xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c (revision 4f4b548b1d21ae16955b09f9b717524167a7d97e)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * Posix rand_r function added May 1999 by Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>.
32  */
33 
34 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)rand.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/14/93";
36 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
39 
40 #include "namespace.h"
41 #include <sys/param.h>
42 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
43 #include <stdlib.h>
44 #include "un-namespace.h"
45 
46 #ifdef TEST
47 #include <stdio.h>
48 #endif /* TEST */
49 
50 static int
51 do_rand(unsigned long *ctx)
52 {
53 /*
54  * Compute x = (7^5 * x) mod (2^31 - 1)
55  * without overflowing 31 bits:
56  *      (2^31 - 1) = 127773 * (7^5) + 2836
57  * From "Random number generators: good ones are hard to find",
58  * Park and Miller, Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, no. 10,
59  * October 1988, p. 1195.
60  */
61 	long hi, lo, x;
62 
63 	/* Transform to [1, 0x7ffffffe] range. */
64 	x = (*ctx % 0x7ffffffe) + 1;
65 	hi = x / 127773;
66 	lo = x % 127773;
67 	x = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi;
68 	if (x < 0)
69 		x += 0x7fffffff;
70 	/* Transform to [0, 0x7ffffffd] range. */
71 	x--;
72 	*ctx = x;
73 	return (x);
74 }
75 
76 
77 int
78 rand_r(unsigned *ctx)
79 {
80 	u_long val;
81 	int r;
82 
83 	val = *ctx;
84 	r = do_rand(&val);
85 	*ctx = (unsigned)val;
86 	return (r);
87 }
88 
89 
90 static u_long next = 1;
91 
92 int
93 rand(void)
94 {
95 	return (do_rand(&next));
96 }
97 
98 void
99 srand(unsigned seed)
100 {
101 	next = seed;
102 }
103 
104 
105 /*
106  * sranddev:
107  *
108  * Many programs choose the seed value in a totally predictable manner.
109  * This often causes problems.  We seed the generator using pseudo-random
110  * data from the kernel.
111  */
112 void
113 sranddev(void)
114 {
115 	int mib[2];
116 	size_t len;
117 
118 	len = sizeof(next);
119 
120 	mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
121 	mib[1] = KERN_ARND;
122 	sysctl(mib, 2, (void *)&next, &len, NULL, 0);
123 }
124 
125 
126 #ifdef TEST
127 
128 main()
129 {
130     int i;
131     unsigned myseed;
132 
133     printf("seeding rand with 0x19610910: \n");
134     srand(0x19610910);
135 
136     printf("generating three pseudo-random numbers:\n");
137     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
138     {
139 	printf("next random number = %d\n", rand());
140     }
141 
142     printf("generating the same sequence with rand_r:\n");
143     myseed = 0x19610910;
144     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
145     {
146 	printf("next random number = %d\n", rand_r(&myseed));
147     }
148 
149     return 0;
150 }
151 
152 #endif /* TEST */
153 
154