities:
.Bl -column "PMC_CAP_INTERRUPT" "Support"
.It Em Capability Ta Em Support
.It PMC_CAP_CASCADE Ta \&No
.It PMC_CAP_EDGE Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_INTERRUPT Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_INVERT Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_READ Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_PRECISE Ta \&No
.It PMC_CAP_SYSTEM Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_TAGGING Ta \&No
.It PMC_CAP_THRESHOLD Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_USER Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_WRITE Ta Yes
.El
.Ss Event Qualifiers
Event specifiers for these PMCs support the following common
qualifiers:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Li rsp= Ns Ar value
Configure the Off-core Response bits.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Li DMND_DATA_RD
Counts the number of demand and DCU prefetch data reads of full
and partial cachelines as well as demand data page table entry
cacheline reads.
Does not count L2 data read prefetches or instruction fetches.
.It Li DMND_RFO
Counts the number of demand and DCU prefetch reads for ownership
(RFO) requests generated by a write to data cacheline.
Does not count L2 RFO.
.It Li DMND_IFETCH
Counts the number of demand and DCU prefetch instruction cacheline
reads.
Does not count L2 code read prefetches.
WB Counts the number of writeback (modified to exclusive) transactions.
.It Li PF_DATA_RD
Counts the number of data cacheline reads generated by L2 prefetchers.
.It Li PF_RFO
Counts the number of RFO requests generated by L2 prefetchers.
.It Li PF_IFETCH
Counts the number of code reads generated by L2 prefetchers.
.It Li OTHER
Counts one of the following transaction types, including L3 invalidate,
I/O, full or partial writes, WC or non-temporal stores, CLFLUSH, Fences,
lock, unlock, split lock.
.It Li UNCORE_HIT
L3 Hit: local or remote home requests that hit L3 cache in the uncore
with no coherency actions required (snooping).
.It Li OTHER_CORE_HIT_SNP
L3 Hit: local or remote home requests that hit L3 cache in the uncore
and was serviced by another core with a cross core snoop where no modified
copies were found (clean).
.It Li OTHER_CORE_HITM
L3 Hit: local or remote home requests that hit L3 cache in the uncore
and was serviced by another core with a cross core snoop where modified
copies were found (HITM).
.It Li REMOTE_CACHE_FWD
L3 Miss: local homed requests that missed the L3 cache and was serviced
by forwarded data following a cross package snoop where no modified
copies found. (Remote home requests are not counted)
.It Li REMOTE_DRAM
L3 Miss: remote home requests that missed the L3 cache and were serviced
by remote DRAM.
.It Li LOCAL_DRAM
L3 Miss: local home requests that missed the L3 cache and were serviced
by local DRAM.
.It Li NON_DRAM
Non-DRAM requests that were serviced by IOH.
.El
.It Li cmask= Ns Ar value
Configure the PMC to increment only if the number of configured
events measured in a cycle is greater than or equal to
.Ar value .
.It Li edge
Configure the PMC to count the number of de-asserted to asserted
transitions of the conditions expressed by the other qualifiers.
If specified, the counter will increment only once whenever a
condition becomes true, irrespective of the number of clocks during
which the condition remains true.
.It Li inv
Invert the sense of comparison when the
.Dq Li cmask
qualifier is present, making the counter increment when the number of
events per cycle is less than the value specified by the
.Dq Li cmask
qualifier.
.It Li os
Configure the PMC to count events happening at processor privilege
level 0.
.It Li usr
Configure the PMC to count events occurring at privilege levels 1, 2
or 3.
.El
.Pp
If neither of the
.Dq Li os
or
.Dq Li usr
qualifiers are specified, the default is to enable both.
.Ss Event Specifiers (Programmable PMCs)
Core i7 and Xeon 5500 programmable PMCs support the following events:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Li SB_DRAIN.ANY
.Pq Event 04H , Umask 07H
Counts the number of store buffer drains.
.It Li STORE_BLOCKS.AT_RET
.Pq Event 06H , Umask 04H
Counts number of loads delayed with at-Retirement block code.
The following loads need to be executed at retirement and wait for all
senior stores on the same thread to be drained: load splitting across
4K boundary (page split), load accessing uncacheable
(UC or USWC) memory, load lock, and load with page table in UC or USWC memory region.
.It Li STORE_BLOCKS.L1D_BLOCK
.Pq Event 06H , Umask 08H
Cacheable loads delayed with L1D block code
.It Li PARTIAL_ADDRESS_ALIAS
.Pq Event 07H , Umask 01H
Counts false dependency due to partial address aliasing
.It Li DTLB_LOAD_MISSES.ANY
.Pq Event 08H , Umask 01H
Counts all load misses that cause a page walk
.It Li DTLB_LOAD_MISSES.WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 08H , Umask 02H
Counts number of completed page walks due to load miss in the STLB.
.It Li DTLB_LOAD_MISSES.STLB_HIT
.Pq Event 08H , Umask 10H
Number of cache load STLB hits
.It Li DTLB_LOAD_MISSES.PDE_MISS
.Pq Event 08H , Umask 20H
Number of DTLB cache load misses where the low part of the linear to
physical address translation was missed.
.It Li DTLB_LOAD_MISSES.LARGE_WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 08H , Umask 80H
Counts number of completed large page walks due to load miss in the STLB.
.It Li MEM_INST_RETIRED.LOADS
.Pq Event 0BH , Umask 01H
Counts the number of instructions with an architecturally-visible store
retired on the architected path.
In conjunction with ld_lat facility
.It Li MEM_INST_RETIRED.STORES
.Pq Event 0BH , Umask 02H
Counts the number of instructions with an architecturally-visible store
retired on the architected path.
In conjunction with ld_lat facility
.It Li MEM_INST_RETIRED.LATENCY_ABOVE_THRESHOLD
.Pq Event 0BH , Umask 10H
Counts the number of instructions exceeding the latency specified with
ld_lat facility.
In conjunction with ld_lat facility
.It Li MEM_STORE_RETIRED.DTLB_MISS
.Pq Event 0CH , Umask 01H
The event counts the number of retired stores that missed the DTLB.
The DTLB miss is not counted if the store operation causes a fault.
Does not counter prefetches.
Counts both primary and secondary misses to the TLB
.It Li UOPS_ISSUED.ANY
.Pq Event 0EH , Umask 01H
Counts the number of Uops issued by the Register Allocation Table to the
Reservation Station, i.e. the UOPs issued from the front end to the back
end.
.It Li UOPS_ISSUED.STALLED_CYCLES
.Pq Event 0EH , Umask 01H
Counts the number of cycles no Uops issued by the Register Allocation Table
to the Reservation Station, i.e. the UOPs issued from the front end to the
back end.
set invert=1, cmask = 1
.It Li UOPS_ISSUED.FUSED
.Pq Event 0EH , Umask 02H
Counts the number of fused Uops that were issued from the Register
Allocation Table to the Reservation Station.
.It Li MEM_UNCORE_RETIRED.L3_DATA_MISS_UNKNOWN
.Pq Event 0FH , Umask 01H
Counts number of memory load instructions retired where the memory reference
missed L3 and data source is unknown.
Available only for CPUID signature 06_2EH
.It Li MEM_UNCORE_RETIRED.OTHER_CORE_L2_HITM
.Pq Event 0FH , Umask 02H
Counts number of memory load instructions retired where the memory reference
hit modified data in a sibling core residing on the same socket.
.It Li MEM_UNCORE_RETIRED.REMOTE_CACHE_LOCAL_HOME_HIT
.Pq Event 0FH , Umask 08H
Counts number of memory load instructions retired where the memory reference
missed the L1, L2 and L3 caches and HIT in a remote socket's cache.
Only counts locally homed lines.
