xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/string/strtok.3 (revision 2f02600abfddfc4e9f20dd384a2e729b451e16bd)
1.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Softweyr LLC.  All rights reserved.
2.\"
3.\" strtok_r, from Berkeley strtok
4.\" Oct 13, 1998 by Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>
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44.\"     @(#)strtok.3	8.2 (Berkeley) 2/3/94
45.\" $FreeBSD$
46.\"
47.Dd November 27, 1998
48.Dt STRTOK 3
49.Os
50.Sh NAME
51.Nm strtok , strtok_r
52.Nd string tokens
53.Sh LIBRARY
54.Lb libc
55.Sh SYNOPSIS
56.In string.h
57.Ft char *
58.Fn strtok "char *str" "const char *sep"
59.Ft char *
60.Fn strtok_r "char *str" "const char *sep" "char **last"
61.Sh DESCRIPTION
62.Bf -symbolic
63This interface is obsoleted by
64.Xr strsep 3 .
65.Ef
66.Pp
67The
68.Fn strtok
69function
70is used to isolate sequential tokens in a null-terminated string,
71.Fa str .
72These tokens are separated in the string by at least one of the
73characters in
74.Fa sep .
75The first time that
76.Fn strtok
77is called,
78.Fa str
79should be specified; subsequent calls, wishing to obtain further tokens
80from the same string, should pass a null pointer instead.
81The separator string,
82.Fa sep ,
83must be supplied each time, and may change between calls.
84.Pp
85The implementation will behave as if no library function calls
86.Fn strtok .
87.Pp
88The
89.Fn strtok_r
90function is a reentrant version of
91.Fn strtok .
92The context pointer
93.Fa last
94must be provided on each call.
95The
96.Fn strtok_r
97function
98may also be used to nest two parsing loops within one another, as
99long as separate context pointers are used.
100.Pp
101The
102.Fn strtok
103and
104.Fn strtok_r
105functions
106return a pointer to the beginning of each subsequent token in the string,
107after replacing the token itself with a
108.Dv NUL
109character.
110When no more tokens remain, a null pointer is returned.
111.Sh EXAMPLES
112The following uses
113.Fn strtok_r
114to parse two strings using separate contexts:
115.Bd -literal
116char test[80], blah[80];
117char *sep = "\e\e/:;=-";
118char *word, *phrase, *brkt, *brkb;
119
120strcpy(test, "This;is.a:test:of=the/string\e\etokenizer-function.");
121
122for (word = strtok_r(test, sep, &brkt);
123     word;
124     word = strtok_r(NULL, sep, &brkt))
125{
126    strcpy(blah, "blah:blat:blab:blag");
127
128    for (phrase = strtok_r(blah, sep, &brkb);
129         phrase;
130         phrase = strtok_r(NULL, sep, &brkb))
131    {
132        printf("So far we're at %s:%s\en", word, phrase);
133    }
134}
135.Ed
136.Sh SEE ALSO
137.Xr memchr 3 ,
138.Xr strchr 3 ,
139.Xr strcspn 3 ,
140.Xr strpbrk 3 ,
141.Xr strrchr 3 ,
142.Xr strsep 3 ,
143.Xr strspn 3 ,
144.Xr strstr 3 ,
145.Xr wcstok 3
146.Sh STANDARDS
147The
148.Fn strtok
149function
150conforms to
151.St -isoC .
152.Sh AUTHORS
153.An Wes Peters ,
154Softweyr LLC:
155.Aq wes@softweyr.com
156.Pp
157Based on the
158.Fx 3.0
159implementation.
160.Sh BUGS
161The System V
162.Fn strtok ,
163if handed a string containing only delimiter characters,
164will not alter the next starting point, so that a call to
165.Fn strtok
166with a different (or empty) delimiter string
167may return a
168.Pf non- Dv NULL
169value.
170Since this implementation always alters the next starting point,
171such a sequence of calls would always return
172.Dv NULL .
173