xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/tdelete.c (revision 09a53ad8f1318c5daae6cfb19d97f4f6459f0013)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2015 Nuxi, https://nuxi.nl/
3  *
4  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6  * are met:
7  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12  *
13  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
14  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
15  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
16  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
17  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
18  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
19  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
20  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
21  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
22  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
23  * SUCH DAMAGE.
24  */
25 
26 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
27 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
28 
29 #define	_SEARCH_PRIVATE
30 #include <search.h>
31 #include <stdbool.h>
32 #include <stdlib.h>
33 
34 #include "tsearch_path.h"
35 
36 /*
37  * Makes a step to the left along the binary search tree. This step is
38  * also saved, so it can be replayed while rebalancing.
39 */
40 #define	GO_LEFT() do {							\
41 	if ((*leaf)->balance == 0 ||					\
42 	    ((*leaf)->balance < 0 && (*leaf)->rlink->balance == 0)) {	\
43 		/*							\
44 		 * If we reach a node that is balanced, or has a child	\
45 		 * in the opposite direction that is balanced, we know	\
46 		 * that we won't need to perform any rotations above	\
47 		 * this point. In this case rotations are always	\
48 		 * capable of keeping the subtree in balance. Make	\
49 		 * this the base node and reset the path.		\
50 		 */							\
51 		base = leaf;						\
52 		path_init(&path);					\
53 	}								\
54 	path_taking_left(&path);					\
55 	leaf = &(*leaf)->llink;						\
56 } while (0)
57 
58 /* Makes a step to the right along the binary search tree. */
59 #define	GO_RIGHT() do {							\
60 	if ((*leaf)->balance == 0 ||					\
61 	    ((*leaf)->balance > 0 && (*leaf)->llink->balance == 0)) {	\
62 		base = leaf;						\
63 		path_init(&path);					\
64 	}								\
65 	path_taking_right(&path);					\
66 	leaf = &(*leaf)->rlink;						\
67 } while (0)
68 
69 void *
70 tdelete(const void *restrict key, void **restrict rootp,
71     int (*compar)(const void *, const void *))
72 {
73 	struct path path;
74 	node_t *root, **base, **leaf, *old, **n, *x, *y, *z;
75 	void *result;
76 	int cmp;
77 
78 	/* POSIX requires that tdelete() returns NULL if rootp is NULL. */
79 	if (rootp == NULL)
80 		return (NULL);
81 	root = *rootp;
82 
83 	/*
84 	 * Find the leaf that needs to be removed. Return if we cannot
85 	 * find an existing entry. Keep track of the path that is taken
86 	 * to get to the node, as we will need it to adjust the
87 	 * balances.
88 	 */
89 	result = (void *)1;
90 	path_init(&path);
91 	base = &root;
92 	leaf = &root;
93 	for (;;) {
94 		if (*leaf == NULL)
95 			return (NULL);
96 		cmp = compar(key, (*leaf)->key);
97 		if (cmp < 0) {
98 			result = &(*leaf)->key;
99 			GO_LEFT();
100 		} else if (cmp > 0) {
101 			result = &(*leaf)->key;
102 			GO_RIGHT();
103 		} else {
104 			break;
105 		}
106 	}
107 
108 	/* Found a matching key in the tree. Remove the node. */
109 	if ((*leaf)->llink == NULL) {
110 		/* Node has no left children. Replace by its right subtree. */
111 		old = *leaf;
112 		*leaf = old->rlink;
113 		free(old);
114 	} else {
115 		/*
116 		 * Node has left children. Replace this node's key by
117 		 * its predecessor's and remove that node instead.
118 		 */
119 		void **keyp = &(*leaf)->key;
120 		GO_LEFT();
121 		while ((*leaf)->rlink != NULL)
122 			GO_RIGHT();
123 		old = *leaf;
124 		*keyp = old->key;
125 		*leaf = old->llink;
126 		free(old);
127 	}
128 
129 	/*
130 	 * Walk along the same path a second time and adjust the
131 	 * balances. Though this code looks similar to the rebalancing
132 	 * performed in tsearch(), it is not identical. We now also need
133 	 * to consider the case of outward imbalance in the right-right
134 	 * and left-left case that only exists when deleting. Hence the
135 	 * duplication of code.
136 	 */
137 	for (n = base; n != leaf;) {
138 		if (path_took_left(&path)) {
139 			x = *n;
140 			if (x->balance < 0) {
141 				y = x->rlink;
142 				if (y->balance > 0) {
143 					/* Right-left case. */
144 					z = y->llink;
145 					x->rlink = z->llink;
146 					z->llink = x;
147 					y->llink = z->rlink;
148 					z->rlink = y;
149 					*n = z;
150 
151 					x->balance = z->balance < 0 ? 1 : 0;
152 					y->balance = z->balance > 0 ? -1 : 0;
153 					z->balance = 0;
154 				} else {
155 					/* Right-right case. */
156 					x->rlink = y->llink;
157 					y->llink = x;
158 					*n = y;
159 
160 					if (y->balance < 0) {
161 						x->balance = 0;
162 						y->balance = 0;
163 					} else {
164 						x->balance = -1;
165 						y->balance = 1;
166 					}
167 				}
168 			} else {
169 				--x->balance;
170 			}
171 			n = &x->llink;
172 		} else {
173 			x = *n;
174 			if (x->balance > 0) {
175 				y = x->llink;
176 				if (y->balance < 0) {
177 					/* Left-right case. */
178 					z = y->rlink;
179 					y->rlink = z->llink;
180 					z->llink = y;
181 					x->llink = z->rlink;
182 					z->rlink = x;
183 					*n = z;
184 
185 					x->balance = z->balance > 0 ? -1 : 0;
186 					y->balance = z->balance < 0 ? 1 : 0;
187 					z->balance = 0;
188 				} else {
189 					/* Left-left case. */
190 					x->llink = y->rlink;
191 					y->rlink = x;
192 					*n = y;
193 
194 					if (y->balance > 0) {
195 						x->balance = 0;
196 						y->balance = 0;
197 					} else {
198 						x->balance = 1;
199 						y->balance = -1;
200 					}
201 				}
202 			} else {
203 				++x->balance;
204 			}
205 			n = &x->rlink;
206 		}
207 	}
208 
209 	/* Return the parent of the old entry. */
210 	*rootp = root;
211 	return (result);
212 }
213