1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3, 6.\" on Information Processing Systems. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" @(#)strtol.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93 37.\" 38.Dd June 4, 1993 39.Dt STRTOL 3 40.Os 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm strtol, strtoq 43.Nd convert string value to a long or quad_t integer 44.Sh SYNOPSIS 45.Fd #include <stdlib.h> 46.Fd #include <limits.h> 47.Ft long 48.Fn strtol "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base" 49 50.Fd #include <sys/types.h> 51.Fd #include <stdlib.h> 52.Fd #include <limits.h> 53.Ft quad_t 54.Fn strtoq "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base" 55.Sh DESCRIPTION 56The 57.Fn strtol 58function 59converts the string in 60.Fa nptr 61to a 62.Em long 63value. 64The 65.Fn strtoq 66function 67converts the string in 68.Fa nptr 69to a 70.Em quad_t 71value. 72The conversion is done according to the given 73.Fa base , 74which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, 75or be the special value 0. 76.Pp 77The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space 78(as determined by 79.Xr isspace 3 ) 80followed by a single optional 81.Ql + 82or 83.Ql - 84sign. 85If 86.Fa base 87is zero or 16, 88the string may then include a 89.Ql 0x 90prefix, 91and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero 92.Fa base 93is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is 94.Ql 0 , 95in which case it is taken as 8 (octal). 96.Pp 97The remainder of the string is converted to a 98.Em long 99value in the obvious manner, 100stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit 101in the given base. 102(In bases above 10, the letter 103.Ql A 104in either upper or lower case 105represents 10, 106.Ql B 107represents 11, and so forth, with 108.Ql Z 109representing 35.) 110.Pp 111If 112.Fa endptr 113is non nil, 114.Fn strtol 115stores the address of the first invalid character in 116.Fa *endptr . 117If there were no digits at all, however, 118.Fn strtol 119stores the original value of 120.Fa nptr 121in 122.Fa *endptr . 123(Thus, if 124.Fa *nptr 125is not 126.Ql \e0 127but 128.Fa **endptr 129is 130.Ql \e0 131on return, the entire string was valid.) 132.Sh RETURN VALUES 133The 134.Fn strtol 135function 136returns the result of the conversion, 137unless the value would underflow or overflow. 138If an underflow occurs, 139.Fn strtol 140returns 141.Dv LONG_MIN . 142If an overflow occurs, 143.Fn strtol 144returns 145.Dv LONG_MAX . 146In both cases, 147.Va errno 148is set to 149.Er ERANGE . 150.Sh ERRORS 151.Bl -tag -width [ERANGE] 152.It Bq Er ERANGE 153The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped. 154.El 155.Sh SEE ALSO 156.Xr atof 3 , 157.Xr atoi 3 , 158.Xr atol 3 , 159.Xr strtod 3 , 160.Xr strtoul 3 161.Sh STANDARDS 162The 163.Fn strtol 164function 165conforms to 166.St -ansiC . 167.Sh BUGS 168Ignores the current locale. 169