.It Li MEM_UNCORE_RETIRED.REMOTE_DRAM
.Pq Event 0FH , Umask 10H
Counts number of memory load instructions retired where the memory reference
missed the L1, L2 and L3 caches and was remotely homed.
This includes both DRAM access and HITM in a remote socket's cache
for remotely homed lines.
.It Li MEM_UNCORE_RETIRED.LOCAL_DRAM
.Pq Event 0FH , Umask 20H
Counts number of memory load instructions retired where the memory reference
missed the L1, L2 and L3 caches and required a local socket memory
reference.
This includes locally homed cachelines that were in a modified
state in another socket.
.It Li MEM_UNCORE_RETIRED.UNCACHEABLE
.Pq Event 0FH , Umask 80H
Counts number of memory load instructions retired where the memory reference
missed the L1, L2 and L3 caches and to perform I/O.
Available only for CPUID signature 06_2EH
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.X87
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of FP Computational Uops Executed.
The number of FADD, FSUB, FCOM, FMULs, integer MULsand IMULs, FDIVs, FPREMs, FSQRTS, integer
DIVs, and IDIVs.
This event does not distinguish an FADD used in the middle of a transcendental flow from a separate FADD instruction.
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.MMX
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 02H
Counts number of MMX Uops executed.
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.SSE_FP
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 04H
Counts number of SSE and SSE2 FP uops executed.
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.SSE2_INTEGER
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 08H
Counts number of SSE2 integer uops executed.
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.SSE_FP_PACKED
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 10H
Counts number of SSE FP packed uops executed.
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.SSE_FP_SCALAR
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 20H
Counts number of SSE FP scalar uops executed.
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.SSE_SINGLE_PRECISION
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 40H
Counts number of SSE* FP single precision uops executed.
.It Li FP_COMP_OPS_EXE.SSE_DOUBLE_PRECISION
.Pq Event 10H , Umask 80H
Counts number of SSE* FP double precision uops executed.
.It Li SIMD_INT_128.PACKED_MPY
.Pq Event 12H , Umask 01H
Counts number of 128 bit SIMD integer multiply operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_128.PACKED_SHIFT
.Pq Event 12H , Umask 02H
Counts number of 128 bit SIMD integer shift operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_128.PACK
.Pq Event 12H , Umask 04H
Counts number of 128 bit SIMD integer pack operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_128.UNPACK
.Pq Event 12H , Umask 08H
Counts number of 128 bit SIMD integer unpack operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_128.PACKED_LOGICAL
.Pq Event 12H , Umask 10H
Counts number of 128 bit SIMD integer logical operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_128.PACKED_ARITH
.Pq Event 12H , Umask 20H
Counts number of 128 bit SIMD integer arithmetic operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_128.SHUFFLE_MOVE
.Pq Event 12H , Umask 40H
Counts number of 128 bit SIMD integer shuffle and move operations.
.It Li LOAD_DISPATCH.RS
.Pq Event 13H , Umask 01H
Counts number of loads dispatched from the Reservation Station that bypass
the Memory Order Buffer.
.It Li LOAD_DISPATCH.RS_DELAYED
.Pq Event 13H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of delayed RS dispatches at the stage latch.
If an RS dispatch can not bypass to LB, it has another chance to dispatch from the
one-cycle delayed staging latch before it is written into the LB.
.It Li LOAD_DISPATCH.MOB
.Pq Event 13H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of loads dispatched from the Reservation Station to the
Memory Order Buffer.
.It Li LOAD_DISPATCH.ANY
.Pq Event 13H , Umask 07H
Counts all loads dispatched from the Reservation Station.
.It Li ARITH.CYCLES_DIV_BUSY
.Pq Event 14H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of cycles the divider is busy executing divide or square
root operations.
The divide can be integer, X87 or Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE).
The square root operation can be either X87 or SSE.
Set 'edge =1, invert=1, cmask=1' to count the number of divides.
Count may be incorrect When SMT is on.
.It Li ARITH.MUL
.Pq Event 14H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of multiply operations executed.
This includes integer as well as floating point multiply operations but excludes DPPS mul and MPSAD.
Count may be incorrect When SMT is on
.It Li INST_QUEUE_WRITES
.Pq Event 17H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of instructions written into the instruction queue every
cycle.
.It Li INST_DECODED.DEC0
.Pq Event 18H , Umask 01H
Counts number of instructions that require decoder 0 to be decoded.
Usually, this means that the instruction maps to more than 1 uop
.It Li TWO_UOP_INSTS_DECODED
.Pq Event 19H , Umask 01H
An instruction that generates two uops was decoded
.It Li INST_QUEUE_WRITE_CYCLES
.Pq Event 1EH , Umask 01H
This event counts the number of cycles during which instructions are written
to the instruction queue.
Dividing this counter by the number of instructions written to the
instruction queue (INST_QUEUE_WRITES) yields the average number of
instructions decoded each cycle.
If this number is less than four and the pipe stalls, this indicates that the decoder is failing to
decode enough instructions per cycle to sustain the 4-wide pipeline.
If SSE* instructions that are 6 bytes or longer arrive one after another,
then front end throughput may limit execution speed.
In such case,
.It Li LSD_OVERFLOW
.Pq Event 20H , Umask 01H
Counts number of loops that cant stream from the instruction queue.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.LD_HIT
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 01H
Counts number of loads that hit the L2 cache.
L2 loads include both L1D demand misses as well as L1D prefetches.
L2 loads can be rejected for various reasons.
Only non rejected loads are counted.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.LD_MISS
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of loads that miss the L2 cache.
L2 loads include both L1D demand misses as well as L1D prefetches.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.LOADS
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 03H
Counts all L2 load requests.
L2 loads include both L1D demand misses as well as L1D prefetches.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.RFO_HIT
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of store RFO requests that hit the L2 cache.
L2 RFO requests include both L1D demand RFO misses as well as L1D RFO prefetches.
Count includes WC memory requests, where the data is not fetched but the
permission to write the line is required.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.RFO_MISS
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 08H
Counts the number of store RFO requests that miss the L2 cache.
L2 RFO requests include both L1D demand RFO misses as well as L1D RFO prefetches.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.RFOS
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 0CH
Counts all L2 store RFO requests.
L2 RFO requests include both L1D demand RFO misses as well as L1D RFO prefetches.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.IFETCH_HIT
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 10H
Counts number of instruction fetches that hit the L2 cache.
L2 instruction fetches include both L1I demand misses as well as L1I instruction
prefetches.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.IFETCH_MISS
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 20H
Counts number of instruction fetches that miss the L2 cache.
L2 instruction fetches include both L1I demand misses as well as L1I instruction
prefetches.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.IFETCHES
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 30H
Counts all instruction fetches.
L2 instruction fetches include both L1I demand misses as well as L1I instruction prefetches.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.PREFETCH_HIT
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 40H
Counts L2 prefetch hits for both code and data.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.PREFETCH_MISS
.Pq Event 24H , Umask 80H
Counts L2 prefetch misses for both code and data.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.PREFETCHES
.Pq Event 24H , Umask C0H
Counts all L2 prefetches for both code and data.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.MISS
.Pq Event 24H , Umask AAH
Counts all L2 misses for both code and data.
.It Li L2_RQSTS.REFERENCES
.Pq Event 24H , Umask FFH
Counts all L2 requests for both code and data.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.DEMAND.I_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 01H
Counts number of L2 data demand loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the I (invalid) state, i.e. a cache miss.
L2 demand loads are both L1D demand misses and L1D prefetches.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.DEMAND.S_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 02H
Counts number of L2 data demand loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the S (shared) state.
L2 demand loads are both L1D demand misses and L1D prefetches.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.DEMAND.E_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 04H
Counts number of L2 data demand loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the E (exclusive) state.
L2 demand loads are both L1D demand misses and L1D prefetches.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.DEMAND.M_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 08H
Counts number of L2 data demand loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the M (modified) state.
