xref: /freebsd/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c (revision 4543ef516683042d46f3bd3bb8a4f3f746e00499)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * Posix rand_r function added May 1999 by Wes Peters <wes@softweyr.com>.
32  */
33 
34 #include "namespace.h"
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
37 #include <assert.h>
38 #include <pthread.h>
39 #include <stdbool.h>
40 #include <stdlib.h>
41 #include <syslog.h>
42 #include "un-namespace.h"
43 
44 #include "libc_private.h"
45 #include "random.h"
46 
47 /*
48  * Implement rand(3), the standard C PRNG API, using the non-standard but
49  * higher quality random(3) implementation and the same size 128-byte state
50  * LFSR as the random(3) default.
51  *
52  * It turns out there are portable applications that want a PRNG but are too
53  * lazy to use better-but-nonstandard interfaces like random(3), when
54  * available, and too lazy to import higher-quality and faster PRNGs into their
55  * codebase (such as any of SFC, JSF, 128-bit LCGs, PCG, or Splitmix64).
56  *
57  * Since we're stuck with rand(3) due to the C standard, we can at least have
58  * it produce a relatively good PRNG sequence using our existing random(3)
59  * LFSR.  The random(3) design is not particularly fast nor compact, but it has
60  * the advantage of being the one already in the tree.
61  */
62 static struct __random_state *rand3_state;
63 static pthread_once_t rand3_state_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
64 
65 static void
66 initialize_rand3(void)
67 {
68 	int error;
69 
70 	rand3_state = allocatestate(TYPE_3);
71 	error = initstate_r(rand3_state, 1, rand3_state->rst_randtbl, BREAK_3);
72 	assert(error == 0);
73 }
74 
75 int
76 rand(void)
77 {
78 	_once(&rand3_state_once, initialize_rand3);
79 	return ((int)random_r(rand3_state));
80 }
81 
82 void
83 srand(unsigned seed)
84 {
85 	_once(&rand3_state_once, initialize_rand3);
86 	srandom_r(rand3_state, seed);
87 }
88 
89 /*
90  * FreeBSD 12 and prior compatibility implementation of rand(3).
91  */
92 static int
93 do_rand(unsigned long *ctx)
94 {
95 /*
96  * Compute x = (7^5 * x) mod (2^31 - 1)
97  * without overflowing 31 bits:
98  *      (2^31 - 1) = 127773 * (7^5) + 2836
99  * From "Random number generators: good ones are hard to find",
100  * Park and Miller, Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, no. 10,
101  * October 1988, p. 1195.
102  */
103 	long hi, lo, x;
104 
105 	/* Transform to [1, 0x7ffffffe] range. */
106 	x = (*ctx % 0x7ffffffe) + 1;
107 	hi = x / 127773;
108 	lo = x % 127773;
109 	x = 16807 * lo - 2836 * hi;
110 	if (x < 0)
111 		x += 0x7fffffff;
112 	/* Transform to [0, 0x7ffffffd] range. */
113 	x--;
114 	*ctx = x;
115 	return (x);
116 }
117 
118 /*
119  * Can't fix this garbage; too little state.
120  */
121 int
122 rand_r(unsigned *ctx)
123 {
124 	u_long val;
125 	int r;
126 
127 	val = *ctx;
128 	r = do_rand(&val);
129 	*ctx = (unsigned)val;
130 	return (r);
131 }
132 
133 static u_long next = 1;
134 
135 int __rand_fbsd12(void);
136 int
137 __rand_fbsd12(void)
138 {
139 	return (do_rand(&next));
140 }
141 __sym_compat(rand, __rand_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
142 
143 void __srand_fbsd12(unsigned seed);
144 void
145 __srand_fbsd12(unsigned seed)
146 {
147 	next = seed;
148 }
149 __sym_compat(srand, __srand_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
150 
151 void __sranddev_fbsd12(void);
152 void
153 __sranddev_fbsd12(void)
154 {
155 	static bool warned = false;
156 
157 	if (!warned) {
158 		syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "Deprecated function sranddev() called");
159 		warned = true;
160 	}
161 }
162 __sym_compat(sranddev, __sranddev_fbsd12, FBSD_1.0);
163