xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c (revision 6780ab54325a71e7e70112b11657973edde8655e)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  * Posix rand_r function added May 1999 by Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>.
34  */
35 
36 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
37 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)rand.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/14/93";
38 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
40 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
41 
42 #include "namespace.h"
43 #include <sys/time.h>          /* for sranddev() */
44 #include <sys/types.h>
45 #include <fcntl.h>             /* for sranddev() */
46 #include <stdlib.h>
47 #include <unistd.h>            /* for sranddev() */
48 #include "un-namespace.h"
49 
50 #ifdef TEST
51 #include <stdio.h>
52 #endif /* TEST */
53 
54 #define NSHUFF 100      /* to drop part of seed -> 1st value correlation */
55 
56 static int
57 do_rand(unsigned long *ctx)
58 {
59 #ifdef  USE_WEAK_SEEDING
60 /*
61  * Historic implementation compatibility.
62  * The random sequences do not vary much with the seed,
63  * even with overflowing.
64  */
65 	return ((*ctx = *ctx * 1103515245 + 12345) % ((u_long)RAND_MAX + 1));
66 #else   /* !USE_WEAK_SEEDING */
67 /*
68  * Compute x = (7^5 * x) mod (2^31 - 1)
69  * wihout overflowing 31 bits:
70  *      (2^31 - 1) = 127773 * (7^5) + 2836
71  * From "Random number generators: good ones are hard to find",
72  * Park and Miller, Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, no. 10,
73  * October 1988, p. 1195.
74  */
75 	long hi, lo, x;
76 
77 	/* Can't be initialized with 0, so use another value. */
78 	if (*ctx == 0)
79 		*ctx = 123459876;
80 	hi = *ctx / 127773;
81 	lo = *ctx % 127773;
82 	x = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi;
83 	if (x < 0)
84 		x += 0x7fffffff;
85 	return ((*ctx = x) % ((u_long)RAND_MAX + 1));
86 #endif  /* !USE_WEAK_SEEDING */
87 }
88 
89 
90 int
91 rand_r(unsigned int *ctx)
92 {
93 	u_long val = (u_long) *ctx;
94 	int r = do_rand(&val);
95 
96 	*ctx = (unsigned int) val;
97 	return (r);
98 }
99 
100 
101 static u_long next = 892053144; /* after srand(1), NSHUFF counted */
102 
103 int
104 rand()
105 {
106 	return (do_rand(&next));
107 }
108 
109 void
110 srand(seed)
111 u_int seed;
112 {
113 	int i;
114 
115 	next = seed;
116 	for (i = 0; i < NSHUFF; i++)
117 		(void)rand();
118 }
119 
120 
121 /*
122  * sranddev:
123  *
124  * Many programs choose the seed value in a totally predictable manner.
125  * This often causes problems.  We seed the generator using the much more
126  * secure random(4) interface.
127  */
128 void
129 sranddev()
130 {
131 	int fd, done;
132 
133 	done = 0;
134 	fd = _open("/dev/random", O_RDONLY, 0);
135 	if (fd >= 0) {
136 		if (_read(fd, (void *) &next, sizeof(next)) == sizeof(next))
137 			done = 1;
138 		_close(fd);
139 	}
140 
141 	if (!done) {
142 		struct timeval tv;
143 		unsigned long junk;
144 
145 		gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
146 		srand((getpid() << 16) ^ tv.tv_sec ^ tv.tv_usec ^ junk);
147 	}
148 }
149 
150 
151 #ifdef TEST
152 
153 main()
154 {
155     int i;
156     unsigned myseed;
157 
158     printf("seeding rand with 0x19610910: \n");
159     srand(0x19610910);
160 
161     printf("generating three pseudo-random numbers:\n");
162     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
163     {
164 	printf("next random number = %d\n", rand());
165     }
166 
167     printf("generating the same sequence with rand_r:\n");
168     myseed = 0x19610910;
169     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
170     {
171 	printf("next random number = %d\n", rand_r(&myseed));
172     }
173 
174     return 0;
175 }
176 
177 #endif /* TEST */
178 
179