L2 demand loads are both L1D demand misses and L1D prefetches.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.DEMAND.MESI
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 0FH
Counts all L2 data demand requests.
L2 demand loads are both L1D demand misses and L1D prefetches.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.PREFETCH.I_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 10H
Counts number of L2 prefetch data loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the I (invalid) state, i.e. a cache miss.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.PREFETCH.S_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 20H
Counts number of L2 prefetch data loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the S (shared) state.
A prefetch RFO will miss on an S state line, while a prefetch read will
hit on an S state line.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.PREFETCH.E_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 40H
Counts number of L2 prefetch data loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the E (exclusive) state.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.PREFETCH.M_STATE
.Pq Event 26H , Umask 80H
Counts number of L2 prefetch data loads where the cache line to be loaded is
in the M (modified) state.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.PREFETCH.MESI
.Pq Event 26H , Umask F0H
Counts all L2 prefetch requests.
.It Li L2_DATA_RQSTS.ANY
.Pq Event 26H , Umask FFH
Counts all L2 data requests.
.It Li L2_WRITE.RFO.I_STATE
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 01H
Counts number of L2 demand store RFO requests where the cache line to be
loaded is in the I (invalid) state, i.e, a cache miss.
The L1D prefetcher does not issue a RFO prefetch.
This is a demand RFO request
.It Li L2_WRITE.RFO.S_STATE
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 02H
Counts number of L2 store RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in the S (shared) state.
The L1D prefetcher does not issue a RFO prefetch.
This is a demand RFO request
.It Li L2_WRITE.RFO.M_STATE
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 08H
Counts number of L2 store RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in the M (modified) state.
The L1D prefetcher does not issue a RFO prefetch.
This is a demand RFO request
.It Li L2_WRITE.RFO.HIT
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 0EH
Counts number of L2 store RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in either the S, E or M states.
The L1D prefetcher does not issue a RFO prefetch.
This is a demand RFO request
.It Li L2_WRITE.RFO.MESI
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 0FH
Counts all L2 store RFO requests.
The L1D prefetcher does not issue a RFO prefetch.
This is a demand RFO request
.It Li L2_WRITE.LOCK.I_STATE
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 10H
Counts number of L2 demand lock RFO requests where the cache line to be
loaded is in the I (invalid) state, i.e. a cache miss.
.It Li L2_WRITE.LOCK.S_STATE
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 20H
Counts number of L2 lock RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in the S (shared) state.
.It Li L2_WRITE.LOCK.E_STATE
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 40H
Counts number of L2 demand lock RFO requests where the cache line to be
loaded is in the E (exclusive) state.
.It Li L2_WRITE.LOCK.M_STATE
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 80H
Counts number of L2 demand lock RFO requests where the cache line to be
loaded is in the M (modified) state.
.It Li L2_WRITE.LOCK.HIT
.Pq Event 27H , Umask E0H
Counts number of L2 demand lock RFO requests where the cache line to be
loaded is in either the S, E, or M state.
.It Li L2_WRITE.LOCK.MESI
.Pq Event 27H , Umask F0H
Counts all L2 demand lock RFO requests.
.It Li L1D_WB_L2.I_STATE
.Pq Event 28H , Umask 01H
Counts number of L1 writebacks to the L2 where the cache line to be written
is in the I (invalid) state, i.e. a cache miss.
.It Li L1D_WB_L2.S_STATE
.Pq Event 28H , Umask 02H
Counts number of L1 writebacks to the L2 where the cache line to be written
is in the S state.
.It Li L1D_WB_L2.E_STATE
.Pq Event 28H , Umask 04H
Counts number of L1 writebacks to the L2 where the cache line to be written
is in the E (exclusive) state.
.It Li L1D_WB_L2.M_STATE
.Pq Event 28H , Umask 08H
Counts number of L1 writebacks to the L2 where the cache line to be written
is in the M (modified) state.
.It Li L1D_WB_L2.MESI
.Pq Event 28H , Umask 0FH
Counts all L1 writebacks to the L2.
.It Li L3_LAT_CACHE.REFERENCE
.Pq Event 2EH , Umask 4FH
This event counts requests originating from the core that reference a cache
line in the last level cache.
The event count includes speculative traffic but excludes cache line fills
due to a L2 hardware-prefetch.
Because cache hierarchy, cache sizes and other implementation-specific
characteristics; value comparison to estimate performance differences is not recommended.
see Table A-1
.It Li L3_LAT_CACHE.MISS
.Pq Event 2EH , Umask 41H
This event counts each cache miss condition for references to the last level
cache.
The event count may include speculative traffic but excludes cache
line fills due to L2 hardware-prefetches.
Because cache hierarchy, cache sizes and other implementation-specific
characteristics; value comparison to estimate performance differences is not recommended.
see Table A-1
.It Li CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.THREAD_P
.Pq Event 3CH , Umask 00H
Counts the number of thread cycles while the thread is not in a halt state.
The thread enters the halt state when it is running the HLT instruction.
The core frequency may change from time to time due to power or thermal throttling.
see Table A-1
.It Li CPU_CLK_UNHALTED.REF_P
.Pq Event 3CH , Umask 01H
Increments at the frequency of TSC when not halted.
see Table A-1
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LD.I_STATE
.Pq Event 40H , Umask 01H
Counts L1 data cache read requests where the cache line to be loaded is in
the I (invalid) state, i.e. the read request missed the cache.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LD.S_STATE
.Pq Event 40H , Umask 02H
Counts L1 data cache read requests where the cache line to be loaded is in
the S (shared) state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LD.E_STATE
.Pq Event 40H , Umask 04H
Counts L1 data cache read requests where the cache line to be loaded is in
the E (exclusive) state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LD.M_STATE
.Pq Event 40H , Umask 08H
Counts L1 data cache read requests where the cache line to be loaded is in
the M (modified) state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LD.MESI
.Pq Event 40H , Umask 0FH
Counts L1 data cache read requests.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_ST.S_STATE
.Pq Event 41H , Umask 02H
Counts L1 data cache store RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in the S (shared) state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_ST.E_STATE
.Pq Event 41H , Umask 04H
Counts L1 data cache store RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in the E (exclusive) state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_ST.M_STATE
.Pq Event 41H , Umask 08H
Counts L1 data cache store RFO requests where cache line to be loaded is in
the M (modified) state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LOCK.HIT
.Pq Event 42H , Umask 01H
Counts retired load locks that hit in the L1 data cache or hit in an already
allocated fill buffer.
The lock portion of the load lock transaction must hit in the L1D.
The initial load will pull the lock into the L1 data cache.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LOCK.S_STATE
.Pq Event 42H , Umask 02H
Counts L1 data cache retired load locks that hit the target cache line in
the shared state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LOCK.E_STATE
.Pq Event 42H , Umask 04H
Counts L1 data cache retired load locks that hit the target cache line in
the exclusive state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LOCK.M_STATE
.Pq Event 42H , Umask 08H
Counts L1 data cache retired load locks that hit the target cache line in
the modified state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_ALL_REF.ANY
.Pq Event 43H , Umask 01H
Counts all references (uncached, speculated and retired) to the L1 data
cache, including all loads and stores with any memory types.
The event counts memory accesses only when they are actually performed.
For example, a load blocked by unknown store address and later performed
is only counted once.
The event does not include non- memory accesses, such as I/O accesses.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_ALL_REF.CACHEABLE
.Pq Event 43H , Umask 02H
Counts all data reads and writes (speculated and retired) from cacheable
memory, including locked operations.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.ANY
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of misses in the STLB which causes a page walk.
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 02H
Counts number of misses in the STLB which resulted in a completed page walk.
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.STLB_HIT
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 10H
Counts the number of DTLB first level misses that hit in the second level TLB.
