xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c (revision 734e82fe33aa764367791a7d603b383996c6b40b)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * Posix rand_r function added May 1999 by Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>.
32  */
33 
34 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)rand.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/14/93";
36 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #include "namespace.h"
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
41 #include <assert.h>
42 #include <pthread.h>
43 #include <stdbool.h>
44 #include <stdlib.h>
45 #include <syslog.h>
46 #include "un-namespace.h"
47 
48 #include "libc_private.h"
49 #include "random.h"
50 
51 /*
52  * Implement rand(3), the standard C PRNG API, using the non-standard but
53  * higher quality random(3) implementation and the same size 128-byte state
54  * LFSR as the random(3) default.
55  *
56  * It turns out there are portable applications that want a PRNG but are too
57  * lazy to use better-but-nonstandard interfaces like random(3), when
58  * available, and too lazy to import higher-quality and faster PRNGs into their
59  * codebase (such as any of SFC, JSF, 128-bit LCGs, PCG, or Splitmix64).
60  *
61  * Since we're stuck with rand(3) due to the C standard, we can at least have
62  * it produce a relatively good PRNG sequence using our existing random(3)
63  * LFSR.  The random(3) design is not particularly fast nor compact, but it has
64  * the advantage of being the one already in the tree.
65  */
66 static struct __random_state *rand3_state;
67 static pthread_once_t rand3_state_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
68 
69 static void
70 initialize_rand3(void)
71 {
72 	int error;
73 
74 	rand3_state = allocatestate(TYPE_3);
75 	error = initstate_r(rand3_state, 1, rand3_state->rst_randtbl, BREAK_3);
76 	assert(error == 0);
77 }
78 
79 int
80 rand(void)
81 {
82 	_once(&rand3_state_once, initialize_rand3);
83 	return ((int)random_r(rand3_state));
84 }
85 
86 void
87 srand(unsigned seed)
88 {
89 	_once(&rand3_state_once, initialize_rand3);
90 	srandom_r(rand3_state, seed);
91 }
92 
93 /*
94  * FreeBSD 12 and prior compatibility implementation of rand(3).
95  */
96 static int
97 do_rand(unsigned long *ctx)
98 {
99 /*
100  * Compute x = (7^5 * x) mod (2^31 - 1)
101  * without overflowing 31 bits:
102  *      (2^31 - 1) = 127773 * (7^5) + 2836
103  * From "Random number generators: good ones are hard to find",
104  * Park and Miller, Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, no. 10,
105  * October 1988, p. 1195.
106  */
107 	long hi, lo, x;
108 
109 	/* Transform to [1, 0x7ffffffe] range. */
110 	x = (*ctx % 0x7ffffffe) + 1;
111 	hi = x / 127773;
112 	lo = x % 127773;
113 	x = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi;
114 	if (x < 0)
115 		x += 0x7fffffff;
116 	/* Transform to [0, 0x7ffffffd] range. */
117 	x--;
118 	*ctx = x;
119 	return (x);
120 }
121 
122 /*
123  * Can't fix this garbage; too little state.
124  */
125 int
126 rand_r(unsigned *ctx)
127 {
128 	u_long val;
129 	int r;
130 
131 	val = *ctx;
132 	r = do_rand(&val);
133 	*ctx = (unsigned)val;
134 	return (r);
135 }
136 
137 static u_long next = 1;
138 
139 int __rand_fbsd12(void);
140 int
141 __rand_fbsd12(void)
142 {
143 	return (do_rand(&next));
144 }
145 __sym_compat(rand, __rand_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
146 
147 void __srand_fbsd12(unsigned seed);
148 void
149 __srand_fbsd12(unsigned seed)
150 {
151 	next = seed;
152 }
153 __sym_compat(srand, __srand_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
154 
155 void __sranddev_fbsd12(void);
156 void
157 __sranddev_fbsd12(void)
158 {
159 	static bool warned = false;
160 
161 	if (!warned) {
162 		syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Deprecated function sranddev() called");
163 		warned = true;
164 	}
165 }
166 __sym_compat(sranddev, __sranddev_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
167