xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/tdelete.c (revision bdd1243df58e60e85101c09001d9812a789b6bc4)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2015 Nuxi, https://nuxi.nl/
3  *
4  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6  * are met:
7  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12  *
13  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
14  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
16  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
17  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
18  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
19  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
20  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
21  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
22  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
23  * SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 
26 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
27 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
28 
29 #define	_SEARCH_PRIVATE
30 #include <search.h>
31 #include <stdbool.h>
32 #include <stdlib.h>
33 
34 #include "tsearch_path.h"
35 
36 /*
37  * Makes a step to the left along the binary search tree. This step is
38  * also saved, so it can be replayed while rebalancing.
39 */
40 #define	GO_LEFT() do {							\
41 	if ((*leaf)->balance == 0 ||					\
42 	    ((*leaf)->balance < 0 && (*leaf)->rlink->balance == 0)) {	\
43 		/*							\
44 		 * If we reach a node that is balanced, or has a child	\
45 		 * in the opposite direction that is balanced, we know	\
46 		 * that we won't need to perform any rotations above	\
47 		 * this point. In this case rotations are always	\
48 		 * capable of keeping the subtree in balance. Make	\
49 		 * this the root node and reset the path.		\
50 		 */							\
51 		rootp = leaf;						\
52 		path_init(&path);					\
53 	}								\
54 	path_taking_left(&path);					\
55 	leaf = &(*leaf)->llink;						\
56 } while (0)
57 
58 /* Makes a step to the right along the binary search tree. */
59 #define	GO_RIGHT() do {							\
60 	if ((*leaf)->balance == 0 ||					\
61 	    ((*leaf)->balance > 0 && (*leaf)->llink->balance == 0)) {	\
62 		rootp = leaf;						\
63 		path_init(&path);					\
64 	}								\
65 	path_taking_right(&path);					\
66 	leaf = &(*leaf)->rlink;						\
67 } while (0)
68 
69 void *
70 tdelete(const void *restrict key, posix_tnode **restrict rootp,
71     int (*compar)(const void *, const void *))
72 {
73 	struct path path;
74 	posix_tnode **leaf, *old, **n, *x, *y, *z, *result;
75 	int cmp;
76 
77 	/* POSIX requires that tdelete() returns NULL if rootp is NULL. */
78 	if (rootp == NULL)
79 		return (NULL);
80 
81 	/*
82 	 * Find the leaf that needs to be removed. Return if we cannot
83 	 * find an existing entry. Keep track of the path that is taken
84 	 * to get to the node, as we will need it to adjust the
85 	 * balances.
86 	 */
87 	result = (posix_tnode *)1;
88 	path_init(&path);
89 	leaf = rootp;
90 	for (;;) {
91 		if (*leaf == NULL)
92 			return (NULL);
93 		cmp = compar(key, (*leaf)->key);
94 		if (cmp < 0) {
95 			result = *leaf;
96 			GO_LEFT();
97 		} else if (cmp > 0) {
98 			result = *leaf;
99 			GO_RIGHT();
100 		} else {
101 			break;
102 		}
103 	}
104 
105 	/* Found a matching key in the tree. Remove the node. */
106 	if ((*leaf)->llink == NULL) {
107 		/* Node has no left children. Replace by its right subtree. */
108 		old = *leaf;
109 		*leaf = old->rlink;
110 		free(old);
111 	} else {
112 		/*
113 		 * Node has left children. Replace this node's key by
114 		 * its predecessor's and remove that node instead.
115 		 */
116 		void **keyp = &(*leaf)->key;
117 		GO_LEFT();
118 		while ((*leaf)->rlink != NULL)
119 			GO_RIGHT();
120 		old = *leaf;
121 		*keyp = old->key;
122 		*leaf = old->llink;
123 		free(old);
124 	}
125 
126 	/*
127 	 * Walk along the same path a second time and adjust the
128 	 * balances. Though this code looks similar to the rebalancing
129 	 * performed in tsearch(), it is not identical. We now also need
130 	 * to consider the case of outward imbalance in the right-right
131 	 * and left-left case that only exists when deleting. Hence the
132 	 * duplication of code.
133 	 */
134 	for (n = rootp; n != leaf;) {
135 		if (path_took_left(&path)) {
136 			x = *n;
137 			if (x->balance < 0) {
138 				y = x->rlink;
139 				if (y->balance > 0) {
140 					/* Right-left case. */
141 					z = y->llink;
142 					x->rlink = z->llink;
143 					z->llink = x;
144 					y->llink = z->rlink;
145 					z->rlink = y;
146 					*n = z;
147 
148 					x->balance = z->balance < 0 ? 1 : 0;
149 					y->balance = z->balance > 0 ? -1 : 0;
150 					z->balance = 0;
151 				} else {
152 					/* Right-right case. */
153 					x->rlink = y->llink;
154 					y->llink = x;
155 					*n = y;
156 
157 					if (y->balance < 0) {
158 						x->balance = 0;
159 						y->balance = 0;
160 					} else {
161 						x->balance = -1;
162 						y->balance = 1;
163 					}
164 				}
165 			} else {
166 				--x->balance;
167 			}
168 			n = &x->llink;
169 		} else {
170 			x = *n;
171 			if (x->balance > 0) {
172 				y = x->llink;
173 				if (y->balance < 0) {
174 					/* Left-right case. */
175 					z = y->rlink;
176 					y->rlink = z->llink;
177 					z->llink = y;
178 					x->llink = z->rlink;
179 					z->rlink = x;
180 					*n = z;
181 
182 					x->balance = z->balance > 0 ? -1 : 0;
183 					y->balance = z->balance < 0 ? 1 : 0;
184 					z->balance = 0;
185 				} else {
186 					/* Left-left case. */
187 					x->llink = y->rlink;
188 					y->rlink = x;
189 					*n = y;
190 
191 					if (y->balance > 0) {
192 						x->balance = 0;
193 						y->balance = 0;
194 					} else {
195 						x->balance = 1;
196 						y->balance = -1;
197 					}
198 				}
199 			} else {
200 				++x->balance;
201 			}
202 			n = &x->rlink;
203 		}
204 	}
205 
206 	/* Return the parent of the old entry. */
207 	return (result);
208 }
209