This event is only relevant if the core contains multiple DTLB levels.
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.PDE_MISS
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 20H
Number of DTLB misses caused by low part of address, includes references to 2M pages because 2M pages do not use the PDE.
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.LARGE_WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 80H
Counts number of misses in the STLB which resulted in a completed page walk for large pages.
.It Li LOAD_HIT_PRE
.Pq Event 4CH , Umask 01H
Counts load operations sent to the L1 data cache while a previous SSE
prefetch instruction to the same cache line has started prefetching but has
not yet finished.
.It Li L1D_PREFETCH.REQUESTS
.Pq Event 4EH , Umask 01H
Counts number of hardware prefetch requests dispatched out of the prefetch
FIFO.
.It Li L1D_PREFETCH.MISS
.Pq Event 4EH , Umask 02H
Counts number of hardware prefetch requests that miss the L1D.
There are two prefetchers in the L1D.
A streamer, which predicts lines sequentially after this one should be fetched,
and the IP prefetcher that remembers access patterns for the current instruction.
The streamer prefetcher stops on an L1D hit, while the IP prefetcher does not.
.It Li L1D_PREFETCH.TRIGGERS
.Pq Event 4EH , Umask 04H
Counts number of prefetch requests triggered by the Finite State Machine and
pushed into the prefetch FIFO.
Some of the prefetch requests are dropped due to overwrites or competition between
the IP index prefetcher and streamer prefetcher.
The prefetch FIFO contains 4 entries.
.It Li L1D.REPL
.Pq Event 51H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of lines brought into the L1 data cache.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D.M_REPL
.Pq Event 51H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of modified lines brought into the L1 data cache.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D.M_EVICT
.Pq Event 51H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of modified lines evicted from the L1 data cache due to
replacement.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D.M_SNOOP_EVICT
.Pq Event 51H , Umask 08H
Counts the number of modified lines evicted from the L1 data cache due to
snoop HITM intervention.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li L1D_CACHE_PREFETCH_LOCK_FB_HIT
.Pq Event 52H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of cacheable load lock speculated instructions accepted
into the fill buffer.
.It Li L1D_CACHE_LOCK_FB_HIT
.Pq Event 53H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of cacheable load lock speculated or retired instructions
accepted into the fill buffer.
.It Li CACHE_LOCK_CYCLES.L1D_L2
.Pq Event 63H , Umask 01H
Cycle count during which the L1D and L2 are locked.
A lock is asserted when there is a locked memory access, due to uncacheable memory, a locked
operation that spans two cache lines, or a page walk from an uncacheable
page table.
Counter 0, 1 only.
L1D and L2 locks have a very high performance penalty and it is highly recommended to
avoid such accesses.
.It Li CACHE_LOCK_CYCLES.L1D
.Pq Event 63H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of cycles that cacheline in the L1 data cache unit is
locked.
Counter 0, 1 only.
.It Li IO_TRANSACTIONS
.Pq Event 6CH , Umask 01H
Counts the number of completed I/O transactions.
.It Li L1I.HITS
.Pq Event 80H , Umask 01H
Counts all instruction fetches that hit the L1 instruction cache.
.It Li L1I.MISSES
.Pq Event 80H , Umask 02H
Counts all instruction fetches that miss the L1I cache.
This includes instruction cache misses, streaming buffer misses, victim cache misses and
uncacheable fetches.
An instruction fetch miss is counted only once and not once for every cycle
it is outstanding.
.It Li L1I.READS
.Pq Event 80H , Umask 03H
Counts all instruction fetches, including uncacheable fetches that bypass
the L1I.
.It Li L1I.CYCLES_STALLED
.Pq Event 80H , Umask 04H
Cycle counts for which an instruction fetch stalls due to a L1I cache miss,
ITLB miss or ITLB fault.
.It Li LARGE_ITLB.HIT
.Pq Event 82H , Umask 01H
Counts number of large ITLB hits.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.ANY
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of misses in all levels of the ITLB which causes a page
walk.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 02H
Counts number of misses in all levels of the ITLB which resulted in a
completed page walk.
.It Li ILD_STALL.LCP
.Pq Event 87H , Umask 01H
Cycles Instruction Length Decoder stalls due to length changing prefixes:
66, 67 or REX.W (for EM64T) instructions which change the length of the
decoded instruction.
.It Li ILD_STALL.MRU
.Pq Event 87H , Umask 02H
Instruction Length Decoder stall cycles due to Brand Prediction Unit (PBU)
Most Recently Used (MRU) bypass.
.It Li ILD_STALL.IQ_FULL
.Pq Event 87H , Umask 04H
Stall cycles due to a full instruction queue.
.It Li ILD_STALL.REGEN
.Pq Event 87H , Umask 08H
Counts the number of regen stalls.
.It Li ILD_STALL.ANY
.Pq Event 87H , Umask 0FH
Counts any cycles the Instruction Length Decoder is stalled.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.COND
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of conditional near branch instructions executed, but not
necessarily retired.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.DIRECT
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 02H
Counts all unconditional near branch instructions excluding calls and
indirect branches.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.INDIRECT_NON_CALL
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of executed indirect near branch instructions that are not
calls.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.NON_CALLS
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 07H
Counts all non call near branch instructions executed, but not necessarily
retired.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.RETURN_NEAR
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 08H
Counts indirect near branches that have a return mnemonic.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.DIRECT_NEAR_CALL
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 10H
Counts unconditional near call branch instructions, excluding non call
branch, executed.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.INDIRECT_NEAR_CALL
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 20H
Counts indirect near calls, including both register and memory indirect,
executed.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.NEAR_CALLS
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 30H
Counts all near call branches executed, but not necessarily retired.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.TAKEN
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 40H
Counts taken near branches executed, but not necessarily retired.
.It Li BR_INST_EXEC.ANY
.Pq Event 88H , Umask 7FH
Counts all near executed branches (not necessarily retired).
This includes only instructions and not micro-op branches.
Frequent branching is not necessarily a major performance issue.
However frequent branch mispredictions may be a problem.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.COND
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of mispredicted conditional near branch instructions
executed, but not necessarily retired.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.DIRECT
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 02H
Counts mispredicted macro unconditional near branch instructions, excluding
calls and indirect branches (should always be 0).
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.INDIRECT_NON_CALL
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of executed mispredicted indirect near branch instructions
that are not calls.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.NON_CALLS
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 07H
Counts mispredicted non call near branches executed, but not necessarily
retired.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.RETURN_NEAR
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 08H
Counts mispredicted indirect branches that have a rear return mnemonic.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.DIRECT_NEAR_CALL
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 10H
Counts mispredicted non-indirect near calls executed, (should always be 0).
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.INDIRECT_NEAR_CALL
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 20H
Counts mispredicted indirect near calls executed, including both register
and memory indirect.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.NEAR_CALLS
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 30H
Counts all mispredicted near call branches executed, but not necessarily
retired.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.TAKEN
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 40H
Counts executed mispredicted near branches that are taken, but not
necessarily retired.
.It Li BR_MISP_EXEC.ANY
.Pq Event 89H , Umask 7FH
Counts the number of mispredicted near branch instructions that were
executed, but not necessarily retired.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.ANY
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of Allocator resource related stalls.
Includes register renaming buffer entries, memory buffer entries.
In addition to resource related stalls, this event counts some other events.
Includes stalls arising during branch misprediction recovery, such as if retirement of the
mispredicted branch is delayed and stalls arising while store buffer is
draining from synchronizing operations.
Does not include stalls due to SuperQ (off core) queue full, too many cache
misses, etc.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.LOAD
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 02H
Counts the cycles of stall due to lack of load buffer for load operation.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.RS_FULL
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 04H
This event counts the number of cycles when the number of instructions in
the pipeline waiting for execution reaches the limit the processor can handle.
A high count of this event indicates that there are long latency
operations in the pipe (possibly load and store operations that miss the L2
cache, or instructions dependent upon instructions further down the pipeline
that have yet to retire.
When RS is full, new instructions can not enter the reservation station and
start execution.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.STORE
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 08H
This event counts the number of cycles that a resource related stall will
occur due to the number of store instructions reaching the limit of the
pipeline, (i.e. all store buffers are used).
The stall ends when a store instruction commits its data to the cache or memory.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.ROB_FULL
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 10H
Counts the cycles of stall due to re- order buffer full.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.FPCW
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 20H
Counts the number of cycles while execution was stalled due to writing the
floating-point unit (FPU) control word.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.MXCSR
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 40H
Stalls due to the MXCSR register rename occurring to close to a previous
MXCSR rename.
The MXCSR provides control and status for the MMX registers.
.It Li RESOURCE_STALLS.OTHER
.Pq Event A2H , Umask 80H
Counts the number of cycles while execution was stalled due to other
resource issues.
.It Li MACRO_INSTS.FUSIONS_DECODED
.Pq Event A6H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of instructions decoded that are macro-fused but not
necessarily executed or retired.
.It Li BACLEAR_FORCE_IQ
.Pq Event A7H , Umask 01H
Counts number of times a BACLEAR was forced by the Instruction Queue.
The IQ is also responsible for providing conditional branch prediction direction
based on a static scheme and dynamic data provided by the L2 Branch
Prediction Unit.
If the conditional branch target is not found in the Target Array and the IQ
predicts that the branch is taken, then the IQ will force
the Branch Address Calculator to issue a BACLEAR.
Each BACLEAR asserted by the BAC generates approximately an 8 cycle bubble
in the instruction fetch pipeline.
.It Li LSD.UOPS
.Pq Event A8H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of micro-ops delivered by loop stream detector
Use cmask=1 and invert to count cycles
.It Li ITLB_FLUSH
.Pq Event AEH , Umask 01H
Counts the number of ITLB flushes
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS.L1D_WRITEBACK
.Pq Event B0H , Umask 40H
Counts number of L1D writebacks to the uncore.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT0
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 01H
Counts number of Uops executed that were issued on port 0.
Port 0 handles integer arithmetic, SIMD and FP add Uops.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT1
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 02H
Counts number of Uops executed that were issued on port 1.
Port 1 handles integer arithmetic, SIMD, integer shift, FP multiply and FP divide Uops.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT2_CORE
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 04H
Counts number of Uops executed that were issued on port 2.
Port 2 handles the load Uops.
This is a core count only and can not be collected per thread.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT3_CORE
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 08H
Counts number of Uops executed that were issued on port 3.
Port 3 handles store Uops.
This is a core count only and can not be collected per thread.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT4_CORE
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 10H
Counts number of Uops executed that where issued on port 4.
Port 4 handles the value to be stored for the store Uops issued on port 3.
This is a core count only and can not be collected per thread.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.CORE_ACTIVE_CYCLES_NO_PORT5
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 1FH
Counts cycles when the Uops executed were issued from any ports except port
5.
Use Cmask=1 for active cycles; Cmask=0 for weighted cycles; Use CMask=1,
Invert=1 to count P0-4 stalled cycles Use Cmask=1, Edge=1, Invert=1 to count
P0-4 stalls.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT5
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 20H
Counts number of Uops executed that where issued on port 5.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.CORE_ACTIVE_CYCLES
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 3FH
Counts cycles when the Uops are executing.
Use Cmask=1 for active cycles; Cmask=0 for weighted cycles; Use CMask=1, Invert=1 to count P0-4 stalled
cycles Use Cmask=1, Edge=1, Invert=1 to count P0-4 stalls.
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT015
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 40H
Counts number of Uops executed that where issued on port 0, 1, or 5.
use cmask=1, invert=1 to count stall cycles
.It Li UOPS_EXECUTED.PORT234
.Pq Event B1H , Umask 80H
Counts number of Uops executed that where issued on port 2, 3, or 4.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS_SQ_FULL
.Pq Event B2H , Umask 01H
Counts number of cycles the SQ is full to handle off-core requests.
.It Li OFF_CORE_RESPONSE_0
.Pq Event B7H , Umask 01H
see Section 30.6.1.3, Off-core Response Performance Monitoring in the
Processor Core
Requires programming MSR 01A6H
.It Li SNOOP_RESPONSE.HIT
.Pq Event B8H , Umask 01H
Counts HIT snoop response sent by this thread in response to a snoop
request.
.It Li SNOOP_RESPONSE.HITE
.Pq Event B8H , Umask 02H
Counts HIT E snoop response sent by this thread in response to a snoop
request.
.It Li SNOOP_RESPONSE.HITM
.Pq Event B8H , Umask 04H
Counts HIT M snoop response sent by this thread in response to a snoop
request.
.It Li OFF_CORE_RESPONSE_1
.Pq Event BBH , Umask 01H
see Section 30.6.1.3, Off-core Response Performance Monitoring in the
Processor Core
Requires programming MSR 01A7H
.It Li INST_RETIRED.ANY_P
.Pq Event C0H , Umask 01H
See Table A-1
Notes: INST_RETIRED.ANY is counted by a designated fixed counter.
INST_RETIRED.ANY_P is counted by a programmable counter and is an
architectural performance event.
Event is supported if CPUID.A.EBX[1] = 0.
Counting: Faulting executions of GETSEC/VM entry/VM Exit/MWait will not
count as retired instructions.
.It Li INST_RETIRED.X87
.Pq Event C0H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of MMX instructions retired.
.It Li INST_RETIRED.MMX
.Pq Event C0H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of floating point computational operations retired:
floating point computational operations executed by the assist handler and
sub-operations of complex floating point instructions like transcendental
instructions.
.It Li UOPS_RETIRED.ANY
.Pq Event C2H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of micro-ops retired, (macro-fused=1, micro- fused=2,
others=1; maximum count of 8 per cycle).
Most instructions are composed of one or two micro-ops.
Some instructions are decoded into longer sequences such as repeat instructions,
floating point transcendental instructions, and assists.
Use cmask=1 and invert to count active cycles or stalled cycles
.It Li UOPS_RETIRED.RETIRE_SLOTS
.Pq Event C2H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of retirement slots used each cycle
.It Li UOPS_RETIRED.MACRO_FUSED
.Pq Event C2H , Umask 04H
Counts number of macro-fused uops retired.
.It Li MACHINE_CLEARS.CYCLES
.Pq Event C3H , Umask 01H
Counts the cycles machine clear is asserted.
.It Li MACHINE_CLEARS.MEM_ORDER
.Pq Event C3H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of machine clears due to memory order conflicts.
.It Li MACHINE_CLEARS.SMC
.Pq Event C3H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of times that a program writes to a code section.
Self-modifying code causes a sever penalty in all Intel 64 and IA-32
processors.
The modified cache line is written back to the L2 and L3caches.
.It Li BR_INST_RETIRED.ALL_BRANCHES
.Pq Event C4H , Umask 00H
See Table A-1
.It Li BR_INST_RETIRED.CONDITIONAL
.Pq Event C4H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of conditional branch instructions retired.
.It Li BR_INST_RETIRED.NEAR_CALL
.Pq Event C4H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of direct & indirect near unconditional calls retired
.It Li BR_INST_RETIRED.ALL_BRANCHES
.Pq Event C4H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of branch instructions retired
.It Li BR_MISP_RETIRED.ALL_BRANCHES
.Pq Event C5H , Umask 00H
See Table A-1
.It Li BR_MISP_RETIRED.NEAR_CALL
.Pq Event C5H , Umask 02H
Counts mispredicted direct & indirect near unconditional retired calls.
.It Li SSEX_UOPS_RETIRED.PACKED_SINGLE
.Pq Event C7H , Umask 01H
Counts SIMD packed single-precision floating point Uops retired.
.It Li SSEX_UOPS_RETIRED.SCALAR_SINGLE
.Pq Event C7H , Umask 02H
Counts SIMD calar single-precision floating point Uops retired.
.It Li SSEX_UOPS_RETIRED.PACKED_DOUBLE
.Pq Event C7H , Umask 04H
Counts SIMD packed double- precision floating point Uops retired.
.It Li SSEX_UOPS_RETIRED.SCALAR_DOUBLE
.Pq Event C7H , Umask 08H
Counts SIMD scalar double-precision floating point Uops retired.
.It Li SSEX_UOPS_RETIRED.VECTOR_INTEGER
.Pq Event C7H , Umask 10H
Counts 128-bit SIMD vector integer Uops retired.
.It Li ITLB_MISS_RETIRED
.Pq Event C8H , Umask 20H
Counts the number of retired instructions that missed the ITLB when the
instruction was fetched.
.It Li MEM_LOAD_RETIRED.L1D_HIT
.Pq Event CBH , Umask 01H
Counts number of retired loads that hit the L1 data cache.
.It Li MEM_LOAD_RETIRED.L2_HIT
.Pq Event CBH , Umask 02H
Counts number of retired loads that hit the L2 data cache.
.It Li MEM_LOAD_RETIRED.L3_UNSHARED_HIT
.Pq Event CBH , Umask 04H
Counts number of retired loads that hit their own, unshared lines in the L3
cache.
.It Li MEM_LOAD_RETIRED.OTHER_CORE_L2_HIT_HITM
.Pq Event CBH , Umask 08H
Counts number of retired loads that hit in a sibling core's L2 (on die core).
Since the L3 is inclusive of all cores on the package, this is an L3 hit.
This counts both clean or modified hits.
.It Li MEM_LOAD_RETIRED.L3_MISS
.Pq Event CBH , Umask 10H
Counts number of retired loads that miss the L3 cache.
The load was satisfied by a remote socket, local memory or an IOH.
.It Li MEM_LOAD_RETIRED.HIT_LFB
.Pq Event CBH , Umask 40H
Counts number of retired loads that miss the L1D and the address is located
in an allocated line fill buffer and will soon be committed to cache.
This is counting secondary L1D misses.
.It Li MEM_LOAD_RETIRED.DTLB_MISS
.Pq Event CBH , Umask 80H
Counts the number of retired loads that missed the DTLB.
The DTLB miss is not counted if the load operation causes a fault.
This event counts loads from cacheable memory only.
The event does not count loads by software prefetches.
Counts both primary and secondary misses to the TLB.
.It Li FP_MMX_TRANS.TO_FP
.Pq Event CCH , Umask 01H
Counts the first floating-point instruction following any MMX instruction.
You can use this event to estimate the penalties for the transitions between
floating-point and MMX technology states.
.It Li FP_MMX_TRANS.TO_MMX
.Pq Event CCH , Umask 02H
Counts the first MMX instruction following a floating-point instruction.
You can use this event to estimate the penalties for the transitions between
floating-point and MMX technology states.
.It Li FP_MMX_TRANS.ANY
.Pq Event CCH , Umask 03H
Counts all transitions from floating point to MMX instructions and from MMX
instructions to floating point instructions.
You can use this event to estimate the penalties for the transitions between
floating-point and MMX technology states.
.It Li MACRO_INSTS.DECODED
.Pq Event D0H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of instructions decoded, (but not necessarily executed or
retired).
.It Li UOPS_DECODED.MS
.Pq Event D1H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of Uops decoded by the Microcode Sequencer, MS.
The MS delivers uops when the instruction is more than 4 uops long or a microcode
assist is occurring.
.It Li UOPS_DECODED.ESP_FOLDING
.Pq Event D1H , Umask 04H
Counts number of stack pointer (ESP) instructions decoded: push , pop , call
, ret, etc.
ESP instructions do not generate a Uop to increment or decrement ESP.
Instead, they update an ESP_Offset register that keeps track of the
delta to the current value of the ESP register.
.It Li UOPS_DECODED.ESP_SYNC
.Pq Event D1H , Umask 08H
Counts number of stack pointer (ESP) sync operations where an ESP
instruction is corrected by adding the ESP offset register to the current
value of the ESP register.
.It Li RAT_STALLS.FLAGS
.Pq Event D2H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of cycles during which execution stalled due to several
reasons, one of which is a partial flag register stall.
A partial register stall may occur when two conditions are met: 1) an instruction modifies
some, but not all, of the flags in the flag register and 2) the next
instruction, which depends on flags, depends on flags that were not modified
by this instruction.
.It Li RAT_STALLS.REGISTERS
.Pq Event D2H , Umask 02H
This event counts the number of cycles instruction execution latency became
longer than the defined latency because the instruction used a register that
was partially written by previous instruction.
.It Li RAT_STALLS.ROB_READ_PORT
.Pq Event D2H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of cycles when ROB read port stalls occurred, which did
not allow new micro-ops to enter the out-of-order pipeline.
Note that, at this stage in the pipeline, additional stalls may occur at
the same cycle and prevent the stalled micro-ops from entering the pipe.
In such a case, micro-ops retry entering the execution pipe in the next
cycle and the ROB-read port stall is counted again.
.It Li RAT_STALLS.SCOREBOARD
.Pq Event D2H , Umask 08H
Counts the cycles where we stall due to microarchitecturally required
serialization.
Microcode scoreboarding stalls.
.It Li RAT_STALLS.ANY
.Pq Event D2H , Umask 0FH
Counts all Register Allocation Table stall cycles due to: Cycles when ROB
read port stalls occurred, which did not allow new micro-ops to enter the
execution pipe.
Cycles when partial register stalls occurred Cycles when flag stalls occurred
Cycles floating-point unit (FPU) status word stalls occurred.
To count each of these conditions separately use the events:
RAT_STALLS.ROB_READ_PORT, RAT_STALLS.PARTIAL, RAT_STALLS.FLAGS, and
RAT_STALLS.FPSW.
.It Li SEG_RENAME_STALLS
.Pq Event D4H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of stall cycles due to the lack of renaming resources for
the ES, DS, FS, and GS segment registers.
If a segment is renamed but not retired and a second update to the same
segment occurs, a stall occurs in the front-end of the pipeline until the
renamed segment retires.
.It Li ES_REG_RENAMES
.Pq Event D5H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of times the ES segment register is renamed.
.It Li UOP_UNFUSION
.Pq Event DBH , Umask 01H
Counts unfusion events due to floating point exception to a fused uop.
.It Li BR_INST_DECODED
.Pq Event E0H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of branch instructions decoded.
.It Li BPU_MISSED_CALL_RET
.Pq Event E5H , Umask 01H
Counts number of times the Branch Prediction Unit missed predicting a call
or return branch.
.It Li BACLEAR.CLEAR
.Pq Event E6H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of times the front end is resteered, mainly when the
Branch Prediction Unit cannot provide a correct prediction and this is
corrected by the Branch Address Calculator at the front end.
This can occur if the code has many branches such that they cannot be
consumed by the BPU.
Each BACLEAR asserted by the BAC generates approximately an 8 cycle bubble
in the instruction fetch pipeline.
The effect on total execution time depends on the surrounding code.
.It Li BACLEAR.BAD_TARGET
.Pq Event E6H , Umask 02H
Counts number of Branch Address Calculator clears (BACLEAR) asserted due to
conditional branch instructions in which there was a target hit but the
direction was wrong.
Each BACLEAR asserted by the BAC generates approximately an 8 cycle bubble in
the instruction fetch pipeline.
.It Li BPU_CLEARS.EARLY
.Pq Event E8H , Umask 01H
Counts early (normal) Branch Prediction Unit clears: BPU predicted a taken
branch after incorrectly assuming that it was not taken.
The BPU clear leads to 2 cycle bubble in the Front End.
.It Li BPU_CLEARS.LATE
.Pq Event E8H , Umask 02H
Counts late Branch Prediction Unit clears due to Most Recently Used conflicts.
The PBU clear leads to a 3 cycle bubble in the Front End.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.LOAD
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 01H
Counts L2 load operations due to HW prefetch or demand loads.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.RFO
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 02H
Counts L2 RFO operations due to HW prefetch or demand RFOs.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.IFETCH
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 04H
Counts L2 instruction fetch operations due to HW prefetch or demand ifetch.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.PREFETCH
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 08H
Counts L2 prefetch operations.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.L1D_WB
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 10H
Counts L1D writeback operations to the L2.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.FILL
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 20H
Counts L2 cache line fill operations due to load, RFO, L1D writeback or
prefetch.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.WB
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 40H
Counts L2 writeback operations to the L3.
.It Li L2_TRANSACTIONS.ANY
.Pq Event F0H , Umask 80H
Counts all L2 cache operations.
.It Li L2_LINES_IN.S_STATE
.Pq Event F1H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of cache lines allocated in the L2 cache in the S (shared)
state.
.It Li L2_LINES_IN.E_STATE
.Pq Event F1H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of cache lines allocated in the L2 cache in the E
(exclusive) state.
.It Li L2_LINES_IN.ANY
.Pq Event F1H , Umask 07H
Counts the number of cache lines allocated in the L2 cache.
.It Li L2_LINES_OUT.DEMAND_CLEAN
.Pq Event F2H , Umask 01H
Counts L2 clean cache lines evicted by a demand request.
.It Li L2_LINES_OUT.DEMAND_DIRTY
.Pq Event F2H , Umask 02H
Counts L2 dirty (modified) cache lines evicted by a demand request.
.It Li L2_LINES_OUT.PREFETCH_CLEAN
.Pq Event F2H , Umask 04H
Counts L2 clean cache line evicted by a prefetch request.
.It Li L2_LINES_OUT.PREFETCH_DIRTY
.Pq Event F2H , Umask 08H
Counts L2 modified cache line evicted by a prefetch request.
.It Li L2_LINES_OUT.ANY
.Pq Event F2H , Umask 0FH
Counts all L2 cache lines evicted for any reason.
.It Li SQ_MISC.SPLIT_LOCK
.Pq Event F4H , Umask 10H
Counts the number of SQ lock splits across a cache line.
.It Li SQ_FULL_STALL_CYCLES
.Pq Event F6H , Umask 01H
Counts cycles the Super Queue is full.
Neither of the threads on this core will be able to access the uncore.
.It Li FP_ASSIST.ALL
.Pq Event F7H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of floating point operations executed that required
micro-code assist intervention.
Assists are required in the following cases:
SSE instructions, (Denormal input when the DAZ flag is off or Underflow
result when the FTZ flag is off): x87 instructions, (NaN or denormal are
loaded to a register or used as input from memory, Division by 0 or
Underflow output).
.It Li FP_ASSIST.OUTPUT
.Pq Event F7H , Umask 02H
Counts number of floating point micro-code assist when the output value
(destination register) is invalid.
.It Li FP_ASSIST.INPUT
.Pq Event F7H , Umask 04H
Counts number of floating point micro-code assist when the input value (one
of the source operands to an FP instruction) is invalid.
.It Li SIMD_INT_64.PACKED_MPY
.Pq Event FDH , Umask 01H
Counts number of SID integer 64 bit packed multiply operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_64.PACKED_SHIFT
.Pq Event FDH , Umask 02H
Counts number of SID integer 64 bit packed shift operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_64.PACK
.Pq Event FDH , Umask 04H
Counts number of SID integer 64 bit pack operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_64.UNPACK
.Pq Event FDH , Umask 08H
Counts number of SID integer 64 bit unpack operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_64.PACKED_LOGICAL
.Pq Event FDH , Umask 10H
Counts number of SID integer 64 bit logical operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_64.PACKED_ARITH
.Pq Event FDH , Umask 20H
Counts number of SID integer 64 bit arithmetic operations.
.It Li SIMD_INT_64.SHUFFLE_MOVE
.Pq Event FDH , Umask 40H
Counts number of SID integer 64 bit shift or move operations.
.El
.Ss Event Specifiers (Programmable PMCs)
Core i7 and Xeon 5500 programmable PMCs support the following events as
June 2009 document (removed in December 2009):
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Li SB_FORWARD.ANY
.Pq Event 02H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of store forwards.
.It Li LOAD_BLOCK.STD
.Pq Event 03H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of loads blocked by a preceding store with unknown data.
.It Li LOAD_BLOCK.ADDRESS_OFFSET
.Pq Event 03H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of loads blocked by a preceding store address.
.It Li LOAD_BLOCK.ADDRESS_OFFSET
.Pq Event 01H , Umask 04H
Counts the cycles of store buffer drains.
.It Li MISALIGN_MEM_REF.LOAD
.Pq Event 05H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of misaligned load references
.It Li MISALIGN_MEM_REF.STORE
.Pq Event 05H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of misaligned store references
.It Li MISALIGN_MEM_REF.ANY
.Pq Event 05H , Umask 03H
Counts the number of misaligned memory references
.It Li STORE_BLOCKS.NOT_STA
.Pq Event 06H , Umask 01H
This event counts the number of load operations delayed caused by preceding
stores whose addresses are known but whose data is unknown, and preceding
stores that conflict with the load but which incompletely overlap the load.
.It Li STORE_BLOCKS.STA
.Pq Event 06H , Umask 02H
This event counts load operations delayed caused by preceding stores whose
addresses are unknown (STA block).
.It Li STORE_BLOCKS.ANY
.Pq Event 06H , Umask 0FH
All loads delayed due to store blocks
.It Li MEMORY_DISAMBIGURATION.RESET
.Pq Event 09H , Umask 01H
Counts memory disambiguration reset cycles
.It Li MEMORY_DISAMBIGURATION.SUCCESS
.Pq Event 09H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of loads that memory disambiguration succeeded
.It Li MEMORY_DISAMBIGURATION.WATCHDOG
.Pq Event 09H , Umask 04H
Counts the number of times the memory disambiguration watchdog kicked in.
.It Li MEMORY_DISAMBIGURATION.WATCH_CYCLES
.Pq Event 09H , Umask 08H
Counts the cycles that the memory disambiguration watchdog is active.
set invert=1, cmask = 1
.It Li HW_INT.RCV
.Pq Event 1DH , Umask 01H
Number of interrupt received
.It Li HW_INT.CYCLES_MASKED
.Pq Event 1DH , Umask 02H
Number of cycles interrupt are masked
.It Li HW_INT.CYCLES_PENDING_AND_MASKED
.Pq Event 1DH , Umask 04H
Number of cycles interrupts are pending and masked
.It Li HW_INT.CYCLES_PENDING_AND_MASKED
.Pq Event 04H , Umask 04H
Counts number of L2 store RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in the E (exclusive) state.
The L1D prefetcher does not issue a RFO prefetch.
This is a demand RFO request
.It Li HW_INT.CYCLES_PENDING_AND_MASKED
.Pq Event 27H , Umask 04H
LONGEST_LAT_CACH E.MISS
.It Li UOPS_DECODED.DEC0
.Pq Event 3DH , Umask 01H
Counts micro-ops decoded by decoder 0.
.It Li UOPS_DECODED.DEC0
.Pq Event 01H , Umask 01H
Counts L1 data cache store RFO requests where the cache line to be loaded is
in the I state.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li 0FH
.Pq Event 41H , Umask 41H
L1D_CACHE_ST.MESI
Counts L1 data cache store RFO requests.
Counter 0, 1 only
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.PDE_MISS
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 20H
Number of DTLB cache misses where the low part of the linear to physical
address translation was missed.
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.PDP_MISS
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 40H
Number of DTLB misses where the high part of the linear to physical address
translation was missed.
.It Li DTLB_MISSES.LARGE_WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 49H , Umask 80H
Counts number of completed large page walks due to misses in the STLB.
.It Li SSE_MEM_EXEC.NTA
.Pq Event 4BH , Umask 01H
Counts number of SSE NTA prefetch/weakly-ordered instructions which missed
the L1 data cache.
.It Li SSE_MEM_EXEC.STREAMING_STORES
.Pq Event 4BH , Umask 08H
Counts number of SSE non temporal stores
.It Li SFENCE_CYCLES
.Pq Event 4DH , Umask 01H
Counts store fence cycles
.It Li EPT.EPDE_MISS
.Pq Event 4FH , Umask 02H
Counts Extended Page Directory Entry misses.
The Extended Page Directory cache is used by Virtual Machine operating
systems while the guest operating systems use the standard TLB caches.
.It Li EPT.EPDPE_HIT
.Pq Event 4FH , Umask 04H
Counts Extended Page Directory Pointer Entry hits.
.It Li EPT.EPDPE_MISS
.Pq Event 4FH , Umask 08H
Counts Extended Page Directory Pointer Entry misses.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.DEMAND.READ_DATA
.Pq Event 60H , Umask 01H
Counts weighted cycles of offcore demand data read requests.
Does not include L2 prefetch requests.
counter 0
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.DEMAND.READ_CODE
.Pq Event 60H , Umask 02H
Counts weighted cycles of offcore demand code read requests.
Does not include L2 prefetch requests.
counter 0
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.DEMAND.RFO
.Pq Event 60H , Umask 04H
Counts weighted cycles of offcore demand RFO requests.
Does not include L2 prefetch requests.
counter 0
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.ANY.READ
.Pq Event 60H , Umask 08H
Counts weighted cycles of offcore read requests of any kind.
Include L2 prefetch requests.
counter 0
.It Li IFU_IVC.FULL
.Pq Event 81H , Umask 01H
Instruction Fetche unit victim cache full.
.It Li IFU_IVC.L1I_EVICTION
.Pq Event 81H , Umask 02H
L1 Instruction cache evictions.
.It Li L1I_OPPORTUNISTIC_HITS
.Pq Event 83H , Umask 01H
Opportunistic hits in streaming.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.WALK_CYCLES
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 04H
Counts ITLB miss page walk cycles.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.PMH_BUSY_CYCLES
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 04H
Counts PMH busy cycles.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.STLB_HIT
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 10H
Counts the number of ITLB misses that hit in the second level TLB.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.PDE_MISS
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 20H
Number of ITLB misses where the low part of the linear to physical address
translation was missed.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.PDP_MISS
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 40H
Number of ITLB misses where the high part of the linear to physical address
translation was missed.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.LARGE_WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 85H , Umask 80H
Counts number of completed large page walks due to misses in the STLB.
.It Li ITLB_MISSES.LARGE_WALK_COMPLETED
.Pq Event 01H , Umask 80H
Counts number of offcore demand data read requests.
Does not count L2 prefetch requests.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS.DEMAND.READ_CODE
.Pq Event B0H , Umask 02H
Counts number of offcore demand code read requests.
Does not count L2 prefetch requests.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS.DEMAND.RFO
.Pq Event B0H , Umask 04H
Counts number of offcore demand RFO requests.
Does not count L2 prefetch requests.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS.ANY.READ
.Pq Event B0H , Umask 08H
Counts number of offcore read requests.
Includes L2 prefetch requests.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS.ANY.RFO
.Pq Event B0H , Umask 10H
Counts number of offcore RFO requests.
Includes L2 prefetch requests.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS.UNCACHED_MEM
.Pq Event B0H , Umask 20H
Counts number of offcore uncached memory requests.
.It Li OFFCORE_REQUESTS.ANY
.Pq Event B0H , Umask 80H
Counts all offcore requests.
.It Li SNOOPQ_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.DATA
.Pq Event B3H , Umask 01H
Counts weighted cycles of snoopq requests for data.
Counter 0 only Use cmask=1 to count cycles not empty.
.It Li SNOOPQ_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.INVALIDATE
.Pq Event B3H , Umask 02H
Counts weighted cycles of snoopq invalidate requests.
Counter 0 only Use cmask=1 to count cycles not empty.
.It Li SNOOPQ_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.CODE
.Pq Event B3H , Umask 04H
Counts weighted cycles of snoopq requests for code.
Counter 0 only Use cmask=1 to count cycles not empty.
.It Li SNOOPQ_REQUESTS_OUTSTANDING.CODE
.Pq Event BAH , Umask 04H
Counts number of TPR reads
.It Li PIC_ACCESSES.TPR_WRITES
.Pq Event BAH , Umask 02H
Counts number of TPR writes one or two micro-ops.
Some instructions are decoded into longer sequences
.It Li MACHINE_CLEARS.FUSION_ASSIST
.Pq Event C3H , Umask 10H
Counts the number of macro-fusion assists
Counts SIMD packed single- precision floating point Uops retired.
.It Li BOGUS_BR
.Pq Event E4H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of bogus branches.
.It Li L2_HW_PREFETCH.HIT
.Pq Event F3H , Umask 01H
Count L2 HW prefetcher detector hits
.It Li L2_HW_PREFETCH.ALLOC
.Pq Event F3H , Umask 02H
Count L2 HW prefetcher allocations
.It Li L2_HW_PREFETCH.DATA_TRIGGER
.Pq Event F3H , Umask 04H
Count L2 HW data prefetcher triggered
.It Li L2_HW_PREFETCH.CODE_TRIGGER
.Pq Event F3H , Umask 08H
Count L2 HW code prefetcher triggered
.It Li L2_HW_PREFETCH.DCA_TRIGGER
.Pq Event F3H , Umask 10H
Count L2 HW DCA prefetcher triggered
.It Li L2_HW_PREFETCH.KICK_START
.Pq Event F3H , Umask 20H
Count L2 HW prefetcher kick started
.It Li SQ_MISC.PROMOTION
.Pq Event F4H , Umask 01H
Counts the number of L2 secondary misses that hit the Super Queue.
.It Li SQ_MISC.PROMOTION_POST_GO
.Pq Event F4H , Umask 02H
Counts the number of L2 secondary misses during the Super Queue filling L2.
.It Li SQ_MISC.LRU_HINTS
.Pq Event F4H , Umask 04H
Counts number of Super Queue LRU hints sent to L3.
.It Li SQ_MISC.FILL_DROPPED
.Pq Event F4H , Umask 08H
Counts the number of SQ L2 fills dropped due to L2 busy.
.It Li SEGMENT_REG_LOADS
.Pq Event F8H , Umask 01H
Counts number of segment register loads.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pmc 3 ,
.Xr pmc.atom 3 ,
.Xr pmc.core 3 ,
.Xr pmc.corei7uc 3 ,
.Xr pmc.iaf 3 ,
.Xr pmc.k7 3 ,
.Xr pmc.k8 3 ,
.Xr pmc.p4 3 ,
.Xr pmc.p5 3 ,
.Xr pmc.p6 3 ,
.Xr pmc.soft 3 ,
.Xr pmc.tsc 3 ,
.Xr pmc.ucf 3 ,
.Xr pmc.westmere 3 ,
.Xr pmc.westmereuc 3 ,
.Xr pmc_cpuinfo 3 ,
.Xr pmclog 3 ,
.Xr hwpmc 4
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm pmc
library first appeared in
.Fx 6.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Lb libpmc
library was written by
.An Joseph Koshy Aq Mt jkoshy@FreeBSD.org .